MICHAEL MOGAN, Case No. 21-cv-08431-TSH
Plaintiff, ORDER DENYING MOTION FOR v. RELIEF FROM JUDGMENT
SACKS, RICKETTS & CASE LLP, et al., Re: Dkt. No. 52 Defendants.
Plaintiff Michael Mogan, an attorney licensed in California, brought this case against Airbnb and three of its employees, Jeff Henry, Dave Willner and Sanaz Ebrahini (collectively, the “Airbnb Defendants”) and counsel that represented the Airbnb Defendants, Sacks, Ricketts & Case, LLP and two of its attorneys, Michele Floyd and Jacqueline Young (collectively, the “SRC Defendants”) for claims related to a sanction award against him in an underlying state court action. On January 10, 2022, the Court granted the defendants’ motions to dismiss as to all claims. ECF No. 38. Mogan now moves for relief from judgment under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 59(e)(2). ECF No. 52. The Airbnb Defendants filed an opposition (ECF Nos. 57) and Mogan filed a Reply (ECF No. 58). The SRC Defendants did not file a response. The Court finds this matter suitable for disposition without oral argument and VACATES the February 17, 2022 hearing. See Civ. L.R. 7-1(b). Having considered the parties’ positions, relevant legal authority, and the record in this case, the Court DENIES Mogan’s motion for the following reasons.1 The facts of the action are well known to the parties, and the Court has previously summarized the background of this case in its January 10, 2022 Order Granting Motions to Dismiss (the “MTD Order”). ECF No. 38; Mogan v. Sacks, Ricketts & Case LLP, 2022 WL 94927 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 10, 2022). The Court incorporates by reference the factual background set forth in that order. Rule 59(e) allows a court to alter or amend a judgment within 28 days after entry of the judgment. “[A]ltering or amending a judgment under Rule 59(e) is an ‘extraordinary remedy.’” Rishor v. Ferguson, 822 F.3d 482, 491 (9th Cir. 2016). A district court ordinarily will only alter a judgment if “(1) the court committed manifest errors of law or fact, (2) the court is presented with newly discovered or previously unavailable evidence, (3) the decision was manifestly unjust, or (4) there is an intervening change in the controlling law.” Id. at 491-92. A court should grant such motions “sparingly.” Allstate Ins. Co. v. Herron, 634 F.3d 1101, 1111 (9th Cir. 2011); Kona Enterprises, Inc. v. Estate of Bishop, 229 F.3d 877, 890 (9th Cir. 2000) (Rule 59(e) applies only in “highly unusual circumstances.”). A. Airbnb Defendants In its MTD Order, the Court held Mogan’s state-law causes of action against the Airbnb Defendants were barred by both California’s litigation privilege and issue preclusion, and that his federal-law causes of action were barred by issue preclusion. Mogan argues the Court committed error because California’s litigation privilege only applies to communications made in “good faith contemplation of an imminent, impending resort to the judicial system for the purpose of resolving a dispute,” as opposed to communications that are mere “tactical ploy[s] to negotiate a bargain” or “hollow threat[s].” Mot. at 9-11. According to Mogan, the communications at issue—service of the Airbnb Defendants’ first (unfiled) sanctions motion and the accompanying communications in the state-court action—were intended by the Airbnb Defendants only as a threat and were never because arbitration proceedings were closed and the motion for which the Airbnb Defendants sought sanctions had already been denied. Id. at 10. But as the Court determined, service of the first motion and the accompanying communications were “pursuant to and in accordance with California Civil Procedure Code § 128.7(c)(1)[4].” MTD Order at 9. The Court held that “[i]t is clear that serving a motion in compliance with the rules—a motion that was ultimately granted by the superior court—was a step in the litigation process,” especially because the revised motion, which was filed and granted, “asserted substantively the same arguments as the previous version.” Id. Despite this ruling, Mogan asserts that whether the communications fall outside the scope of the litigation privilege could not be decided on a motion to dismiss because his complaint did not allege that the Airbnb Defendants intended in good faith to file the first sanctions motion. Mot. at 11. But a plaintiff cannot escape the litigation privilege simply because his own complaint does not allege good-faith intent on behalf of his adversaries. Mogan cites no authority for this proposition in his motion, which would swallow the litigation privilege entirely. In any event, this newly raised argument is not properly considered here. Kona Enterprises, Inc., 229 F.3d at 890 (“A Rule 59(e) motion may not be used to raise arguments or present evidence for the first time when they could reasonably have been raised earlier in the litigation.”).2 As to his federal law claims, Mogan contends they should not have been dismissed because his complaint alleges the predicate acts of wire fraud and violations of the Hobbs Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1951. Mot. at 13-14. But for the reasons explained by the Court, issue preclusion bars the allegations on which those alleged predicate acts rely. MTD Order at 10-15. Mogan challenges the Court’s ruling as to the privity element of issue preclusion, arguing the doctrine does not apply because neither he nor Airbnb (as opposed to the individual Airbnb defendants) were parties to the underlying state court proceedings. Mot. at 13-16. However, as the Court explained with respect
2 Mogan also asserts that the Court failed to discuss privity with respect to the litigation privilege. Mot. at 12. However, privity is not an element of the litigation privilege, and as the Court held, Airbnb’s counsel were “participants” in the state-court litigation for the purposes of the privilege. to Airbnb, “issue preclusion does not require identical parties on both sides of the courtroom; rather, it applies when ‘asserted against one who was a party in the first suit or one in privity with that party.’” MTD Order at 14-15 (quoting Samara v. Matar, 5 Cal. 5th 322, 327 (2018)). As such, the Court held, “it is irrelevant whether Airbnb was a party or in privity with a party to the original action.” Id. at 15. The Court also rejected the contention that Mogan was not in privity with a party to the state action, holding:
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MICHAEL MOGAN, Case No. 21-cv-08431-TSH
Plaintiff, ORDER DENYING MOTION FOR v. RELIEF FROM JUDGMENT
SACKS, RICKETTS & CASE LLP, et al., Re: Dkt. No. 52 Defendants.
