Montoya-Navia v. State

691 So. 2d 1144, 1997 Fla. App. LEXIS 3969, 1997 WL 180193
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedApril 16, 1997
DocketNo. 95-1347
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 691 So. 2d 1144 (Montoya-Navia v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Montoya-Navia v. State, 691 So. 2d 1144, 1997 Fla. App. LEXIS 3969, 1997 WL 180193 (Fla. Ct. App. 1997).

Opinion

COPE, Judge.

Freddy Montoya-Navia appeals his conviction for drug trafficking. We reverse.

Prior to trial, defendant moved to perpetuate the testimony of two out-of-country witnesses. See Fla. R.Crim. P. 3.190(j). Telephone depositions had already been taken of the two witnesses. Whether to grant a motion to perpetuate testimony is within the sound discretion of the court, and such a motion may be granted if the court is satisfied that the perpetuation of testimony may prevent a failure or delay of justice. Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.290; 19 Fla. Jur.2d Discovery and Depositions § 125 (1980); 23 Am.Jur.2d Depositions and Discovery § 125 (1983). The deposition testimony supported defendant’s defense (which he testified to at trial) that he was acting under duress when he smuggled the drugs at issue in this case. The proffered testimony satisfied the legal standard and the motion to perpetuate testimony should have been granted.

Defendant next argues that the trial court erroneously admitted into evidence certain statements made by the defendant while in custody. We disagree and find the statements were properly admitted.

Defendant was taken into custody at Miami International Airport where United States Customs agents concluded that defendant had swallowed packages containing drugs and was attempting to gain entry into the United States. He was given Miranda1 warnings but refused to waive his Miranda [1146]*1146rights and made no statements at that time. The agents treated defendant as having invoked his right to remain silent and conducted no further interrogation.

Defendant was taken to the hospital and x-rayed. He made several spontaneous statements, the admissibility of which is not challenged here. At several points at the hospital defendant stated, “I am Freddy Montoya-Navia and I have no drugs.” When the x-ray revealed that the defendant had containers of drugs in his intestinal tract, Agent McNamara

told him that the x-ray was, in fact, positive, and that he would not be going anywhere.
[[Image here]]
I asked Mr. Montoya to please be seated, that the hospital would proceed with administering him a laxative, which is I believe a brand name, “Go Lite” which helps or speeds up the process of which the packets can be removed, speeding up nature.

Defendant repeated, “My name is Freddy Montoya-Navia. I have nothing[J”

Defendant contends that a subsequent discussion between himself and Agent McNamara should have been excluded from evidence. At least a half hour after defendant was given his x-ray results, defendant initiated a conversation with Agent McNamara. The agent testified:

Mr. Montoya approached me stating that he wanted to work out some kind of deal.
[[Image here]]
He stated that he could help us out. He stated that he would like to go to a plane side with us. Basically our function is to go to a plane and we pick people out of an airplane and select them for inspection. That, he would be willing to go plane side with us and point out other swallowers. That’s the way he said it.
[[Image here]]
I asked him if he wanted to cooperate, and he stated, “yeah, definitely.”
And I asked him how many pellets he had swallowed.
[[Image here]]
He stated that his name is Freddy Montoya and he doesn’t have any drugs. And I asked him why does he want to deal if he doesn’t have anything. He just went and sat down.
[[Image here]]
He said that, no, no, he really wanted to help us. He had a lot of knowledge and he could point out other swallowers. I told him his opportunity to talk with D.E.A. agents will come when he exits the hospital.

Defendant claims that this exchange took place immediately after defendant was told of his x-ray results. Defendant says that informing him of the x-ray results constituted impermissible interrogation after he had invoked his right to be silent. According to defendant, telling him of the x-ray results was calculated to stimulate him into making incriminating statements. This argument has no merit. First, the agents certainly could and should tell defendant of his x-ray results. The record shows that they did this, and had to do this, preparatory to advising defendant that he was not free to leave and that he would be given a laxative. Second, the record contradicts defendant’s claim that he offered to make a deal immediately after being confronted with his x-ray results. The record is very clear that at least a half hour elapsed before defendant initiated the conversation with Agent McNamara and offered to make a deal. The conversation clearly was not the product of any interrogation by the agents. Consequently, this testimony was properly admitted at trial. See Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477, 101 S.Ct. 1880, 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981); Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U.S. 291, 100 S.Ct. 1682, 64 L.Ed.2d 297 (1980); Jones v. State, 497 So.2d 1268 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986).

Defendant next contends that the state impermissibly commented on the defendant’s silence. We agree.

As already stated, when defendant was taken into custody at the airport he was advised of his Miranda rights. He initialed each paragraph of the Spanish-language Miranda warning form, but refused to execute [1147]*1147the waiver of Miranda rights set out at the bottom of the form. The customs agents wrote “refused to sign” at the bottom of the form.

In opening statement, the state explained to the jury over defendant’s objection that after the defendant was advised of his Miranda rights, he refused to sign a waiver. Later, over defense objection, the state introduced the Spanish-language.Miranda form, which included the notation at the bottom of the form, “refused to sign.” The defendant’s objections were well taken and should have been sustained.

It is improper to comment on a defendant’s invocation of his right to remain silent. State v. DiGuilio, 491 So.2d 1129, 1131 (Fla.1986). The state’s remark in opening argument, and the introduction of the portion of the Miranda warning form saying “refused to sign” were, under the circumstances, “fairly susceptible of being interpreted by the jury as a comment on silence.” DiGuilio, 491 So.2d at 1131 (citation omitted).

Defendant next contends that the trial court erred by admitting certain testimony over defense objection in the state’s rebuttal case. The defendant claimed that he was acting under duress in smuggling the drugs, because his son had been kidnapped and defendant was required to deliver the drugs in order that no harm would come to his son. In its rebuttal case, the state called three of the agents to the stand. From each agent the state elicited the amount of time the agent had spent with the defendant (in each case, a number of hours). The state then asked whether at any time the defendant had mentioned that he had been kidnapped, or that his son had been kidnapped.

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Related

Alvarez v. State
774 So. 2d 802 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2000)
Cherry v. State
781 So. 2d 1040 (Supreme Court of Florida, 2000)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
691 So. 2d 1144, 1997 Fla. App. LEXIS 3969, 1997 WL 180193, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/montoya-navia-v-state-fladistctapp-1997.