Mikato Fulks v. State of Arkansas

2023 Ark. App. 566, 680 S.W.3d 743

Opinion

Cite as 2023 Ark. App. 566 ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS DIVISION III No. CR-22-268

Opinion Delivered December 6, 2023

MIKATO FULKS APPEAL FROM THE WASHINGTON APPELLANT COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT [NO. 72CR-21-257]

V. HONORABLE JOANNA TAYLOR, JUDGE STATE OF ARKANSAS APPELLEE AFFIRMED

WENDY SCHOLTENS WOOD, Judge

Mikato Fulks appeals the Washington County Circuit Court’s October 4, 2021

amended sentencing order convicting him of possession of a controlled substance with the

purpose to deliver pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated section 5-64-420(b)(3) (Repl.

2016) and sentencing him to a term of fifteen years’ imprisonment.1 Fulks’s sole point on

appeal is that his sentence is illegal because the circuit court applied the incorrect statutory

sentencing range. We affirm.

1 Fulks was also convicted of possession of a controlled substance with purpose to deliver pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated section 5-64-424(b)(3)(A) (Repl. 2016) and possession of drug paraphernalia pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated section 5-64- 443(b) (Supp. 2019). For these convictions, he was sentenced to concurrent terms of fifteen years’ imprisonment and five years’ imprisonment, respectively. Fulks does not challenge these convictions or sentences in this appeal. In its second amended information, the State charged Fulks with a Class A felony,

alleging that he unlawfully possessed “Cocaine and Methamphetamine with the purpose

to deliver, in an amount of ten grams (10g) or more but less than two hundred grams

(200g), in violation of ACA § 5-64-420(b)(3).” The information specified that Fulks

possessed “approximately 20.9133 grams . . . of cocaine and a usable amount of

approximately 1.4504 grams . . . of methamphetamine . . . [.]” In addition, the information

alleged that Fulks is a habitual offender under Arkansas Code Annotated section 5-4-

501(b)(1)(A), (2)(B) (Supp. 2023), with four or more prior felony convictions.

At a jury trial on September 29–30, 2021, the State presented testimony

demonstrating that Fayetteville police officers arrested Fulks on January 12 after one of

the officers saw Fulks dispose of drug paraphernalia and controlled substances on the

street. A drug task-force officer from Prairie Grove testified that he processed and

submitted the drug paraphernalia and multiple packages of controlled substances to the

Arkansas State Crime Laboratory (ASCL) for forensic testing. A forensic chemist with the

ASCL testified that the results of his testing confirmed that one of the packages consisted

of 13.9711 grams of cocaine blended with cutting agents. The chemist further testified

that he tested one pill from each of two additional packages, both of which contained

several pills. The first pill he tested contained methamphetamine, and the second pill

contained fentanyl. The forensic chemist did not state the weight of the pill containing

methamphetamine, but the report of his test results was introduced into evidence and

2 indicated the pill weighed 0.1437 grams and was part of a collection of nine pills that

weighed 1.3067 grams.

After the close of all the evidence, the court instructed the jury that Fulks was

charged with “the offense of possession of cocaine and methamphetamine with the

purpose to deliver.” Following deliberations, the jury returned a verdict finding Fulks

guilty of “Possession of Cocaine and Methamphetamine, each a Schedule II Controlled

Substance with the Purpose to Deliver and found that the cocaine and methamphetamine,

by aggregate weight, . . . was at least 10 grams but less than 200 grams.”

At sentencing, the State introduced evidence that Fulks has previously been

convicted of the felony offenses of second-degree murder, three counts of delivery of

cocaine, and being a felon in possession of a firearm. In accordance with Arkansas Code

Annotated section 5-4-501(b)(1)(A), (2)(B), the circuit court instructed the jury that for

possession of “methamphetamine and cocaine with purpose to deliver,” Fulks was subject

to an extended term of imprisonment of six to sixty years and/or a fine of no more than

$15,000. The jury returned a verdict recommending a sentence of fifteen years’

imprisonment.

Before the circuit court pronounced a sentence, Fulks’s attorney challenged the

jury’s sentencing recommendation for the conviction of “possession of methamphetamine

and cocaine with the purpose to deliver.” Noting that the statute prohibited the possession

with intent to deliver methamphetamine or cocaine, counsel argued that Fulks was

“sentenced on the combined methamphetamine and cocaine weight . . . and the statute

3 does not anticipate those two amounts being combined, but rather states that it is one

substance or another substance . . . .” On that basis, he asserted that “any sentence to that

charge . . . would be illegal.”

After reviewing the jury’s sentencing verdict and the results of forensic testing by

the ASCL, the circuit court ruled that because the evidence demonstrated that the weight

of the cocaine Fulks possessed exceeded ten grams, the sentence the jury recommended

was supported by its finding of guilt on the basis of possession of cocaine alone. The court

imposed the fifteen-year sentence as recommended by the jury and entered its amended

sentencing order on October 4. This appeal followed.

