Miner v. Inhabs. of the Town of Benton

Superior Court of Maine·Decided December 31, 2008·No. KENap-06-77·Unpublished

Opinion

STATE OF MAINE SUPERIOR COURT KENNEBEC, ss. CIVIL ACTION Docket No. AP-06-:?7

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JANlES MORGAN MINER and LOUISA MINER,

Plaintiffs

v. DECISION AND ORDER

INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN OF BENTON, et al,

Defendants and Interested Parties

Pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. BOB, the plaintiffs seek judicial review of an October 19, 2006 decision of the Board of Appeals for the Town of Benton (Board). The Board upheld decisions by the Code Enforcement Officer (CEO) for the Town to issue land use permits to (1) Lance Shores and Nichole Higgins, and (2) Debra Hood.! (See R. Index 5, Tabs I, 2).) Proper issuance of a land use permit requires compliance with a Benton ordinance, which states that "[n]o land use permit shall be issued to erect any structure on a lot without required frontage on a public way." Benton, Me., Land Use Ordinance, § VIII(A)(I). The ordinance further provides that an access road "constructed within [a] right-of-way deeded in favor of the lot(s) to be developed" may be provided in place of frontage on a public road. 2 Id. at § VIII(A)(I)(a). Because the deed by which Debra Hood acquired her property did not include the grant of a right-of-way/ whether the CEO's decision to issue Debra Hood the permit was proper depended upon the

1 Plaintiffs are not seeking review of the Board's decision with regard to Lance Shores and Nichole

Higgins's land use permit. (Pis.' Br. at 5 n.2.) 2 At the hearing before the Board, both parties agreed to apply section VIII(A)(1)(i) of the Benton Ordinance, which requires that the right-of-way "be a minimum of 20 feet in width." (R. Index 1 at 1-2.) 3 (R. Index 5, Tab 5.)

existence of a public right-of-way to her property. Before the Board, the CEO testified to her determination that a public right-of-way existed over Stagecoach Lane,4 based upon an opinion letter by an attorney for the permittees, documents referenced in that letter, and upon an examination of the site itself. (R. Index 2 at 2.) The plaintiffs acquired their property, which abuts the western entrance of Stagecoach Lane, on October 29, 1988 by warranty deed. s They argued that Stagecoach Lane had been discontinued. The Board found that the plaintiffs had "not carried their burden to present 'substantial evidence' that the pertinent road sections had been discontinued." (R. Index 1 at 3.) For the following reasons, the Board's decision is affirmed. STANDARD OF REVIEW On an appeal pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 80B, the record is examined to determine if the Board abused its discretion, committed errors of law, or made findings that are not supported by substantial evidence in the record. Tinsman v. Town of Falmouth, 2004 ME 2, <[ 8, 840 A.2d 100, 103. The substantial evidence standard requires the court "to examine the entire record to determine whether on the basis of all the testimony and exhibits before the [Board] it could fairly and reasonably find the facts as it did." Seven Islands Land Co. v. Maine Land Use Regulation Comm'n, 450 A.2d 475, 479 (Me. 1982) (citations omitted). "[T]he fact that two inconsistent conclusions can be drawn from the evidence does not mean that a Board's finding is unsupported by substantial evidence." Conservation Law Found., Inc. v. Town of Lincolnville, 2001 ME 175, <[ 6, 786 A.2d 616, 619. To prevail on appeal, the plaintiffs must demonstrate "not only that the Board's findings are unsupported by record evidence, but also that the record compels contrary findings." Total Quality, Inc. v. Town of Scarborough, 588 A.2d 283, 284 (Me. 1991).

4 "Stagecoach Lane" is a portion of what was once referred to as "Old Albion Road." (See R. Index 5, Tab 15 at 7, 9.) 5 (See R. Index 5, Tab 6).

The burden of persuaSIOn rests with plaintiffs, who seek to overturn the Board's decision. See Mack v. Mun. Officers of the Town of Cape Elizabeth, 463 A.2d 717, 720 (Me. 1983). Interpretation of the language of a local ordinance is a question of law that is reviewed de novo. Isis Dev., LLC v. Town of Wells, 2003 ME 149, <f[ 3, 836 A.2d 1285, 1287.

DISCUSSION The plaintiffs' argument before the Board, now pressed on appeal, is that

Stagecoach Lane was closed and discontinued by the County Commissioners in 1949,

II

or in the alternative was abandoned by the Town as early as 1938." (PIs.' R Br. at 3.) Accordingly, plaintiffs argue, the Board's finding to the contrary is clearly erroneous, and Debra Hood does not have the public right-of-way access to her property required by ordinance.

The county commissioners had the power to discontinue Stagecoach Lane. RS.

ch. 79, § 32 (1944);6 see Town of Fayette v. Manter, 528 A.2d 887, 889 (Me. 1987). To support their contention that Stagecoach Lane was discontinued in 1949, plaintiffs point to a 1949 petition by the Benton selectmen to the commissioners of Kennebec County. (See R Index 6 (Exs. 2-4).) In March 1949, the Town placed two articles on an annual Benton town meeting "to see if the town will vote to discontinue" the road sections

6 Section 32 reild ilS follows:

County commissioners may lily out, alter, or discontinue highwilYs leilding from town to towll, ilnd grade hills in ilny such highway. Nothing in any city chilrter shilll be so construed as to deprive them of the power to lily out, alter, or discontinue county fOilds within the limits thereof. Responsible persons milY present, at their regular session, il wri tten petition describing a way and stating whether its location, alteriltion, grilding, or discontinuilnce is desired, or illl alternative action, in whole or in pmt. The commissioners milY act upon it, conforming .substantiillly to the description, without ildhering strictly to its bounds.

pertinent to this appeaF (R. Index 6 (Ex. 3, Articles 37 and 38).) The articles provide that there had been "difficulties on discontinuing these roads such as property rights and management," and the selectmen were "granted authority to see what they can do." (Id.) Thereafter, a petition by the selectman to "close" the road sections was granted by the commissioners and recorded in the August 9, 1949 report. (R. Index 6 (Ex. 4).)

In this case, the Board, noted that the selectmen had used and understood the term "discontinue" when they petitioned to "close" the road sections. The Board found that the plaintiffs had not carried their burden to prove that the "pertinent road sections had been discontinued." (R. Index 1 at 3.) In 1949, the selectmen chose to "close" the road, after noting the difficulties associated with "discontinuing" the road, and petitioned the commissioners accordingly. The record does not compel a finding that the commissioners intended to "discontinue" the road. See, ~ Manter, 528 A.2d at 889 (report "must be presumed to have the operative consequences apparently intended by the Commissioners").

Regarding abandonment, the Board found that even assuming

that the road sections pertinent to this appeal had not been maintained by the Town for a continuous period of 30 years following the 1949 report, abandonment of the road sections would not have occurred until 1979. In that event, a public easement in the old road sections 66 feet in width would have been retained. See 23 M.R.S.A. §3026(l).

(R. Index 1 at 3-4.)

By statute, a road is presumed to be abandoned 8 when a town makes no expenditures on the road for 30 consecutive years. 23 M.R.S. § 3028; see Town of S.

7 Specifically, "that part of the Old Albion Road, so-called, starting at the Lord Road, so-called, over Denico Hill to the present intersection with the Albion Road." (R. Index 6 (Ex. 3, Articles 37 and 38).) 8 A way that has been abandoned "is relegated to the same status as it would have had after a discontinuance pursuant to section 3026." 23 M.R.S. § 3028.

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