Mohawk Drive Corp. v. Taylor

14 Mass. L. Rptr. 84
CourtMassachusetts Superior Court
DecidedSeptember 28, 2001
DocketNo. 000284A
StatusPublished

This text of 14 Mass. L. Rptr. 84 (Mohawk Drive Corp. v. Taylor) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Massachusetts Superior Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Mohawk Drive Corp. v. Taylor, 14 Mass. L. Rptr. 84 (Mass. Ct. App. 2001).

Opinion

Toomey, J.

INTRODUCTION

This matter is before the court on the parties’ cross motions for summary judgment. Plaintiffs, Mohawk Drive Corporation and Kevin Crowley (collectively, “Mohawk”), appeal a decision of the defendant members of the Leominster Board of Appeals (“Board”), upholding defendant Leominster Building Inspector Edward M. Cataldo (“Cataldo”)’s denial of Mohawk's request for a building permit. Mohawk had sought the permit to erect a cellular communication tower on property within the City’s Industrial Zoning District.

Mohawk, in support of its motion for summary judgment, argues that construction of a cell tower was permitted as of right under the zoning scheme in effect when the Board issued its decision in January 2000. The Board opposes Mohawk’s motion and seeks summary judgment for itself, contendingboth that cellular towers were not permitted uses in the Industrial Zone at the time of the Board’s decision and that Mohawk’s permit application failed to include the environmental permits required to build in a Floodplain District.

For the following reasons, Mohawk’s motion is DENIED and the Board’s motion is ALLOWED.

BACKGROUND

Mohawk owns real estate at 25 Mohawk Drive in Leominster (“property”). The property is in a district classified by the zoning ordinance for the City of Leominster as “Industrial.” On November 22, 1999, Mohawk requested from Cataldo a building permit for a cell tower of a height of approximately 200 feet and associated foundation and equipment buildings on the property. On the same date, the City Council, at a regularly scheduled public meeting, proposed and forwarded to the Planning Board an amendment to the Zoning Ordinance to “regulate the siting of cellular towers” (“Amendment”). The Amendment requires individuals seeking to construct a cellular tower in Leominster to obtain a special permit from the Planning Board.

Shortly after he received Mohawk’s permit application, Cataldo issued a written rejection, stating that construction of a 200-foot radio tower was not a permitted use in the Industrial Zone pursuant to “City of Leominster Zoning Ordinance, Chapter 22, Article II, Section 22-27(a) Table of Uses.” On December 6, 1999, Mohawk appealed Cataldo’s decision to the Board on the grounds that the proposed activity conformed to the provisions of the Ordinance. On January 19, 2000, the Board conducted a public hearing and voted 3-2 to uphold Cataldo’s denial of the permit.

On January 16, 2000, three days before it heard plaintiffs’ appeal, the Planning Board published notice of a hearing on the proposed Amendment. In May 2000, the City Council adopted the Amendment and its requirement of a special permit from the Planning Board for construction of any cellular facility. Mohawk argues that, because the Amendment was not in effect at the time it applied for a building permit and because telecommunications towers were not a prohibited use under the Ordinance, he was entitled to approval of his permit by Cataldo and the Board as a matter of right.

[85]*85Section 22-26 of the Leominster Zoning Ordinance provides: “Manufacturing and any and all other uses shall be permitted except that the following uses are specifically prohibited.”3 (Emphasis added.) The Ordinance enumerates 22 prohibited uses, none of which includes construction of a cellular tower.

The issue at bar is the proper interpretation of the phrase “any and all other uses.” Mohawk argues that, pursuant to the italicized language, construction of a cellular tower is a permissible use because it is not one of the 22 prohibited uses expressly enumerated by the statute. The Board responds that plaintiffs were not entitled to a permit because Mohawk’s interpretation of the ordinance is incorrect as a matter of law and because Mohawk failed to obtain required environmental special permits at the time of the Board’s review.4

Pursuant to G.L.c. 40A, §6, a zoning amendment does not apply to “a building permit issued before the first publication of notice of the public hearing on such ordinance.” Mohawk argues that it applied for the building permit in November of 1999 and the Board did not publish a notice of the public hearing on the proposed amendment until January of 2000. Therefore, Mohawk contends, if Catalado had not erroneously denied it a building permit, the permit would have issued before the Board published notice of the hearing on January 16, 2000, and the telecommunications Amendment would not apply to Mohawk’s request for a permit. The nub of Mohawk’s argument is that it was entitled, as a matter of right, to build a cellular tower in the Industrial Zone on November 22, 1999, when it applied for a building permit. Given the plain language of the applicable statute and zoning ordinance, Mohawk’s argument is unpersuasive.

DISCUSSION

Summary judgment is granted where there are no genuine issues of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Kourouvacilis v. General Motors Corp., 410 Mass. 706, 716 (1991); Cassesso v. Commissioner of Correction, 390 Mass. 419, 422 (1983); Mass.R.Civ.P. 56(c). The moving party bears the burden of affirmatively demonstrating that there is no triable issue of fact. Pederson v. Time, Inc., 404 Mass. 14, 17 (1989). At bar, there are no fulcrum facts in dispute and we may proceed to summary judgment by interpretation of the Ordinance.

G.L.c. 40A, §6 provides, in pertinent part: “A zoning ordinance or bylaw shall not apply to structures or uses lawfully in existence or lawfully begun, or to a building or a special permit issued before the first publication of notice of the public hearing on such ordinance or by-law.” Mohawk contends that he was entitled to a building permit because the Board had not issued its first notice of hearing on the Telecommunications Amendment when, on November 22, 1999, it applied for the permit.

In support of its contention, Mohawk relies on Nyquist v. Board of Appeals of Acton, 359 Mass. 462 (1971), in which a Planning Board approved development of a shopping center on a site zoned for retail use. Although the site was subsequently re-zoned to prohibit retail use, the developer was allowed to proceed because the development plan had been approved before publication of the first advertisement for a public hearing on the amendment to re-zone the site. Thus, in Nyquist, the Court held that construction of a department store on the site was proper because the zoning by-law, later amended but in effect when the development plan was approved, permitted retail use.

Nyquist is, however, distinguishable from the case at bar. At the time the Nyquist Planning Board approved the development plan, the clear language of the zoning ordinance permitted retail use. At bar, no such clarity of permit exists. Although Mohawk assumes that it was entitled to a building permit for a telecommunications tower in the Industrial zone, the clear language of the Ordinance in effect at the time of Mohawk’s application belies that assumption. For the reasons stated infra, the Ordinance in effect on November 22, 1999, did not entitle Mohawk to the permit it sought, in contrast to the Nyquist ordinance which did so entitle its developer.

Construction of the Ordinance

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Related

Pederson v. Time, Inc.
532 N.E.2d 1211 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1989)
Kourouvacilis v. General Motors Corp.
575 N.E.2d 734 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1991)
Adamowicz v. Town of Ipswich
481 N.E.2d 1368 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1985)
Cassesso v. Commissioner of Correction
456 N.E.2d 1123 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1983)
Nyquist v. Board of Appeals of Acton
269 N.E.2d 654 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1971)
Hall v. Zoning Board of Appeals
549 N.E.2d 433 (Massachusetts Appeals Court, 1990)

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Bluebook (online)
14 Mass. L. Rptr. 84, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/mohawk-drive-corp-v-taylor-masssuperct-2001.