There is no dispute that the information, jury instruction, and verdict form

erroneously characterized section 5-64-420 as prohibiting the possession of cocaine “and”

methamphetamine. The statute plainly sets forth a scheme in which the possession of

different amounts of cocaine “or” methamphetamine will constitute offenses of different

felony classifications depending on the amount possessed. But Fulks made no objection

to this erroneous characterization at any point in the trial below.2 And Fulks does not

dispute this. Fulks makes it clear that he is not challenging the validity of the charge or the

jury instructions. Rather, he asserts that the circuit court imposed an illegal sentence. We

address Fulks’s illegal-sentence issue accordingly. See Cantrell v. State, 2009 Ark. 456, at 9–

11, 343 S.W.3d 591, 596–97 (rejecting the State’s assertion that the appellant’s illegal-

2 This may have been a tactical decision because Fulks could have also been charged with a Class C felony for possession of methamphetamine with the purpose to deliver.

4 sentence argument—premised on the failure to include a habitual-offender allegation in

the criminal information—constituted an unpreserved due-process issue involving the

information where the appellant pointed to a specific sentencing statute that the circuit

court violated when it rejected the jury’s sentencing recommendation).

On review of the legality of a sentence, we must determine whether the circuit court

had the authority to impose a particular sentence and not whether the sentence is illegal

on its face or within the prescribed statutory range. Glaze v. State, 2011 Ark. 464, at 7, 385

S.W.3d 203, 209. The touchstone for determining whether a sentence is illegal or void is

the circuit court’s “authority to act.” Id., 385 S.W.3d at 209. A sentence is illegal if the

circuit court is without the authority to impose it, even if on its face it is within the

statutory range. Id., 385 S.W.3d at 209. Because sentencing is entirely a matter of statute,

the circuit court has the authority to impose a particular sentence only when it complies

with the applicable statute. Id., 385 S.W.3d at 209. “Where the law does not authorize the

particular sentence pronounced by a trial court, the sentence is unauthorized and illegal,

and the case must be reversed and remanded.” Id. at 7–8, 385 S.W.3d at 209 (citing State

v. Joslin, 364 Ark. 545, 548, 222 S.W.3d 168, 170 (2006)). This court views the assertion

of an illegal sentence similarly to a problem of subject-matter jurisdiction in that it reviews

the issue regardless of whether an objection was made in the circuit court. Jones v. State, 83

Ark. App. 195, 198–99, 119 S.W.3d 70, 72 (2003).

Two statutes are at issue in Fulks’s appeal. The first is Arkansas Code Annotated

section 5-64-420, which provides:

5 (a) Except as provided by this chapter, it is unlawful if a person possesses methamphetamine or cocaine with the purpose to deliver the methamphetamine or cocaine. Purpose to deliver may be shown by any of the following factors: (1) The person possesses the means to weigh, separate, or package methamphetamine or cocaine;

....

(5) The person possesses at least two (2) other controlled substances in any amount;

....

(6)(b) A person who violates this section upon conviction is guilty of a:

(1) Class C felony if the person possessed less than two grams (2g) of methamphetamine or cocaine by aggregate weight, including an adulterant or diluent;

(2) Class B felony if the person possessed two grams (2g) or more but less than ten grams (10g) of methamphetamine or cocaine by aggregate weight, including an adulterant or diluent; or

(3) Class A felony if the person possessed ten grams (10g) or more but less than two hundred grams (200g) of methamphetamine or cocaine by aggregate weight, including an adulterant or diluent.

Ark. Code Ann. § 5-64-420 (Repl. 2016). The second statute—the habitual-offender-

sentencing statute—provides that a defendant who has been convicted of four or more

felonies or has been found guilty of four or more felonies may be subject to an extended

term of imprisonment. Ark. Code Ann. § 5-4-501(b)(1) (Supp. 2019). Under the habitual-

offender statute and relevant to this appeal, the term of imprisonment for a Class A felony

is six to sixty years, and the term of imprisonment for a Class C felony is six to thirty years.

Ark. Code Ann. § 5-4-501(b)(2)(B), (D).

6 On appeal, Fulks argues that section 5-64-420 makes it unlawful to possess

methamphetamine or cocaine and authorizes consideration of the weight of one substance

or the other—not both substances in the aggregate. However, he contends that because he

was convicted of possession of methamphetamine and cocaine, these are two discrete

felony offenses—a Class A felony for possession of more than ten grams of cocaine and a

Class C felony for possession of less than two grams of methamphetamine—and the circuit

court should have blended the two applicable sentencing ranges and created a “hybrid”

sentencing range of six to thirty years’ imprisonment. 3 He asserts that the circuit court

erred in submitting the offense to the jury “as solely a Class A felony” with an enhanced

sentencing range of six to sixty years and that the resulting fifteen-year sentence is illegal.

