1 2 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 3 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 4 * * * 5 Case No. 2:22-cv-01218-JCM-BNW 6 MMSP, LLC, et al., 7 Plaintiffs, ORDER 8 v. 9 Minta Mae Stovall, et al., 10 Defendants. 11 12 Before the Court is Plaintiffs’ motion for service by publication and to extend the time for 13 service. ECF No. 154. Defendants opposed at ECF No. 155. Because Plaintiffs meet the 14 requirements for service by publication and because good cause exists for the requested 15 extension, the Court grants Plaintiffs’ motion. 16 I. BACKGROUND 17 Plaintiff MMSP is a company that provided financial and administrative services to 18 Defendants Ms. Stovall and her trust. ECF No. 109. MMSP alleges that Ms. Stovall breached the 19 parties’ consulting services agreement as well as the parties’ amended and restated secured loan 20 agreement and promissory note. Id. at 6–9. MMSP further alleges that Ms. Stovall owes it over 21 $1,000,000 for loans, advances, and services. Id. at 9. Ms. Stovall filed a counterclaim, in which 22 she named Gerald Alderson, her financial planner at MMSP, as a third-party defendant and 23 alleged claims of elder abuse, breach of fiduciary duty, conversion, and fraud against him. ECF 24 No. 64 at 3. 25 As part of the discovery process, Plaintiffs conducted a deposition of Ms. Stovall. See 26 ECF No. 154-1, Ex. G. At the deposition, Ms. Stovall stated that she “would have had a problem” 27 if Susanna Pettis, her daughter, asked Mr. Alderson for money. Id. Based on this testimony, 1 argued that because Ms. Pettis received money and loans from MMSP without Ms. Stovall’s 2 authorization, Ms. Pettis would be liable for all or part of the allegedly stolen funds should Ms. 3 Stovall succeed on her fraud claim. ECF No. 65 at 9. This Court granted Plaintiffs’ motion to 4 amend. ECF No. 106. Plaintiffs’ first-amended complaint was filed on May 16, 2024. ECF No. 5 109. 6 In his declaration, Mr. Alderson stated that both Ms. Pettis and Ms. Stovall told him that 7 Ms. Pettis alternated residing at Ms. Stovall’s home in Grass Valley, California, and the home of 8 Ms. Pettis’ children’s father, Ashok Janah, in San Francisco. ECF No. 154-1, Ex. A. On May 31, 9 2024, a process server attempted to serve Ms. Pettis with the first-amended complaint and 10 summons at the Grass Valley home. Id., Ex. C. The process server noted that two cars were 11 parked near the home, but no one answered the door. Id. Plaintiffs attempted to serve Ms. Pettis 12 three more times at the Grass Valley home: on June 1, 2024; on June 4, 2024; and on June 7, 13 2024. Id. Plaintiffs then attempted to serve Ms. Pettis at the San Francisco home. Id., Ex. D. 14 Plaintiffs attempted service six times here: on July 10, 2024; on July 11, 2024; on July 12, 2024; 15 on July 13, 2024; on July 15, 2024; and on July 16, 2024. Id. Finally, on July 30, 2024, Plaintiffs 16 directed a process server to leave a copy of the first-amended complaint and summons on the 17 doorstep of the San Francisco home. Id., Ex. E. The public records search shows that, through 18 September 30, 2024, Ms. Pettis’ current address was the San Francisco home, however, Mr. Janah 19 denies that Ms. Pettis has lived at his San Fransisco home in the past two years. Id., Ex. B; ECF 20 No. 155 at 4. The public records search listed the Grass Valley home as Ms. Pettis’ previous 21 address. ECF No. 154-1, Ex. B. 22 In early October, Plaintiffs filed proof of service with the Court. ECF No. 137. Plaintiffs 23 stated that Ms. Pettis was served by substituted service when the process server left a copy of the 24 first-amended complaint and summons at the San Francisco home, which, at the time the 25 documents were left, was the current address of Ms. Pettis according to a public records search. 