[Cite as Modern Real Estate Invest. v. McIntyre, Kahn & Kruse, 2011-Ohio-3471.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 95870
MODERN REAL ESTATE INVEST., ET AL. PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS
vs.
McINTYRE, KAHN & KRUSE DEFENDANT-APPELLEE
JUDGMENT: REVERSED AND REMANDED
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CV-700729
BEFORE: Cooney, J., Sweeney, P.J., and S. Gallagher, J. 2
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 14, 2011 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS
Richard S. Koblentz Bryan L. Penvose Koblentz & Penvose, LLC 55 Public Square Suite 1170 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
John K. Lind The Hanna Building, Suite 1040 1422 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44115
COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, J.:
{¶ 1} Plaintiffs-appellants, Modern Real Estate Investments, LLC, Princess Anne,
LLC, Daleview, LLC, Lake Villa Real Estate, LLC, and Jamel White (collectively “Modern”),
appeal the trial court’s granting summary judgment in favor of defendant-appellee, McIntyre,
Kahn & Kruse Co., L.P.A. (“MKK”). Finding merit to the appeal, we reverse.
{¶ 2} As the sole member of Modern Real Estate Investments, LLC, Jamel White
(“White”) owned and operated four apartment buildings in the greater Cleveland area. After
purchasing the four apartment buildings for a total of $2.4 million, White discovered potential
wrongdoing in the form of fraud and collusion on the part of the bank, the appraiser, and the 3
real estate agent involved in the sale of the buildings. White hired MKK to represent Modern
in a suit against the bank, the appraiser, and the agent. White v. FirstMerit Bank, Cuyahoga
C.P. No. CV-649923.
{¶ 3} White could not afford to pay MKK an hourly fee, so they entered into a
contingency fee agreement. The agreement provided in part:
{¶ 4} “CLIENTS hereby retain ATTORNEYS to act on behalf of CLIENT in
recovering damages, by settlement, lawsuit or appeal. In consideration for the legal
representation of ATTORNEYS contemplated by this contract, and as compensation therefore,
CLIENTS agree to pay and hereby assign to ATTORNEYS, one-third (33 1/3%) of any
settlement or verdict recovered on behalf of CLIENTS, including any cash recovery and/or
present day value obtained by the restructuring or refinancing of CLIENT’S lending
agreements and/or personal guarantees.”
{¶ 5} During discovery, MKK and FirstMerit had two separate appraisers re-evaluate
the estimated worth of the buildings at the time White purchased them. MKK’s appraiser
estimated that the buildings had been worth at $1,455,000, while FirstMerit’s appraiser
estimated their worth $1,460,000. At the time of the suit, Modern still owed nearly $2
million on the loans with FirstMerit. 4
{¶ 6} The matter was eventually settled out of court. FirstMerit agreed to pay
Modern $150,000, while the appraiser and the real estate broker agreed to pay Modern
$100,000 each, for a total cash settlement of $350,000.
{¶ 7} After the settlement agreements were reached, Modern approached MKK to pay
the firm one-third of the settlement amount. However, MKK sought to collect not only
one-third of the $350,000 cash settlement, but also one-third of the so-called “debt relief” that
Modern had received. MKK claims that pursuant to the settlement agreement, Modern gave
FirstMerit the deeds to the apartments in exchange for $150,000 and $522,971.94 in “debt
relief,” for a total of $672,971.94. The debt relief figure is calculated by subtracting the
newly appraised actual value of the apartment buildings (FirstMerit’s appraisal) from the
outstanding balance on Modern’s loan.
{¶ 8} Modern filed suit against MKK in August 2009, seeking a declaratory
judgment. Modern argued that MKK was entitled to one-third of the cash settlement
received in the aforementioned litigation but was not entitled to one-third of the “debt relief.”
Modern moved for summary judgment. MKK filed counterclaims and moved for summary
judgment on the identical issue, arguing the debt relief was a part of the full value of the
settlement.
{¶ 9} The trial court granted summary judgment to MKK, finding that based on the
plain language of the fee agreement, MKK was entitled to one-third of the $522,971.94 in debt 5
relief, as well as one-third of the cash settlement. The court also found that the total of
$290,987.17 in attorney’s fees was neither unreasonable nor excessive.
{¶ 10} Modern now appeals, raising three assignments of error.
Summary Judgment
{¶ 11} In its first assignment of error, Modern argues that the trial court erred in
granting summary judgment to MKK.
