Mikayla Ratcliff v. Kevin Wethington

• Court: Court of Appeals of Kentucky
• Decided: May 30, 2024
• Docket: 2023 CA 000837
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

RENDERED: MAY 31, 2024; 10:00 A.M. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

Commonwealth of Kentucky Court of Appeals NO. 2023-CA-0837-MR

MIKAYLA RATCLIFF APPELLANT

APPEAL FROM MEADE CIRCUIT COURT v. HONORABLE BRUCE T. BUTLER, JUDGE ACTION NO. 22-CI-00040

KEVIN WETHINGTON AND CHRISTINE M. WETHINGTON APPELLEES

OPINION AND ORDER DISMISSING

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BEFORE: CALDWELL, CETRULO, AND ECKERLE, JUDGES.

CETRULO, JUDGE: Appellant Mikayla Ratcliff (“Ratcliff”) appeals the rulings

of the Meade Circuit Court that resulted in the award of temporary custody of her

biological child R.R.C. (“minor child”) to Appellees Kevin Wethington and

Christine Wethington (“the Wethingtons”) as de facto custodians. Because we

conclude that the orders appealed from were not final and appealable, we dismiss

the appeal. The minor child in this case was born on June 16, 2019 to Ratcliff and

Brandon Cordle (“Cordle”).1 They were never married, but for the first six months

of minor child’s life, resided at the home of Cordle’s mother, Christine Wethington

and stepfather, Kevin Wethington. After six months, the Wethingtons asked both

parents to move out. Minor child was then with Ratcliff for approximately one

year in Michigan. In March 2021, Ratcliff contacted the Wethingtons and asked

them to take the minor child. She was reportedly upset, suicidal, and struggling.

Believing it to be in the best interest of her daughter, Ratcliff consented to a

limited guardianship by Christine. A few months later, she sought to terminate the

limited guardianship in district court. That case is not part of the record on appeal,

but it is argued that the district court did terminate the limited guardianship in May

2022.

In the meantime, the Wethingtons filed a petition for de facto custody

of minor child in the Meade Circuit Court. Ratcliff responded to that petition, and

hearings were conducted over three days in June and July 2022. The hearings were

held before a domestic relations commissioner (“DRC”) who entered an order

declaring the Wethingtons to be de facto custodians on July 28, 2022. Ratcliff

filed exceptions to the DRC order. The circuit court overruled those exceptions

1 Cordle is the son of Christine Wethington, one of the appellees herein. He has never objected to the custody of R.C.C. remaining with his mother and stepfather and has not participated in these proceedings.

-2- and adopted the order of the DRC in its entirety. Subsequent motions were filed

by Ratcliff to reconsider and to alter, amend, or vacate the judgment. Those were

also denied, and this appeal followed.

At the outset, we note that Ratcliff filed this notice of appeal from the

order denying her motion to alter, amend, or vacate under Kentucky Rule of Civil

Procedure (“CR”) 59. “Our case law is clear, however, that there is no appeal from

the denial of a CR 59.05 motion. The denial does not alter the judgment.

Accordingly, the appeal is from the underlying judgment, not the denial of the

CR 59.05 motion.” Ford v. Ford, 578 S.W.3d 356, 366 (Ky. App. 2019). When a

trial court denies a CR 59.05 motion, as it did here, and a party erroneously

designates that order in the notice of appeal, we utilize a substantial compliance

analysis and consider the appeal properly taken from the final judgment that was

the subject of the CR 59.05 motion. Id. (citations omitted).

Here, however, there was no final judgment. The circuit court order,

adopting the findings and conclusions of the DRC as its own, was a temporary

order, and thus is not properly before this Court on appeal. “A final or appealable

judgment is a final order adjudicating all the rights of all the parties in an action or

proceeding, or a judgment made final under Rule 54.02.” CR 54.01. “This court

on its own motion will raise the issue of want of jurisdiction if the order appealed

from lacks finality.” Huff v. Wood-Mosaic Corp., 454 S.W.2d 705, 706 (Ky.

-3- 1970). In fact, we are required to do so. Francis v. Crounse Corp., 98 S.W.3d 62,

64 (Ky. App. 2002).

Admittedly, determining finality in custody actions is often difficult.

The needs of the family and the best interests of the child are ever changing. In

this case, the action was brought by the Wethingtons to determine de facto

custodianship status. The court did find that they met the requirements to be

considered de facto custodians, and that order could have been made final pursuant

to CR 54.02, but only as to the ruling on the de facto custodianship issue. There

was some limited reference to this failure in the post-ruling pleadings, but the

circuit court did not address the finality issue in its order denying CR 59.05 relief.

In fact, the underlying order or judgment goes on to clearly state that the circuit

court was only awarding temporary emergency custody of minor child to the

Wethingtons.

A temporary custody order, no matter when entered, is not appealable

because said orders are inherently interlocutory. Here, neither the circuit court’s

order confirming and adopting the DRC report in its entirety, nor the DRC’s order

itself contained the required CR 54.02 recitations. It is clear on its face that only

temporary emergency custody was awarded, and the record reflects ongoing

proceedings in the trial court. Thus, we must dismiss this appeal sua sponte

because the appeal is from an interlocutory order and because we lack jurisdiction

-4- over appeals from interlocutory orders. See Peters v. Board of Ed. of Hardin

Cnty., 378 S.W.2d 638, 639-40 (Ky. 1964) (dismissing appeal sua sponte as an

appellate court may properly raise issues about jurisdiction itself and would lack

authority to decide an appeal from an order which “failed to contain the recitals

required by CR 54.02 so as to invest this Court with jurisdiction over the appeal”).

For the foregoing reasons, the appeal is dismissed.

ALL CONCUR.

BRIEFS FOR APPELLANT: BRIEF FOR APPELLEES:

Alan W. Roles Caleb T. Bland Louisville, Kentucky Elizabethtown, Kentucky

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