26 Id. A few weeks later, Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the claims against Ms. Pettis. ECF 27 No. 143. They argued that the substituted service of Ms. Pettis was invalid because she did not 1 Susanna Pettis); ECF No. 143-2 (Declaration of Ashok Janah). Because the substituted service 2 was invalid, Defendants further argued that Plaintiffs did not timely serve Ms. Pettis under 3 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m). Id. 4 In early December, Plaintiffs moved to serve Ms. Pettis by publication. ECF No. 154. 5 Plaintiffs maintain that Ms. Pettis was properly served by substitute service, however, they “move 6 for an order to serve the FAC on Pettis by publication so that the issue of service can be settled 7 definitively and this matter can move forward with all necessary and proper parties without 8 further delay.” Id. at 1. Defendants oppose and argue that Plaintiffs were not reasonably diligent 9 in attempting to serve Ms. Pettis and that she is not a necessary party to this action. ECF No. 155. 10 This Court entered its order before Plaintiffs’ reply was due. 11 II. ANALYSIS 12 A. Service by Publication 13 The Constitution does not require any particular means of service of process. Rio Props., 14 Inc. v. Rio Intern. Interlink, 284 F.3d 1007, 1017 (9th Cir. 2002) (citing Mullane v. Central Hanover 15 Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306, 314 (1950)). Instead, it requires only that service “be reasonably 16 calculated to provide notice and an opportunity to respond.” Id. To that end, service of process is 17 governed by Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. 18 Rule 4(e) governs service of individuals located within a judicial district of the United 19 States. Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(e). It provides that service is proper by serving an individual in 20 accordance with law of the state where the district court is located. Id. This Court is located in the 21 District of Nevada. The Nevada Rules of Civil Procedure allow for service of individuals outside 22 of Nevada but within the United States: “A party may serve process outside Nevada, but within the 23 United States, in the same manner as provided in Rule 4.2(a) for serving such a defendant within 24 Nevada, or as prescribed by the law of the place where the defendant is served.” Nev. R. Civ. P. 25 4.3(a)(1). Plaintiffs move for service by publication under the laws of California, where Ms. Pettis 26 resides. ECF No. 154 at 4. 27 Section 415.50 of the California Code of Civil Procedure (“C.C.P.”) permits service by [1] upon affidavit it appears to the satisfaction of the court in which the action is pending 1 that the party to be served cannot with reasonable diligence be served in another manner specified in this article and . . . [2] A cause of action exists against the party upon whom 2 service is to be made or he or she is a necessary or proper party to the action. 3 C.C.P. § 415.50(a). The Court addresses each requirement in turn. 4 1. Plaintiffs have used reasonable diligence in attempting to serve Ms. Pettis. 5 The general test for reasonable diligence is whether the plaintiff “took those steps which a 6 reasonable person who truly desired to give notice would have taken under the circumstances.” 7 Donel, Inc. v. Badalian, 150 Cal. Rptr. 855, 859 (Cal. Ct. App. 1978). A party likely meets this 8 test if it shows, by affidavit, that it attempted numerous times in good faith to serve the defendant. 9 Rios v. Singh, 280 Cal. Rptr. 3d 404, 411 (Cal. Ct. App. 2021); see also Rodriguez v. Cho, 187 10 Cal. Rptr. 3d 227, 233 (Cal. Ct. App.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
1 2 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 3 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 4 * * * 5 Case No. 2:22-cv-01218-JCM-BNW 6 MMSP, LLC, et al., 7 Plaintiffs, ORDER 8 v. 9 Minta Mae Stovall, et al., 10 Defendants. 11 12 Before the Court is Plaintiffs’ motion for service by publication and to extend the time for 13 service. ECF No. 154. Defendants opposed at ECF No. 155. Because Plaintiffs meet the 14 requirements for service by publication and because good cause exists for the requested 15 extension, the Court grants Plaintiffs’ motion. 