We hold that Fulks’s sentence is not illegal because the circuit court had the

authority to impose it. The amended sentencing order provides that Fulks was convicted

of possession of a Schedule II controlled substance with the purpose to deliver pursuant

to section 5-64-420(b)(3) and was sentenced to fifteen years’ imprisonment. This statute

makes it unlawful to possess methamphetamine or cocaine with the purpose to deliver

methamphetamine or cocaine and classifies it as a Class A felony if the person possessed

ten grams or more but less than two hundred grams of methamphetamine or cocaine. Ark.

Code Ann. § 5-64-420(b)(3). The record reveals that Fulks committed a Class A felony

3 Fulks contends that the “hybrid” felony classification for his offense requires resentencing under a range that combines the minimum habitual-offender sentence of six years for a Class A felony under section 5-4-501(b)(2)(B) and the maximum habitual- offender sentence of thirty years for a Class C felony under section 5-4-501(b)(2)(D).

7 violation of section 5-64-420(b)(3) because the uncontroverted evidence was that the

aggregate cocaine weighed 13.9711 grams. The evidence also demonstrates that Fulks was

subject to an extended term of imprisonment as a habitual offender, and the applicable

sentencing range for the Class A felony was six to sixty years’ imprisonment. Ark. Code

Ann. § 5-4-501(b)(2)(B). Fulks’s fifteen-year sentence falls within that range and is legal.

Therefore, the only argument presented on appeal regarding an illegal sentence fails.

Neither Arkansas Code Annotated section 5-64-420 nor section 5-4-501 supports

Fulks’s “hybrid” sentencing-range argument. The only authority cited by Fulks in support

of this argument is Glaze. Glaze was sentenced to twenty-five years’ imprisonment as a

habitual offender pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated section 16-90-201 (Repl. 2006).

2011 Ark. 464, at 1, 385 S.W.3d at 206–07. Because the State proved that Glaze had four

previous felony convictions, the sentencing range for Glaze’s offense under that enhanced

sentencing statute was twenty to thirty years’ imprisonment. Id. at 3, 385 S.W.3d at 206.

On appeal, Glaze argued that his sentence was illegal because the circuit court sentenced

him pursuant to section 16-90-201 and that the statute was repealed by implication when

the Criminal Code, under which Glaze had been charged, was enacted. Id. at 6, 385

S.W.3d at 208. The applicable enhancement statute under the Criminal Code—Arkansas

Code Annotated section 5-4-501—provided a different enhanced sentencing range for

Glaze’s conviction: five to forty years’ imprisonment. Id. at 12–13, 385 S.W.3d at 212.

The Arkansas Supreme Court held that section 5-4-501 covered the same subject

matter as section 16-90-201 and that the two statutes could not be read harmoniously

8 because the sentencing ranges conflicted, resulting in a repeal by implication of the statute

under which Glaze had been sentenced. Id. at 13, 385 S.W.3d at 212. The supreme court

also held that Glaze could raise the issue for the first time on appeal, and the fact that he

received a sentence that fell within the sentencing range under both enhancement statutes

was irrelevant because the applicable enhanced sentencing range under the Criminal Code

provided a different range of sentencing possibilities. Id., 385 S.W.3d at 212. Because the

supreme court held that the sentence was illegal, it reversed and remanded for resentencing

under section 5-4-501. Id., 385 S.W.3d at 212.

Glaze is inapposite. Fulks’s case does not involve two statutes that impose different

sentencing ranges for his conviction. Moreover, to the extent Fulks is attempting to create

a conflict—like the conflicting statutes in Glaze—by assigning his conviction a “hybrid”

felony classification under Arkansas Code Annotated section 5-64-420, we have already

explained that the statute provides no support for the argument. Fulks was convicted of a

Class A felony offense and was sentenced in accordance with that conviction under the

habitual-offender statute.

In sum, Fulks has presented no citation to authority or convincing argument in

support of his “hybrid” sentencing-range argument or his contention that his sentence is

illegal. Our courts have made it clear that they will not consider an argument when the

appellant presents no citation to authority or convincing argument in its support, and it is

not apparent without further research that the argument is well taken. Hollis v. State, 346

Ark. 175, 179, 55 S.W.3d 756, 759 (2001); Beth’s Bail Bonds, Inc. v. State, 2016 Ark. App.

9 171, at 3, 486 S.W.3d 240, 241. The circuit court’s sentence was authorized by sections

5-64-420(b)(3) and 5-4-501(b)(1)(A), (2)(B); thus, it is not illegal.

Affirmed.

ABRAMSON and HIXSON, JJ., agree.

Ben Motal, for appellant.

Tim Griffin, Att’y Gen., by: Michael Zangari, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.