{¶ 12} Appellate review of summary judgments is de novo. Grafton v. Ohio Edison
Co. (1996), 77 Ohio St.3d 102, 105, 671 N.E.2d 241. The Ohio Supreme Court stated the
appropriate test in Zivich v. Mentor Soccer Club (1998), 82 Ohio St.3d 367, 369-370, 696
N.E.2d 201, as follows:
{¶ 13} “Pursuant to Civ.R. 56, summary judgment is appropriate when (1) there is no
genuine issue of material fact, (2) the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law,
and (3) reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse to the
nonmoving party, said party being entitled to have the evidence construed most strongly in his
favor. Horton v. Harwick Chem. Corp. (1995), 73 Ohio St.3d 679, 653 N.E.2d 1196,
paragraph three of the syllabus. The party moving for summary judgment bears the burden
of showing that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law. Dresher v. Burt (1996), 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 292-293, 662 N.E.2d 264,
273-274.” 6
{¶ 14} Once the moving party satisfies its burden, the nonmoving party “may not rest
upon the mere allegations or denials of the party’s pleadings, but the party’s response, by
affidavit or as otherwise provided in this rule, must set forth specific facts showing that there
is a genuine issue for trial.” Civ.R. 56(E); Mootispaw v. Eckstein (1996), 76 Ohio St.3d 383,
385, 667 N.E.2d 1197.
{¶ 15} As an initial matter, we note that in the instant case, the issue of whether the
contingency agreement is unambiguous is not an issue. Modern and MKK stipulated that the
agreement is clear and unambiguous.
{¶ 16} Modern argues that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to MKK
because the language of the contingency agreement does not award one-third of any debt relief
to MKK. Whereas, MKK claims that it is entitled to one-third of the debt relief it negotiated
on behalf of Modern. MKK claims that the “debt relief” constitutes “refinancing and
restructuring” pursuant to the contingency fee agreement. The trial court agreed with MKK
and found that the contingency agreement entitled MKK to “any settlement or verdict
recovered” and that “debt relief” constitutes part of the settlement. We disagree.
{¶ 17} The contingency agreement states, in pertinent part, that MKK is entitled to
one-third “of any settlement or verdict recovered on behalf of CLIENTS, including any cash
recovery and/or present day value obtained by the restructuring or refinancing of CLIENT’S
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[Cite as Modern Real Estate Invest. v. McIntyre, Kahn & Kruse, 2011-Ohio-3471.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 95870
MODERN REAL ESTATE INVEST., ET AL. PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS
vs.
McINTYRE, KAHN & KRUSE DEFENDANT-APPELLEE
JUDGMENT: REVERSED AND REMANDED
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CV-700729
BEFORE: Cooney, J., Sweeney, P.J., and S. Gallagher, J. 2
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 14, 2011 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS
Richard S. Koblentz Bryan L. Penvose Koblentz & Penvose, LLC 55 Public Square Suite 1170 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
John K. Lind The Hanna Building, Suite 1040 1422 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44115
COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, J.:
{¶ 1} Plaintiffs-appellants, Modern Real Estate Investments, LLC, Princess Anne,
LLC, Daleview, LLC, Lake Villa Real Estate, LLC, and Jamel White (collectively “Modern”),
appeal the trial court’s granting summary judgment in favor of defendant-appellee, McIntyre,
Kahn & Kruse Co., L.P.A. (“MKK”). Finding merit to the appeal, we reverse.
{¶ 2} As the sole member of Modern Real Estate Investments, LLC, Jamel White
(“White”) owned and operated four apartment buildings in the greater Cleveland area. After
purchasing the four apartment buildings for a total of $2.4 million, White discovered potential
wrongdoing in the form of fraud and collusion on the part of the bank, the appraiser, and the 3
real estate agent involved in the sale of the buildings. White hired MKK to represent Modern
in a suit against the bank, the appraiser, and the agent. White v. FirstMerit Bank, Cuyahoga
C.P. No. CV-649923.
{¶ 3} White could not afford to pay MKK an hourly fee, so they entered into a
contingency fee agreement. The agreement provided in part:
{¶ 4} “CLIENTS hereby retain ATTORNEYS to act on behalf of CLIENT in
recovering damages, by settlement, lawsuit or appeal. In consideration for the legal
representation of ATTORNEYS contemplated by this contract, and as compensation therefore,
CLIENTS agree to pay and hereby assign to ATTORNEYS, one-third (33 1/3%) of any
settlement or verdict recovered on behalf of CLIENTS, including any cash recovery and/or
present day value obtained by the restructuring or refinancing of CLIENT’S lending
agreements and/or personal guarantees.”
