STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
04-1107
MICHAEL TAUZIN
VERSUS
LOUISIANA PIGMENT COMPANY
**********
APPEAL FROM THE OFFICE OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION - DISTRICT 03 PARISH OF CALCASIEU, NO. 02-06396 CHARLOTTE A. L. BUSHNELL, WORKERS’ COMPENSATION JUDGE
ULYSSES GENE THIBODEAUX CHIEF JUDGE
Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Billy Howard Ezell, and James T. Genovese, Judges.
AFFIRMED.
John Stanton Bradford Stockwell, Sievert, Viccellio, Clements & Shaddock, L.L.P. P. O. Box 2900 Lake Charles, LA 70602 Telephone: (337) 436-9491 COUNSEL FOR: Defendant/Appellant - Louisiana Pigment Company
Christopher Cameron McCall Baggett, McCall, Burgess, Watson & Gaughan 3006 Country Club Road P. O. Box 7820 Lake Charles, LA 70606-7820 Telephone: (337) 478-8888 COUNSEL FOR: Plaintiff/Appellee - Michael Tauzin THIBODEAUX, Chief Judge.
In this workers’ compensation case, defendants, Louisiana Pigment and
Zurich American Insurance Company, appeal the workers’ compensation judge’s
(WCJ) judgment that plaintiff, Michael Tauzin, sustained an accident in the course
and scope of his employment, and that he was entitled to supplemental earnings
benefits (SEB). We affirm for the following reasons.
I.
ISSUES
We shall consider whether the WCJ was manifestly erroneous in finding
that 1) an accident occurred within the course and scope of his employment and 2)
Mr. Tauzin was entitled to supplemental earnings benefits.
II.
FACTS
Plaintiff, Michael Tauzin, was employed by Louisiana Pigment during
the three accidents at issue in this workers’ compensation claim. Both parties
stipulated that the first accident, which occurred on February 14, 2002, was a work-
related accident that resulted in an injury to the plaintiff’s ankle. The parties further
stipulated that medical bills for treatment of the ankle and out-of-pocket expenses
were paid. Two months after this accident, Mr. Tauzin made his first complaint of
left knee pain. The second alleged accident occurred on June 21, 2002, when Mr.
Tauzin claimed he twisted his knee. A report was completed for this accident, but no
medical treatment was sought. The third accident, and the one most at issue, occurred
July 28, 2002, when Mr. Tauzin slipped on pigment slurry in the repulp room and was
taken to the hospital. Various witnesses and the hospital records state that Mr.
1 Tauzin’s knee was swollen and had a small abrasion. Mr. Tauzin contends that he
suffered an aggravation of a pre-existing condition to his left knee as a result of the
July 28, 2002, accident.
Defendants make much of the fact that all three accidents were
unwitnessed, and occurred when Mr. Tauzin was asked to do “outside work” which
involves the employees going outside of the console room and working on the
equipment that is monitored by the console. In addition, the defendants learned that
other employees were betting on Mr. Tauzin’s ability to avoid working outside on the
date of the third accident. As a result, management became suspicious that the July
28, 2002, incident may have been staged by Mr. Tauzin and began an investigation.
The trial court held that an accident did occur, the defendants did not
prove that it was staged, and Mr. Tauzin was entitled to SEB in accordance with the
Workers’ Compensation Act. It is from this judgment that the defendants appeal.
III.
LAW AND DISCUSSION
“Factual findings in workers’ compensation cases are subject to the
manifest error or clearly wrong standard of appellate review.” Banks v. Indus.
Roofing & Sheet Metal Works, Inc., 96-2840, p. 7 (La. 7/1/97), 696 So.2d 551, 556.
Under the manifest error-clearly wrong standard, the appellate court must determine
not whether the trier of fact was right or wrong, but whether the fact finder’s
conclusion was a reasonable one. Stobart v. State, through DOTD, 617 So.2d 880
(La.1993). Where there are two permissible views of the evidence, a fact finder’s
choice between them can never be manifestly erroneous or clearly wrong. Rosell v.
ESCO, 549 So.2d 840 (La.1989). Accordingly, if the trier of fact’s findings are
reasonable in light of the record reviewed in its entirety, the court of appeal may not
2 reverse, even if convinced that had it been sitting as the trier of fact, it would have
weighed the evidence differently. Sistler v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 558 So.2d 1106
(La.1990).