Plaintiff Michael Mogan, an attorney licensed in California, brought this case against Airbnb and three of its employees, Jeff Henry, Dave Willner and Sanaz Ebrahini (collectively, the “Airbnb Defendants”) and counsel that represented the Airbnb Defendants, Sacks, Ricketts & Case, LLP and two of its attorneys, Michele Floyd and Jacqueline Young (collectively, the “SRC Defendants”) for claims related to a sanction award against him in an underlying state court action. On January 10, 2022, the Court granted the defendants’ motions to dismiss as to all claims. ECF No. 38. Mogan now moves for relief from judgment under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 59(e)(2). ECF No. 52. The Airbnb Defendants filed an opposition (ECF Nos. 57) and Mogan filed a Reply (ECF No. 58). The SRC Defendants did not file a response. The Court finds this matter suitable for disposition without oral argument and VACATES the February 17, 2022 hearing. See Civ. L.R. 7-1(b). Having considered the parties’ positions, relevant legal authority, and the record in this case, the Court DENIES Mogan’s motion for the following reasons.1 The facts of the action are well known to the parties, and the Court has previously summarized the background of this case in its January 10, 2022 Order Granting Motions to Dismiss (the “MTD Order”). ECF No. 38; Mogan v. Sacks, Ricketts & Case LLP, 2022 WL 94927 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 10, 2022). The Court incorporates by reference the factual background set forth in that order. Rule 59(e) allows a court to alter or amend a judgment within 28 days after entry of the judgment. “[A]ltering or amending a judgment under Rule 59(e) is an ‘extraordinary remedy.’” Rishor v. Ferguson, 822 F.3d 482, 491 (9th Cir. 2016). A district court ordinarily will only alter a judgment if “(1) the court committed manifest errors of law or fact, (2) the court is presented with newly discovered or previously unavailable evidence, (3) the decision was manifestly unjust, or (4) there is an intervening change in the controlling law.” Id. at 491-92. A court should grant such motions “sparingly.” Allstate Ins. Co. v. Herron, 634 F.3d 1101, 1111 (9th Cir. 2011); Kona Enterprises, Inc. v. Estate of Bishop, 229 F.3d 877, 890 (9th Cir. 2000) (Rule 59(e) applies only in “highly unusual circumstances.”). A. Airbnb Defendants In its MTD Order, the Court held Mogan’s state-law causes of action against the Airbnb Defendants were barred by both California’s litigation privilege and issue preclusion, and that his federal-law causes of action were barred by issue preclusion. Mogan argues the Court committed error because California’s litigation privilege only applies to communications made in “good faith contemplation of an imminent, impending resort to the judicial system for the purpose of resolving a dispute,” as opposed to communications that are mere “tactical ploy[s] to negotiate a bargain” or “hollow threat[s].” Mot. at 9-11. According to Mogan, the communications at issue—service of the Airbnb Defendants’ first (unfiled) sanctions motion and the accompanying communications in the state-court action—were intended by the Airbnb Defendants only as a threat and were never because arbitration proceedings were closed and the motion for which the Airbnb Defendants sought sanctions had already been denied. Id. at 10. But as the Court determined, service of the first motion and the accompanying communications were “pursuant to and in accordance with California Civil Procedure Code § 128.7(c)(1)[4].” MTD Order at 9. The Court held that “[i]t is clear that serving a motion in compliance with the rules—a motion that was ultimately granted by the superior court—was a step in the litigation process,” especially because the revised motion, which was filed and granted, “asserted substantively the same arguments as the previous version.” Id. Despite this ruling, Mogan asserts that whether the communications fall outside the scope of the litigation privilege could not be decided on a motion to dismiss because his complaint did not allege that the Airbnb Defendants intended in good faith to file the first sanctions motion. Mot. at 11. But a plaintiff cannot escape the litigation privilege simply because his own complaint does not allege good-faith intent on behalf of his adversaries. Mogan cites no authority for this proposition in his motion, which would swallow the litigation privilege entirely. In any event, this newly raised argument is not properly considered here. Kona Enterprises, Inc., 229 F.3d at 890 (“A Rule 59(e) motion may not be used to raise arguments or present evidence for the first time when they could reasonably have been raised earlier in the litigation.”).2 As to his federal law claims, Mogan contends they should not have been dismissed because his complaint alleges the predicate acts of wire fraud and violations of the Hobbs Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1951. Mot. at 13-14. But for the reasons explained by the Court, issue preclusion bars the allegations on which those alleged predicate acts rely. MTD Order at 10-15. Mogan challenges the Court’s ruling as to the privity element of issue preclusion, arguing the doctrine does not apply because neither he nor Airbnb (as opposed to the individual Airbnb defendants) were parties to the underlying state court proceedings. Mot. at 13-16. However, as the Court explained with respect