16 I. BACKGROUND 17 Plaintiff MMSP is a company that provided financial and administrative services to 18 Defendants Ms. Stovall and her trust. ECF No. 109. MMSP alleges that Ms. Stovall breached the 19 parties’ consulting services agreement as well as the parties’ amended and restated secured loan 20 agreement and promissory note. Id. at 6–9. MMSP further alleges that Ms. Stovall owes it over 21 $1,000,000 for loans, advances, and services. Id. at 9. Ms. Stovall filed a counterclaim, in which 22 she named Gerald Alderson, her financial planner at MMSP, as a third-party defendant and 23 alleged claims of elder abuse, breach of fiduciary duty, conversion, and fraud against him. ECF 24 No. 64 at 3. 25 As part of the discovery process, Plaintiffs conducted a deposition of Ms. Stovall. See 26 ECF No. 154-1, Ex. G. At the deposition, Ms. Stovall stated that she “would have had a problem” 27 if Susanna Pettis, her daughter, asked Mr. Alderson for money. Id. Based on this testimony, 1 argued that because Ms. Pettis received money and loans from MMSP without Ms. Stovall’s 2 authorization, Ms. Pettis would be liable for all or part of the allegedly stolen funds should Ms. 3 Stovall succeed on her fraud claim. ECF No. 65 at 9. This Court granted Plaintiffs’ motion to 4 amend. ECF No. 106. Plaintiffs’ first-amended complaint was filed on May 16, 2024. ECF No. 5 109. 6 In his declaration, Mr. Alderson stated that both Ms. Pettis and Ms. Stovall told him that 7 Ms. Pettis alternated residing at Ms. Stovall’s home in Grass Valley, California, and the home of 8 Ms. Pettis’ children’s father, Ashok Janah, in San Francisco. ECF No. 154-1, Ex. A. On May 31, 9 2024, a process server attempted to serve Ms. Pettis with the first-amended complaint and 10 summons at the Grass Valley home. Id., Ex. C. The process server noted that two cars were 11 parked near the home, but no one answered the door. Id. Plaintiffs attempted to serve Ms. Pettis 12 three more times at the Grass Valley home: on June 1, 2024; on June 4, 2024; and on June 7, 13 2024. Id. Plaintiffs then attempted to serve Ms. Pettis at the San Francisco home. Id., Ex. D. 14 Plaintiffs attempted service six times here: on July 10, 2024; on July 11, 2024; on July 12, 2024; 15 on July 13, 2024; on July 15, 2024; and on July 16, 2024. Id. Finally, on July 30, 2024, Plaintiffs 16 directed a process server to leave a copy of the first-amended complaint and summons on the 17 doorstep of the San Francisco home. Id., Ex. E. The public records search shows that, through 18 September 30, 2024, Ms. Pettis’ current address was the San Francisco home, however, Mr. Janah 19 denies that Ms. Pettis has lived at his San Fransisco home in the past two years. Id., Ex. B; ECF 20 No. 155 at 4. The public records search listed the Grass Valley home as Ms. Pettis’ previous 21 address. ECF No. 154-1, Ex. B. 22 In early October, Plaintiffs filed proof of service with the Court. ECF No. 137. Plaintiffs 23 stated that Ms. Pettis was served by substituted service when the process server left a copy of the 24 first-amended complaint and summons at the San Francisco home, which, at the time the 25 documents were left, was the current address of Ms. Pettis according to a public records search. 26 Id. A few weeks later, Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the claims against Ms. Pettis. ECF 27 No. 143. They argued that the substituted service of Ms. Pettis was invalid because she did not 1 Susanna Pettis); ECF No. 143-2 (Declaration of Ashok Janah). Because the substituted service 2 was invalid, Defendants further argued that Plaintiffs did not timely serve Ms. Pettis under 3 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m). Id. 4 In early December, Plaintiffs moved to serve Ms. Pettis by publication. ECF No. 154. 5 Plaintiffs maintain that Ms. Pettis was properly served by substitute service, however, they “move 6 for an order to serve the FAC on Pettis by publication so that the issue of service can be settled 7 definitively and this matter can move forward with all necessary and proper parties without 8 further delay.” Id. at 1. Defendants oppose and argue that Plaintiffs were not reasonably diligent 9 in attempting to serve Ms. Pettis and that she is not a necessary party to this action. ECF No. 155. 