Work-Related Accident
Louisiana Revised Statutes 23:1031 requires a workers’ compensation
claimant to initially establish personal injury by accident arising out of and in the
course of his employment. Bruno v. Harbert Int’l, Inc., 593 So.2d 357 (La.1992).
Louisiana Revised Statutes 23:1021 defines an accident, for purposes of workers’
compensation:
(1) “Accident” means an unexpected or unforseen actual, identifiable, precipitous event happening suddenly or violently, with or without human fault, and directly producing at the time objective findings of an injury which is more than simply a gradual deterioration or progressive degeneration.
In Bryan v. Allstate Timber Co., 98-840, pp. 3-4 (La.App. 3 Cir. 12/16/98), 724 So.2d
853, 855, this court discussed the claimant’s burden of proving that an accident
occurred:
To recover workers’ compensation benefits, a claimant must establish by a preponderance of evidence that an accident occurred on the job site and that an injury was sustained. Garner v. Sheats & Frazier, 95-39 (La.App. 3 Cir. 7/5/95); 663 So.2d 57. A worker’s testimony alone may be sufficient to discharge this burden of proof, provided two elements are satisfied: (1) no other evidence discredits or casts serious doubt upon the worker’s version of the incident; and (2) the worker’s testimony is corroborated by the circumstances following the alleged incident. [Id.] at 60. The evidence is viewed in a light most favorable to the claimant. When there is proof of an accident and attendant disability, without an intervening cause, it is presumed that the accident caused the disability.
3 In this case, the WCJ found that there was sufficient evidence to
establish that an accident occurred and explained that the “court bases its finding that
an accident occurred on the testimony of all the witnesses who came upon the scene
after the incident, which testimony establishes that claimant appeared to be in genuine
pain.” There were also objective findings of injury, including bruising and swelling
of the knee, which was observed by the treating emergency room nurse, Sharon
Treme. In addition, Dr. Drez, a physician recommended by Louisiana Pigment to Mr.
Tauzin, testified that it was more likely than not that Mr. Tauzin’s left knee was
aggravated by the July 28, 2002, accident which made surgery necessary.
Louisiana Pigment claims that the WCJ erred in finding that the July 28,
2002, accident was not staged and suggests the evidence presented casts serious
doubt upon the truthfulness of the claim. It makes note of Mr. Tauzin’s lack of
credibility, the co-workers’ bet that plaintiff would not make it through the day, and
his history of avoiding outside work. Given the history of the plaintiff’s work ethic,
his credibility was at issue, and we certainly entertain some doubt with the report of
plaintiff’s claim. However, the WCJ’s decision as to whether the testimony is
credible or not is a factual determination not to be disturbed on review unless clearly
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STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
04-1107
MICHAEL TAUZIN
VERSUS
LOUISIANA PIGMENT COMPANY
**********
APPEAL FROM THE OFFICE OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION - DISTRICT 03 PARISH OF CALCASIEU, NO. 02-06396 CHARLOTTE A. L. BUSHNELL, WORKERS’ COMPENSATION JUDGE
ULYSSES GENE THIBODEAUX CHIEF JUDGE
Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Billy Howard Ezell, and James T. Genovese, Judges.
AFFIRMED.
John Stanton Bradford Stockwell, Sievert, Viccellio, Clements & Shaddock, L.L.P. P. O. Box 2900 Lake Charles, LA 70602 Telephone: (337) 436-9491 COUNSEL FOR: Defendant/Appellant - Louisiana Pigment Company
Christopher Cameron McCall Baggett, McCall, Burgess, Watson & Gaughan 3006 Country Club Road P. O. Box 7820 Lake Charles, LA 70606-7820 Telephone: (337) 478-8888 COUNSEL FOR: Plaintiff/Appellee - Michael Tauzin THIBODEAUX, Chief Judge.
In this workers’ compensation case, defendants, Louisiana Pigment and
Zurich American Insurance Company, appeal the workers’ compensation judge’s
(WCJ) judgment that plaintiff, Michael Tauzin, sustained an accident in the course
and scope of his employment, and that he was entitled to supplemental earnings
benefits (SEB). We affirm for the following reasons.
I.
ISSUES
We shall consider whether the WCJ was manifestly erroneous in finding
that 1) an accident occurred within the course and scope of his employment and 2)
Mr. Tauzin was entitled to supplemental earnings benefits.
II.
