FILED COURT OF APPEALS DIV I STATE OF WASHINGTON
Z0IUAN2I AHIIs U8
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
MICHAEL SMITH, No. 69408-1-1
Appellant, DIVISION ONE
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR & UNPUBLISHED OPINION INDUSTRIES, and EASTSIDE GLASS & SEALANTS,
Respondents. FILED: January 21, 2014
Schindler, J. — Michael Smith challenges dismissal of his appeal of the decision
and order of the Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals. Because Smith did not comply
with the mandatory statutory service requirements of RCW 51.52.110, we affirm.
FACTS
The facts are undisputed. On December 19, 2011, the Board of Industrial
Insurance Appeals (Board) issued a decision and order denying Smith's request for
worker compensation benefits. Smith's attorney received a copy of the Board's decision
and order on December 21, 2011. Smith filed a notice of appeal in the superior court on
January 20, 2012. Smith mailed a copy of the notice of appeal to the Department of
Labor and Industries (Department), the Board, and the Attorney General's Office (AGO),
with a postmark of January 23, 2012. No. 69408-1-1/2
The Department filed a motion to dismiss for failure to perfect the appeal. The
Department argued that Smith did not comply with the statutory requirement to serve a
copy of the notice of appeal on the Department and the Board within 30 days after the
Board's decision and order as required by RCW 51.52.110. The Department provided
copies of the envelopes with a postmark of January 23, 2012 that were sent to the
Department, the Board, and the AGO.
In opposition, Smith submitted a declaration from his attorney and the attorney's
paralegal. The paralegal stated that she had "no specific recollection of the filing or
mailing" of the notice of appeal but, based on the certificate of service, believed that she
had mailed the notice of appeal "in sealed envelopes, with postage prepaid" to the
Department, the Board, and the AGO on January 20, 2012. Smith's attorney stated that
"[i]n the week leading up to January 20, 2012, the region suffered from severe winter
snow and ice storms" but "we did not lose power and were open for business."
The superior court scheduled an evidentiary hearing on service. Witnesses for
the Board, the Department, and the AGO testified that they did not receive the notice of
appeal until January 25, 2012. Smith's paralegal testified that "[according to my
Certificate of Service it says I mailed it on January 20th and that's all I can rely on." The
paralegal was not able to explain why the envelopes were postmarked January 23,
2012. The paralegal did not recall snow or ice causing her any problems that day.
At the conclusion of the hearing, the court found that Smith did not timely serve
the notice of appeal: "[W]hat was consistent with each of the State's witnesses is that No. 69408-1-1/3
they recall receiving only one envelope, all those envelopes were dated January 23rd,
there's no record of any envelopes dated January 20th." However, the court reserved
ruling on the motion to dismiss pending submission of additional briefing on whether the
court had discretion to allow the appeal to proceed despite untimely service.
Following submission of additional briefing, the court granted the motion to
dismiss and entered findings of fact and conclusions of law. The findings state:
1.1 On December 21, 2011, Plaintiff's counsel received the Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals' Decision and Order dated December 19,2011. 1.2 Plaintiffs 30-day time limit to file and serve his notice of appeal expired on January 20, 2012. 1.3 On January 20, 2012, Plaintifffiled an appeal to the December 19, 2011 Decision and Order with the King County Superior Court. 1.4 Plaintiff served the Board, the Department, and the Attorney General's Office on or after January 23, 2012.
The court concluded that Smith's appeal had not been perfected as required by RCW
51.52.110. Smith appeals.
ANALYSIS
On appeal, Smith does not challenge the court's findings.1 Smith concedes he
did not serve the notice of appeal on the Board, the Department, or the AGO within the
30-day time limit as required by RCW 51.52.110. Nevertheless, Smith asserts that the
superior court erred in failing to recognize it had the discretion to allow his appeal to
proceed despite untimely service.