10 This Court entered its order before Plaintiffs’ reply was due. 11 II. ANALYSIS 12 A. Service by Publication 13 The Constitution does not require any particular means of service of process. Rio Props., 14 Inc. v. Rio Intern. Interlink, 284 F.3d 1007, 1017 (9th Cir. 2002) (citing Mullane v. Central Hanover 15 Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306, 314 (1950)). Instead, it requires only that service “be reasonably 16 calculated to provide notice and an opportunity to respond.” Id. To that end, service of process is 17 governed by Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. 18 Rule 4(e) governs service of individuals located within a judicial district of the United 19 States. Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(e). It provides that service is proper by serving an individual in 20 accordance with law of the state where the district court is located. Id. This Court is located in the 21 District of Nevada. The Nevada Rules of Civil Procedure allow for service of individuals outside 22 of Nevada but within the United States: “A party may serve process outside Nevada, but within the 23 United States, in the same manner as provided in Rule 4.2(a) for serving such a defendant within 24 Nevada, or as prescribed by the law of the place where the defendant is served.” Nev. R. Civ. P. 25 4.3(a)(1). Plaintiffs move for service by publication under the laws of California, where Ms. Pettis 26 resides. ECF No. 154 at 4. 27 Section 415.50 of the California Code of Civil Procedure (“C.C.P.”) permits service by [1] upon affidavit it appears to the satisfaction of the court in which the action is pending 1 that the party to be served cannot with reasonable diligence be served in another manner specified in this article and . . . [2] A cause of action exists against the party upon whom 2 service is to be made or he or she is a necessary or proper party to the action. 3 C.C.P. § 415.50(a). The Court addresses each requirement in turn. 4 1. Plaintiffs have used reasonable diligence in attempting to serve Ms. Pettis. 5 The general test for reasonable diligence is whether the plaintiff “took those steps which a 6 reasonable person who truly desired to give notice would have taken under the circumstances.” 7 Donel, Inc. v. Badalian, 150 Cal. Rptr. 855, 859 (Cal. Ct. App. 1978). A party likely meets this 8 test if it shows, by affidavit, that it attempted numerous times in good faith to serve the defendant. 9 Rios v. Singh, 280 Cal. Rptr. 3d 404, 411 (Cal. Ct. App. 2021); see also Rodriguez v. Cho, 187 10 Cal. Rptr. 3d 227, 233 (Cal. Ct. App. 2015) (“Two or three attempts to personally serve a 11 defendant at a proper place ordinarily qualifies as ‘reasonable diligence.’”) (citation omitted). “In 12 addition to attempting personal service, courts also require attempts to serve the defendant by at 13 least one other method.” Indian Hills Holdings, LLC v. Frye, 337 F.R.D. 293, 301 (S.D. Cal. 14 2020) (citing Donel, Inc., 150 Cal. Rptr. at 855). Courts “require an exercise of reasonable 15 diligence to locate a person in order to give him notice before resorting to the fictional notice 16 afforded by publication.” Donel, Inc., 150 Cal. Rptr. at 858. 17 Here, Plaintiffs have met the reasonable diligence requirement because they attempted 18 personal service ten times at two different locations, conducted substitute service, and because 19 Ms. Pettis has actual notice of the lawsuit. Plaintiffs diligently attempted to locate and serve Ms. 20 Pettis. According to Mr. Alderson, Defendants’ financial advisor, both Ms. Stovall and Ms. Pettis 21 told him that Ms. Pettis alternated residing at Ms. Stovall’s home (Grass Valley) and Mr. Janah’s 22 home (San Francisco). ECF No. 154-1, Ex. A. Mr. Alderson further stated that Ms. Pettis used the 23 San Francisco home to receive mail and deliveries, and that he had personally delivered