FACTS
Plaintiff, Michael Tauzin, was employed by Louisiana Pigment during
the three accidents at issue in this workers’ compensation claim. Both parties
stipulated that the first accident, which occurred on February 14, 2002, was a work-
related accident that resulted in an injury to the plaintiff’s ankle. The parties further
stipulated that medical bills for treatment of the ankle and out-of-pocket expenses
were paid. Two months after this accident, Mr. Tauzin made his first complaint of
left knee pain. The second alleged accident occurred on June 21, 2002, when Mr.
Tauzin claimed he twisted his knee. A report was completed for this accident, but no
medical treatment was sought. The third accident, and the one most at issue, occurred
July 28, 2002, when Mr. Tauzin slipped on pigment slurry in the repulp room and was
taken to the hospital. Various witnesses and the hospital records state that Mr.
1 Tauzin’s knee was swollen and had a small abrasion. Mr. Tauzin contends that he
suffered an aggravation of a pre-existing condition to his left knee as a result of the
July 28, 2002, accident.
Defendants make much of the fact that all three accidents were
unwitnessed, and occurred when Mr. Tauzin was asked to do “outside work” which
involves the employees going outside of the console room and working on the
equipment that is monitored by the console. In addition, the defendants learned that
other employees were betting on Mr. Tauzin’s ability to avoid working outside on the
date of the third accident. As a result, management became suspicious that the July
28, 2002, incident may have been staged by Mr. Tauzin and began an investigation.
The trial court held that an accident did occur, the defendants did not
prove that it was staged, and Mr. Tauzin was entitled to SEB in accordance with the
Workers’ Compensation Act. It is from this judgment that the defendants appeal.
III.
LAW AND DISCUSSION
“Factual findings in workers’ compensation cases are subject to the
manifest error or clearly wrong standard of appellate review.” Banks v. Indus.
Roofing & Sheet Metal Works, Inc., 96-2840, p. 7 (La. 7/1/97), 696 So.2d 551, 556.
Under the manifest error-clearly wrong standard, the appellate court must determine
not whether the trier of fact was right or wrong, but whether the fact finder’s
conclusion was a reasonable one. Stobart v. State, through DOTD, 617 So.2d 880
(La.1993). Where there are two permissible views of the evidence, a fact finder’s
choice between them can never be manifestly erroneous or clearly wrong. Rosell v.
ESCO, 549 So.2d 840 (La.1989). Accordingly, if the trier of fact’s findings are
reasonable in light of the record reviewed in its entirety, the court of appeal may not
2 reverse, even if convinced that had it been sitting as the trier of fact, it would have
weighed the evidence differently. Sistler v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 558 So.2d 1106
(La.1990).
Work-Related Accident
Louisiana Revised Statutes 23:1031 requires a workers’ compensation
claimant to initially establish personal injury by accident arising out of and in the
course of his employment. Bruno v. Harbert Int’l, Inc., 593 So.2d 357 (La.1992).
Louisiana Revised Statutes 23:1021 defines an accident, for purposes of workers’
compensation:
(1) “Accident” means an unexpected or unforseen actual, identifiable, precipitous event happening suddenly or violently, with or without human fault, and directly producing at the time objective findings of an injury which is more than simply a gradual deterioration or progressive degeneration.
In Bryan v. Allstate Timber Co., 98-840, pp. 3-4 (La.App. 3 Cir. 12/16/98), 724 So.2d
853, 855, this court discussed the claimant’s burden of proving that an accident
occurred:
To recover workers’ compensation benefits, a claimant must establish by a preponderance of evidence that an accident occurred on the job site and that an injury was sustained. Garner v. Sheats & Frazier, 95-39 (La.App. 3 Cir. 7/5/95); 663 So.2d 57. A worker’s testimony alone may be sufficient to discharge this burden of proof, provided two elements are satisfied: (1) no other evidence discredits or casts serious doubt upon the worker’s version of the incident; and (2) the worker’s testimony is corroborated by the circumstances following the alleged incident. [Id.] at 60. The evidence is viewed in a light most favorable to the claimant. When there is proof of an accident and attendant disability, without an intervening cause, it is presumed that the accident caused the disability.