2 Mogan also asserts that the Court failed to discuss privity with respect to the litigation privilege. Mot. at 12. However, privity is not an element of the litigation privilege, and as the Court held, Airbnb’s counsel were “participants” in the state-court litigation for the purposes of the privilege. to Airbnb, “issue preclusion does not require identical parties on both sides of the courtroom; rather, it applies when ‘asserted against one who was a party in the first suit or one in privity with that party.’” MTD Order at 14-15 (quoting Samara v. Matar, 5 Cal. 5th 322, 327 (2018)). As such, the Court held, “it is irrelevant whether Airbnb was a party or in privity with a party to the original action.” Id. at 15. The Court also rejected the contention that Mogan was not in privity with a party to the state action, holding:
[I]t is clear that [Mogan] was in privity with [his client] McCluskey. “[P]rivity requires the sharing of an identity or community of interest, with adequate representation of that interest in the first suit, and circumstances such that the nonparty should reasonably have expected to be bound by the first suit.” DKN Holdings [LLC v. Faerber, 61 Cal. 4th 813, 826 (2015)] (citation and quotation marks omitted). Mogan should have “expected to be bound” by the state court’s timeliness finding. The state court sanctioned him for moving to lift the stay on the basis that the timeliness of Airbnb’s payment was “fully known” to him at the time of filing, and he was admonished for accusing Airbnb’s counsel of misconduct and lying about the timeliness of the payment. After these repercussions, which implicated him personally, Mogan cannot be allowed to relitigate the factual allegations on the grounds that he did not expect to be bound by the state court’s decision. Id. at 14 (second citation omitted). Mogan suggests this leads to an unfair result because he previously had “no incentive to vigorously litigate the issue[s].” Mot. at 15 (emphasis omitted) (citing Roos v. Red, 130 Cal. App. 4th 870, 880 (2005)). This argument is without merit, as Mogan was not only litigating on behalf of a client in the prior proceeding, but he was also incentivized to advocate on his own behalf, given the personal admonition and sanctions assessed against him. MTD Order at 14. Regardless, his argument that he lacked an incentive to litigate vigorously is another new argument that is not properly considered here. Kona Enterprises, Inc., 229 F.3d at 890. Finally, Mogan contends the Court erred in granting judicial notice of records from judicial and arbitration proceedings, arguing that doing so required the Court to treat the matter as one for summary judgment under Rule 56. Mot. at 16-17. However, as explained in its previous order, the Court can judicially notice undisputed matters of public record like court filings, transcripts, and arbitration proceedings. MTD Order at 2. Contrary to Mogan’s argument that the Court Court’s decision exclusively relied on records from the state court action that were either directly relevant to the issues of issue preclusion and the litigation privilege or that Mogan referenced in his own complaint. As the Court ruled, the Court may properly consider judicially noticed exhibits for those purposes without converting the motion into one for summary judgment. MTD Order at 2-3; see also Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 688–89 (2001) (noting a court may consider records relied on by a complaint and matters of public record without converting a motion to dismiss into a motion for summary judgment). Additionally, judicial notice is proper at the motion to dismiss stage to “determine what issues were actually litigated” for preclusion purposes. Reyn’s Pasta Bella, LLC v. Visa USA, Inc., 442 F.3d 741, 746 n.6 (9th Cir. 2006) (taking judicial notice of court filings to determine what issues were actually litigated in prior action for purposes of issue preclusion); Holder v. Holder, 305 F.3d 854, 866 (9th Cir. 2002) (taking judicial notice of state court decision and related filed briefs for purposes of determining prior judgment’s preclusive