items to 24 Ms. Pettis at the San Francisco home. Id. The public records search lists the San Francisco home 25 as Ms. Pettis’ current address and the Grass Valley home as her previous address. Id., Ex. B. 26 Moreover, bank account records and credit reporting agencies list the San Francisco home as Ms. 27 Pettis’ current address. Id., Ex. H. However, Ms. Pettis and Mr. Janah both submitted declarations 1 stating that Ms. Pettis has not lived at the San Francisco home for at least two years. ECF No. 2 155-2, Ex. B. 3 In light of all the evidence, the declarations by Ms. Pettis and Mr. Janah do not undermine 4 Plaintiffs’ diligence in ascertaining Ms. Pettis’ whereabouts and attempting service at those 5 locations. Indeed, Plaintiffs attempted service ten times, with four of those times being at the 6 Grass Valley home, where Ms. Pettis presumably resides. Additionally, Ms. Pettis has actual 7 knowledge of the complaint against her. Ms. Pettis has resided and likely still resides with her 8 mother, Ms. Stovall, who is a defendant in this action. Ms. Pettis also moved to dismiss the 9 claims against her and to oppose the present motion. So, the concerns about notice that usually 10 accompany service by publication are not present here. The Court now turns to the second 11 requirement under C.C.P. § 415.50(a). 12 2. A cause of action exists against Ms. Pettis. 13 “An application for an order of publication must be accompanied by an affidavit stating 14 facts from which the trial court can draw the conclusion that the plaintiff has a cause of action 15 against the defendant.” Rios v. Singh, 280 Cal. Rptr. 3d 404, 414 (Cal. Ct. App. 2021). The Court 16 is familiar with Plaintiffs’ arguments regarding Ms. Pettis’ relation to the cause of action. As 17 discussed above, this Court granted Plaintiffs’ leave to amend to add Ms. Pettis as a party to the 18 action. 19 Here, Plaintiffs attached a portion of Ms. Stovall’s deposition transcript, which provides 20 facts from which this Court can conclude that Plaintiffs have a cause of action against Ms. Pettis 21 for conversion and equitable indemnity. ECF No. 154-1, Ex. G. According to MMSP, it advanced 22 money to Ms. Pettis so that she could pay for Ms. Stovall’s living and other expenses. ECF No. 23 154 at 6. Ms. Stovall was to repay this money to MMSP via their loan agreements. Id. Yet, at the 24 deposition, Ms. Stovall stated that she did not authorize funds to be distributed to Ms. Pettis and 25 that the advances were not used to pay for her living expenses. Id. Based on these facts, the Court 26 can determine that MMSP has a cause of action against Ms. Pettis and that she is a necessary 27 party to the action. 1 In sum, this Court will grant Plaintiffs’ motion to serve Ms. Pettis by publication in 2 accordance with C.C.P. § 415.50 and Federal Rule 4(e)(1). Service by publication is necessary 3 given Plaintiffs’ numerous attempts to serve Ms. Pettis, which she seems to have evaded. 4 However, consistent with C.C.P. § 415.50(b)–(d), this Court will also order that Plaintiffs mail a 5 copy of the summons and first-amended complaint to Ms. Pettis at the Grass Valley home. 6 B. Extending the Time to Serve 7 Rule 4 provides that the plaintiff must serve the defendant “within 90 days after the 8 complaint is filed.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m). Rule 4(m) requires a two-step analysis to determine 9 whether to extend the time for service. In re Sheehan, 253 F.3d 507, 512 (9th Cir. 2001). At the 10 first step, the Court “must” extend the time for service “upon a showing of good cause.” Lemoge 11 v. United States, 587 F.3d 1188, 1198 (9th Cir. 2009). At the second step, the Court “may” extend 12 the time for service “upon a showing of excusable neglect.” In re Sheehan, 253 F.3d at 512. 13 Courts must determine on a case-by-case basis whether the serving party has shown good 14 cause. Id. Generally, good cause is equated with diligence, and it requires more than the mere 15 inadvertence of counsel. Townsel v. Contra Costa Cnty., Cal., 820 F.2d 319, 320 (9th Cir. 1987). 