Miller v. Batesville Casket Co.

219 F.R.D. 56, 2003 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 22461, 2003 WL 22955913
CourtDistrict Court, E.D. New York
DecidedDecember 15, 2003
DocketNo. 02-CV-5612(ADS)(ARL)
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 219 F.R.D. 56 (Miller v. Batesville Casket Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, E.D. New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Miller v. Batesville Casket Co., 219 F.R.D. 56, 2003 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 22461, 2003 WL 22955913 (E.D.N.Y. 2003).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM OF DECISION AND ORDER

SPATT, District Judge.

This case arises out of claims by Felice Miller (“Miller” or the “plaintiff”) that her employer, the Batesville Casket Company, Inc. (“Batesville Casket” or the “defendant”) discriminated against her on the basis of her sex in violation of the New York State Human Rights Law, New York Executive Law (“NYSHRL”), § 290 et seq. This action was commenced in Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Nassau and subsequently removed by the defendant to the Eastern District of New York pursuant to diversity jurisdiction. Presently before the Court is the defendant’s motion to transfer the venue of this action to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a).

I. FACTS

The following facts are relevant to the issues presently before the Court. The plaintiff is domiciled and resides in the State of New York. Batesville Casket is an Indiana Corporation with its headquarters in Bates-ville, Indiana and is engaged in the design, manufacture, distribution, marketing and sale of burial related products. On or about February 28, 2000, Batesville Casket and the plaintiff entered into an “Employment Contract for At-Will Employee of Batesville Casket” (the “Employment Agreement”) pursuant to which the plaintiff was employed, and continues to be employed, as a sales representative in the Counties of Nassau and Suffolk, State of New York. The Employment Agreement contains a forum selection clause, which provides in pertinent part that:

[T]he parties agree that any claim of any type brought by the Representative against the Company or any of its employees or agents must be maintained only in a court sitting in Marion County, Indiana, or Ripley County, Indiana, or, if a federal court, the Southern District of Indiana, Indianapolis Division.

The Employee Agreement further provides that it

shall be governed by, construed by, and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of Indiana. The parties expressly agree that it is appropriate for Indiana law to apply ... (c) to any disputes arising out of the employment relationship of the parties.

On September 20, 2002, the plaintiff commenced this action in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Nassau alleging discrimination on the basis of sex in [58]*58violation of the NYSHRL. The alleged acts of discrimination occurred both in New York and Indiana.

On October 22, 2002, the defendants removed this action to the Eastern District of New York on the basis of diversity jurisdiction. On November 15, 2002, the defendants filed an Answer. On May 14, 2003, the defendants filed the present motion to change the venue to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a).

The defendants argue that Miller’s complaint should be transferred to Indiana because the Employment Agreement, which contains the above mentioned forum selection and choice of law provisions, mandates that his action proceed in the Southern District of Indiana under Indiana law. In opposition, the plaintiff contends that the case should remain with this Court because, among other things, the defendants waived the affirmative defense of improper venue because they failed to raise this defense in its Answer.

II. DISCUSSION

As stated above, the plaintiff opposes the defendant’s motion to transfer venue on the ground that the defendant waived its defense of improper venue because it “interposed an Answer without demanding a change in venue.... ” Plfs. Mem. In Opp. at 2. The Court agrees.

Rule 12(h)(1) provides that:

A defense of ... improper venue ... is waived ... (B) if it is neither made by motion under this rule nor included in a responsive pleading or an amendment thereof permitted by Rule 15(a) to be made as a matter of course.

Thus, a defendant waives this defense if he does not raise it “in [his] first defensive move, be it a Rule 12 motion or a responsive pleading.” Index Fund, Inc. v. Hagopian, 107 F.R.D. 95, 101 (S.D.N.Y.1985) (quoting Glater v. Eli Lilly & Co., 712 F.2d 735, 738 (1st Cir.1983)); see also Hartling v. Woodloch Pines, Inc., No. 97 Civ. 2587, 1998 WL 575138, at * 1 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 8, 1998). If the defendant fails to do so, “the only manner in which to salvage the defense is by an amendment made as a matter of course [pursuant to Rule 15(a)]” Glater v. Eli Lilly & Co., 712 F.2d 735, 738 (1st Cir.1983).

Rule 15(a) provides:

Amendments. A party may amend his pleading once ás a matter of course at any time before a responsive pleading is served or, if the pleading is one to which no responsive pleading is permitted and the action has not been placed upon the trial calendar, he may so amend it at any time within 20 days after it is served.

Therefore, an objection to improper venue is waived if it is not raised in a 12(b) motion, in a responsive pleading, or in an amendment to a responsive pleading permitted as a matter of course under Rule 15(a). See Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(h)(1); see also Nat’l Fire & Marine Ins. Co., v. Railroad Resource and Recovery, Inc., No. 93 Civ. 6379, 1994 WL 606049, at * 1 (S.D.N.Y. Nov.3, 1994). Because an answer is a pleading to which no responsive pleading is permitted, see Rule 7(a), Batesville Casket had until twenty days after November 15, 2003 to amend its answer as a matter of course. However, no amended answer was ever filed with the Court. Although Rule 15(a) provides that “leave [to amend pleadings] will be freely given when justice so requires,” the language of Rule 12(h) indicates that “this amendment procedure is not available to raise [a Rule 12(h)(1) defense].” Glater v. Eli Lilly & Co., 712 F.2d at 738.

Batesville Casket contends that its answer did, in fact, assert the defense of improper venue. In particular, the defendant argues that its first affirmative defense which states that “[s]ome or all of Miller’s allegations fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted” constitutes an objection to venue because a motion to transfer venue is properly brought as a Rule 12(b)(6) motion for failure to state a claim. Def. Reply Mem. at 3. However, while it is true that a motion pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) is proper when a party does not comply with a forum selection clause, Evolution Online Sys., Inc. v. Koninklijke PTT Nederland N.V., 145 F.3d 505, 508 n. 6 (2d Cir.1998), this defense, even if construed liberally, does [59]*59not come close to resembling a defense sounding in improper venue. In any event, the defendants would be precluded from filing such a motion because a Rule 12(b) motion must be made prior to the filing of an answer. See id.

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Bluebook (online)
219 F.R.D. 56, 2003 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 22461, 2003 WL 22955913, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/miller-v-batesville-casket-co-nyed-2003.