effect). Accordingly, the Court denies Mogan’s motion as to the Airbnb Defendants. B. SRC Defendants Mogan brought one claim against the SRC Defendants for abuse of process. The Court granted the SRC Defendants’ motion to dismiss the claim under California’s Anti-SLAPP statute, Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 425.16, finding it was premised exclusively on litigation-related speech and activity and therefore privileged under California Civil Code section 47. MTD Order at 15-23. Mogan argues the Court committed error in granting the SRC Defendants’ motion because they did not introduce evidence of their original (unfiled) June 10, 2019 sanctions motion and related communications, yet the Court concluded those documents were covered by the anti- SLAPP statute as part of their representation of the Airbnb Defendants. Mot. at 3. Mogan contends the Court committed clear error because it “sua sponte considered the first sanctions motion in considering the first prong of the statute.” Id. The Court disagrees. First, there is no dispute that Mogan’s complaint includes allegations regarding the original motion. See Compl. ¶¶ 33-37; 59. Second, as part of their motion to dismiss, the SRC Defendants argued that all or not, are protected by the Anti-SLAPP statute. See ECF No. 16 at 7. This included the original letter and sanctions motion. See id. at 7-8 (quoting Compl. ¶ 37 (SRC Defendants “served Plaintiff the June 10, 2019 letter from Defendant Jacqueline Young at his office to force Plaintiff to choose between being extorted out of $25,047.70 by SRC Defendants or withdrawing the motion to lift stay because based on information and belief, no payment had been made by Airbnb Inc. on April 5, 2019 to the AAA.”); ¶ 59 (“Defendants’ conduct amounts to an abuse of process because [SRC] Defendants maliciously misused the first sanctions motion and letter sent over email and served upon Plaintiff at his office to accomplish a purpose not warranted by the law.”); ¶ 60 (“[SRC] Defendants’ conduct and fraudulent preparation and service of the letter and first sanctions motion was done intentionally and with the purpose and ulterior motive of delaying the California court hearing for Plaintiff’s motion to lift the stay…..”). Third, Mogan himself requested the Court take judicial notice of the original sanctions motion and related documents, see ECF No. 26-2, Exs. 1-4, a request which the Court granted, see MTD Order at 2-3. Accordingly, the Court finds no error. Mogan also argues “the First Amendment does not protect unethical and duplicitous conduct by lawyers,” and the SRC Defendants’ conduct in the underlying state court action “was done to intentionally deceive [him] as a party and the trial court.” Mot. at 3, 4. He argues the original sanctions motion amounts to an illegal “extortionate” demand that is not protected by the anti-SLAPP statute. Id. at 7-8. However, the Court considered this same argument at length in its order granting the SRC Defendants’ motion. MTD Order at 18-20. While Mogan may disagree with the Court’s reasoning, that is not a proper ground for relief under Rule 59(e). See Bey v. Malec, 2020 WL 3058336, at *2 (N.D. Cal. June 9, 2020), aff’d sub nom. Bey v. Cristiani, 2021 WL 3743867 (9th Cir. Aug. 24, 2021) (“While courts within the Ninth Circuit have not strictly defined what constitutes clear error for Rule 59(e) motions, courts have generally found that ‘mere doubts or disagreement about the wisdom of a prior decision of . . . [the] court will not suffice’ . . . . Rather, for there to be clear error, the previous decision must strike [a court] as more than just maybe or probably wrong; it must be dead wrong.”) (quoting Teamsters Loc. 617 Pension & 1 Bayer, 246 F.3d 1231, 1236-37 (9th Cir. 2001) (concluding that post-judgment amendment 2 “would simply grant [plaintiff] the forbidden second bite at the apple” and holding that the district 3 court did not err in denying the plaintiff's motion to reopen case under Rule 59 because the 4 plaintiff “offered no new evidence, nor did he claim any intervening change in law’’). 5 In sum, the Court finds Mogan has not overcome the high hurdles under Rule 59 which 6 warrant the granting of such a motion in extraordinary or highly unusual circumstances. 7 Accordingly, the Court denies Mogan’s motion as to the SRC Defendants. 8 Vv. CONCLUSION 9 For the reasons stated above, the Court DENIES Mogan’s motion for relief from 10 judgment. The time for filing a notice of appeal from the judgment begins to run when this denial ll is docketed. See Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(4)(A)(iv); Fed. R. Civ. P. 58(a)(4).
14 15 Dated: February 8, 2022 16 LU \ : joy □ Ur se S. HIXSON nited States Magistrate Judge 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28