16 To determine whether good cause exists, the Court can analyze whether: (1) the party to be served 17 personally received actual notice of the lawsuit; (2) defendant would suffer no prejudice by the 18 extension; and (3) plaintiff would be severely prejudiced if his complaint were dismissed. In re 19 Sheehan, 253 F.3d at 512. 20 Here, the Court finds that Plaintiffs have shown good cause for their requested extension. 21 Plaintiffs filed their first-amended complaint on May 16, 2024. ECF No. 109. The 90-day 22 deadline for service expired on August 14, 2024. Before this date, Plaintiffs attempted service ten 23 times at Ms. Pettis’ two known addresses, as well as substituted service at her currently listed 24 address. ECF No. 154-1, Exs. C and D. Additionally, Plaintiffs maintain that they properly 25 effectuated service before the deadline. ECF No. 154 at 5. Thus, Plaintiffs have been diligent. The 26 Court now turns to the three Sheehan factors. 27 The first factor weighs in favor of good cause because the record shows that Ms. Pettis 1 defendant to this action, Ms. Stovall, for the past few years. Moreover, Ms. Pettis moved to 2 dismiss the claims against her for untimely service and opposed the present motion. 3 The second factor weighs in favor of good cause because the record shows that any delay 4 in service likely resulted from Ms. Pettis’ behavior. Defendants argue that they will be prejudiced 5 because Ms. Stovall is aging and in poor health and because Ms. Pettis will not have much time to 6 conduct discovery. ECF No. 155 at 8. However, Ms. Pettis’ behavior suggests that she is evading 7 service. This behavior has prolonged the case, which seems to contradict Defendants’ arguments 8 surrounding Ms. Stovall’s health and the discovery deadline. Plaintiffs argue that Defendants are 9 not prejudiced because (1) Plaintiffs served Ms. Pettis via substituted service; (2) Ms. Pettis has 10 actual notice of this action; and (3) any delay in service was a result of her gamesmanship. The 11 Court finds these arguments persuasive. 12 The third factor only slightly weighs in favor of good cause because though Plaintiffs 13 would be prejudiced by delaying their claims against Ms. Pettis, those claims would not be time 14 barred. ECF No. 154 at 8; ECF No. 155 at 8. Given Plaintiffs’ diligence, Ms. Pettis’ likely 15 evasive behavior, and the above factors, the Court finds good cause to grant Plaintiffs’ requested 16 extension. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m). Because the Court finds that there is good cause at the first 17 step, the Court need not advance to the second step. 18 III. CONCLUSION 19 IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Plaintiffs’ motion (ECF No. 154) is GRANTED. 20 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that service of the summons and first-amended complaint 21 in this action on Defendant Susanna I. Pettis shall be accomplished by publication in the Grass 22 Valley Union or some other newspaper of general circulation for Nevada County, California. The 23 publication shall be made once a week for four weeks. Service will be deemed complete four 24 weeks from the date of the first publication. 25 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that a copy of the summons, the first-amended complaint, 26 and this order must be mailed to Defendant Susanna I. Pettis at Ms. Stovall’s home in Grass 27 Valley, California. Moreover, this order does not preclude service upon Defendant Susanna I. 1 || Procedure, or California Code of Civil Procedure, which service supersedes the service by 2 || publication. 3 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED Plaintiffs will have an additional sixty days from the date 4 || of the entry of this order to effect service of the summons and the first-amended complaint on 5 || Defendant Susanna I. Pettis. 6 7 DATED this 23rd day of December 2024. 8 9 LK, tae ban BRENDA WEKSLER 10 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 1] 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28