{¶ 5} During discovery, MKK and FirstMerit had two separate appraisers re-evaluate
the estimated worth of the buildings at the time White purchased them. MKK’s appraiser
estimated that the buildings had been worth at $1,455,000, while FirstMerit’s appraiser
estimated their worth $1,460,000. At the time of the suit, Modern still owed nearly $2
million on the loans with FirstMerit. 4
{¶ 6} The matter was eventually settled out of court. FirstMerit agreed to pay
Modern $150,000, while the appraiser and the real estate broker agreed to pay Modern
$100,000 each, for a total cash settlement of $350,000.
{¶ 7} After the settlement agreements were reached, Modern approached MKK to pay
the firm one-third of the settlement amount. However, MKK sought to collect not only
one-third of the $350,000 cash settlement, but also one-third of the so-called “debt relief” that
Modern had received. MKK claims that pursuant to the settlement agreement, Modern gave
FirstMerit the deeds to the apartments in exchange for $150,000 and $522,971.94 in “debt
relief,” for a total of $672,971.94. The debt relief figure is calculated by subtracting the
newly appraised actual value of the apartment buildings (FirstMerit’s appraisal) from the
outstanding balance on Modern’s loan.
{¶ 8} Modern filed suit against MKK in August 2009, seeking a declaratory
judgment. Modern argued that MKK was entitled to one-third of the cash settlement
received in the aforementioned litigation but was not entitled to one-third of the “debt relief.”
Modern moved for summary judgment. MKK filed counterclaims and moved for summary
judgment on the identical issue, arguing the debt relief was a part of the full value of the
settlement.
{¶ 9} The trial court granted summary judgment to MKK, finding that based on the
plain language of the fee agreement, MKK was entitled to one-third of the $522,971.94 in debt 5
relief, as well as one-third of the cash settlement. The court also found that the total of
$290,987.17 in attorney’s fees was neither unreasonable nor excessive.
{¶ 10} Modern now appeals, raising three assignments of error.
Summary Judgment
{¶ 11} In its first assignment of error, Modern argues that the trial court erred in
granting summary judgment to MKK.
{¶ 12} Appellate review of summary judgments is de novo. Grafton v. Ohio Edison
Co. (1996), 77 Ohio St.3d 102, 105, 671 N.E.2d 241. The Ohio Supreme Court stated the
appropriate test in Zivich v. Mentor Soccer Club (1998), 82 Ohio St.3d 367, 369-370, 696
N.E.2d 201, as follows:
{¶ 13} “Pursuant to Civ.R. 56, summary judgment is appropriate when (1) there is no
genuine issue of material fact, (2) the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law,
and (3) reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse to the
nonmoving party, said party being entitled to have the evidence construed most strongly in his
favor. Horton v. Harwick Chem. Corp. (1995), 73 Ohio St.3d 679, 653 N.E.2d 1196,
paragraph three of the syllabus. The party moving for summary judgment bears the burden
of showing that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law. Dresher v. Burt (1996), 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 292-293, 662 N.E.2d 264,
273-274.” 6
{¶ 14} Once the moving party satisfies its burden, the nonmoving party “may not rest
upon the mere allegations or denials of the party’s pleadings, but the party’s response, by
affidavit or as otherwise provided in this rule, must set forth specific facts showing that there
is a genuine issue for trial.” Civ.R. 56(E); Mootispaw v. Eckstein (1996), 76 Ohio St.3d 383,
385, 667 N.E.2d 1197.
{¶ 15} As an initial matter, we note that in the instant case, the issue of whether the
contingency agreement is unambiguous is not an issue. Modern and MKK stipulated that the
agreement is clear and unambiguous.
{¶ 16} Modern argues that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to MKK
because the language of the contingency agreement does not award one-third of any debt relief
to MKK. Whereas, MKK claims that it is entitled to one-third of the debt relief it negotiated
on behalf of Modern. MKK claims that the “debt relief” constitutes “refinancing and
restructuring” pursuant to the contingency fee agreement. The trial court agreed with MKK
and found that the contingency agreement entitled MKK to “any settlement or verdict
recovered” and that “debt relief” constitutes part of the settlement. We disagree.