3 In this case, the WCJ found that there was sufficient evidence to
establish that an accident occurred and explained that the “court bases its finding that
an accident occurred on the testimony of all the witnesses who came upon the scene
after the incident, which testimony establishes that claimant appeared to be in genuine
pain.” There were also objective findings of injury, including bruising and swelling
of the knee, which was observed by the treating emergency room nurse, Sharon
Treme. In addition, Dr. Drez, a physician recommended by Louisiana Pigment to Mr.
Tauzin, testified that it was more likely than not that Mr. Tauzin’s left knee was
aggravated by the July 28, 2002, accident which made surgery necessary.
Louisiana Pigment claims that the WCJ erred in finding that the July 28,
2002, accident was not staged and suggests the evidence presented casts serious
doubt upon the truthfulness of the claim. It makes note of Mr. Tauzin’s lack of
credibility, the co-workers’ bet that plaintiff would not make it through the day, and
his history of avoiding outside work. Given the history of the plaintiff’s work ethic,
his credibility was at issue, and we certainly entertain some doubt with the report of
plaintiff’s claim. However, the WCJ’s decision as to whether the testimony is
credible or not is a factual determination not to be disturbed on review unless clearly
wrong or in absence of showing manifest error. Gonzales v. Babco Farm, Inc., 535
So.2d 822 (La.App. 2 Cir.), writ denied, 536 So.2d 1200 (La.1988). Here, the WCJ
chose to place more emphasis on plaintiff’s witnesses, including the treating nurse,
and explained that, “the evidence does not preponderate that claimant has staged a
July 28 accident.” Based on the record, we cannot say that the WCJ’s finding was
manifestly erroneous. See Wheat v. Four Star Indus. Contractors, Inc., 99-0628
(La.App. 1 Cir. 5/12/00), 761 So.2d 691 (where on review was the issue of whether
the claimant’s accident was staged).
4 Supplemental Earnings Benefit
Supplemental earnings benefits are awarded when a work-related injury
prevents the claimant from earning ninety percent of his pre-injury wages. La.R.S.
23:1221(3). In Daigle v. Sherwin-Williams Co., 545 So.2d 1005, 1007 (La.1989), the
supreme court stated, “[i]n determining if an injured employee has made out a prima
facie case of entitlement to supplemental earnings benefits, the trial court may and
should take into account all those factors which might bear on an employee’s ability
to earn a wage.” The human resource manager at Louisiana Pigment, Mike Pratt,
stated that Mr. Tauzin would not be able to return to his job, which includes going up
and down stairs or ladders, because he would not be able to satisfy the job
requirements as a result of his disability. Dr. Drez explained that this type of activity
would cause his knee to be more symptomatic. Mr. Tauzin has not worked since
being discharged from Louisiana Pigment.
“When the employee is not working or is earning less than the employee
is able to earn as the result of a job-related disability, then it is the employer’s burden
to establish earning capacity.” Landry v. Physicians Practice Management, 00-1298,
p. 8 (La.App. 3 Cir. 4/4/01), 783 So.2d 619, 625, writ denied, 01-1336 (La. 6/22/01),
794 So.2d 792; La.R.S. 23:1221(3)(c)(i). Under the circumstances, Mr. Tauzin’s
status as unemployed shifts the burden of proof of production to the employer to
show that the employee is physically able to perform a certain job and that the job
was available to the employee in the community or reasonable geographic regions.
See Daigle, 545 So.2d 1005 (La.1989).
In Banks, the supreme court concluded that an employer may discharge
its burden by establishing, at a minimum, the following through competent evidence:
1) the existence of a suitable job within the employee’s or the employer’s community
5 or reasonable geographic region; 2) the amount of wages that an employee with the
claimant’s experience and training can be expected to earn in that job; and 3) an
actual position is available for that particular job at the time that the claimant received
notification of the job’s existence.
Louisiana Pigment failed to introduce any evidence to prove the likely
wage of Mr. Tauzin as a result of the disability and provided no evidence to establish
that a suitable job existed within the geographical area. We also note that there was
no vocational rehabilitation counselor utilized. The WCJ was legally correct in
finding that the defendants failed to carry their burden of production and factually
correct in interpreting the facts because no evidence was produced to support their
claim. Consequently, we affirm the trial court’s judgment allowing Mr. Tauzin SEB.
IV.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court’s judgment that Mr.
Tauzin suffered a compensable accident that occurred during and within the scope of
employment and is entitled to supplemental earnings benefit. All costs of this appeal
are assessed to appellants, Louisiana Pigment and Zurich American Insurance
Company.