{¶ 17} The contingency agreement states, in pertinent part, that MKK is entitled to
one-third “of any settlement or verdict recovered on behalf of CLIENTS, including any cash
recovery and/or present day value obtained by the restructuring or refinancing of CLIENT’S
lending agreements and/or personal guarantees.” Nowhere in this agreement is any mention 7
made of debt relief or forgiveness. MKK’s calculation of the $522,971.94 of “debt relief” is
fairly complicated. If MKK had foreseen “debt relief” as part of the negotiated settlement, it
was well within its control to include such language in the contingency agreement it drafted
and to provide a formula for its calculation. However, the contingency agreement does not
contain clear language by which we can determine that the parties mutually agreed to include
the potential for “debt relief” in the calculation of applicable attorney fees.
{¶ 18} In addition, MKK did not “refinance” or “restructure” Modern’s loan with
FirstMerit. The settlement agreement with FirstMerit states, in pertinent part:
{¶ 19} “5. Upon the actual recording of the Quit Claim Deeds by FirstMerit,
FirstMerit agrees to release all Plaintiffs from their obligations under the promissory notes
referenced in the recitals of this Agreement, including all deficiencies, and to release Jamel M.
White of all obligations under the guaranties referenced in the recitals of this Agreement,
including all deficiencies.”
{¶ 20} No mention is made regarding the forgiveness of the outstanding balance on the
loan, nor is any mention made regarding “refinancing” or “restructuring.” In addition, no
mention is made of the remaining debt minus the newly appraised estimated value of the
apartments.
{¶ 21} Refinancing is defined in Black’s Law Dictionary as “[a]n exchange of an old
debt for a new debt, as by negotiating a different interest rate or term or by repaying the 8
existing loan with money acquired from a new loan.” To restructure is defined by Webster’s
Dictionary as “to change the makeup, organization, or pattern of.” The online Business
Dictionary defines loan restructuring as the:
{¶ 22} “Process by which an institutional lender (such as a bank) modifies or relaxes
the terms of a loan agreement to minimize the eventual loss by accommodating a borrower
who is financially incapable of meeting them. According to the US Financial Accounting
Standards Board standard 15 (FASB 15) restructuring of troubled loans (where no payment
has been made for 90 days or more) is classified as either a loan where (1) the borrower is
required to pledge additional assets as collateral, or (2) the terms of the loan agreement are
modified to include, among other changes, (a) provision for outright foreclosure on the loan
without applying to the courts, (b) reduction in the applicable interest-rate, (c) extension of the
loan period, (d) acceptance of interest-only payments for a specified period, and/or (e)
forgiveness of a part of the principal and/or accrued interest amount.”
{¶ 23} Each of these definitions supports the conclusion that releasing an individual or
a company from obligations under a loan or promissory note does not constitute refinancing or
restructuring. Releasing a loan obligation terminates the outstanding balance, whereas,
refinancing or restructuring indicates that the loan is ongoing in a modified form. The
settlement agreement clearly illustrates that the intention was to release Modern of all
“obligations” and “deficiencies” associated with the promissory notes for the apartment 9
buildings. Had the loans been restructured or refinanced they would still exist. FirstMerit
terminated the loans and Modern’s obligations in exchange for the deeds and the cash
{¶ 24} Thus, we find that Modern’s settlement agreement does not contain any award
of debt forgiveness, nor does the contingency agreement contain any language regarding debt
relief, loan forgiveness, or outright release. Therefore, no fee can be awarded from the
termination of Modern’s obligations to FirstMerit, and the only fee to which MKK is entitled
is one-third of the $350,000 cash settlement Modern received.
{¶ 25} Accordingly, the first assignment of error is sustained. Thus, the remaining
assignments of error are moot. See App.R. 12(A)(1)(c). 1
Judgment reversed.
This cause is reversed and remanded to the lower court for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion.
It is ordered that appellants recover of said appellee costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
The remaining assignments of error are set forth in the appendix. 1 10
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
__________________________________________ COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, JUDGE
JAMES J. SWEENEY, P.J., and SEAN C. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR APPENDIX
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR #2: THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN DETERMINING THAT THE ATTORNEYS FEES SOUGHT BY AND AWARDED TO APPELLEE MKK WERE NEITHER UNREASONABLE NOR EXCESSIVE.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR #3: THE TRIAL ERRED IN GRANTING PREJUDGMENT INTEREST.