1Unchallenged findings are verities on appeal. In re Marriage ofVander Veen, 62 Wn. App. 861, 865, 815 P.2d 843 (1991). No. 69408-1-1/4
We review de novo a superior court's dismissal of an action for insufficient
service of process. Witt v. Port of Olvmpia. 126 Wn. App. 752, 757, 109 P.3d 489
(2005). RCW 51.52.110 establishes the exclusive means of appealing from a decision
of the Board:
Within thirty days after a decision of the board to deny the petition or petitions for review upon such appeal has been communicated to such worker, beneficiary, employer or other person, or within thirty days after the final decision and order of the board upon such appeal has been communicated to such worker, beneficiary, employer or other person, or within thirty days after the appeal is denied as herein provided, such worker, beneficiary, employer or other person aggrieved bv the decision and order of the board mav appeal to the superior court.... ... Such appeal shall be perfected bv filing with the clerk of the court a notice ofappeal and bv serving a copy thereof bv mail, or personally, on the director and on the board.[]
The statute is clear and unambiguous. In order to perfect an appeal of a Board
decision and order, the appellant "shall" serve a copy of the notice of appeal in person
or by mail on the Board and the Department. RCW 51.52.110. Such service must be
accomplished within 30 days of the Board's decision and order being communicated to
the appellant. RCW 51.52.110; Fay v. Nw. Airlines, Inc., 115 Wn.2d 194, 198, 796 P.2d
412 (1990). The word "shall" in a statute imposes a mandatory duty unless a contrary
legislative intent is apparent. State v. Krall, 125 Wn.2d 146,148, 881 P.2d 1040 (1994).
By contrast, where a statute says that a matter "may" be dismissed for failure to
substantially comply with the service requirement, dismissal is discretionary and we
review a superior court's decision to dismiss for abuse of that discretion. Spokane
(Emphasis added.) No. 69408-1-1/5
County v. E. Wash. Growth Mgmt. Hearings Bd.. 173 Wn. App. 310, 323-24, 293 P.3d
1248(2013).
We conclude the legislature's use of the word "shall" in describing the
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FILED COURT OF APPEALS DIV I STATE OF WASHINGTON
Z0IUAN2I AHIIs U8
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
MICHAEL SMITH, No. 69408-1-1
Appellant, DIVISION ONE
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR & UNPUBLISHED OPINION INDUSTRIES, and EASTSIDE GLASS & SEALANTS,
Respondents. FILED: January 21, 2014
Schindler, J. — Michael Smith challenges dismissal of his appeal of the decision
and order of the Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals. Because Smith did not comply
with the mandatory statutory service requirements of RCW 51.52.110, we affirm.
FACTS
The facts are undisputed. On December 19, 2011, the Board of Industrial
Insurance Appeals (Board) issued a decision and order denying Smith's request for
worker compensation benefits. Smith's attorney received a copy of the Board's decision
and order on December 21, 2011. Smith filed a notice of appeal in the superior court on
January 20, 2012. Smith mailed a copy of the notice of appeal to the Department of
Labor and Industries (Department), the Board, and the Attorney General's Office (AGO),
with a postmark of January 23, 2012. No. 69408-1-1/2
The Department filed a motion to dismiss for failure to perfect the appeal. The
Department argued that Smith did not comply with the statutory requirement to serve a
copy of the notice of appeal on the Department and the Board within 30 days after the
Board's decision and order as required by RCW 51.52.110. The Department provided
copies of the envelopes with a postmark of January 23, 2012 that were sent to the
Department, the Board, and the AGO.
In opposition, Smith submitted a declaration from his attorney and the attorney's
paralegal. The paralegal stated that she had "no specific recollection of the filing or
mailing" of the notice of appeal but, based on the certificate of service, believed that she
had mailed the notice of appeal "in sealed envelopes, with postage prepaid" to the
Department, the Board, and the AGO on January 20, 2012. Smith's attorney stated that
"[i]n the week leading up to January 20, 2012, the region suffered from severe winter
snow and ice storms" but "we did not lose power and were open for business."
The superior court scheduled an evidentiary hearing on service. Witnesses for
the Board, the Department, and the AGO testified that they did not receive the notice of
appeal until January 25, 2012. Smith's paralegal testified that "[according to my
Certificate of Service it says I mailed it on January 20th and that's all I can rely on." The
paralegal was not able to explain why the envelopes were postmarked January 23,
2012. The paralegal did not recall snow or ice causing her any problems that day.
At the conclusion of the hearing, the court found that Smith did not timely serve
the notice of appeal: "[W]hat was consistent with each of the State's witnesses is that No. 69408-1-1/3
they recall receiving only one envelope, all those envelopes were dated January 23rd,
there's no record of any envelopes dated January 20th." However, the court reserved
ruling on the motion to dismiss pending submission of additional briefing on whether the
court had discretion to allow the appeal to proceed despite untimely service.
Following submission of additional briefing, the court granted the motion to
dismiss and entered findings of fact and conclusions of law. The findings state:
1.1 On December 21, 2011, Plaintiff's counsel received the Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals' Decision and Order dated December 19,2011. 1.2 Plaintiffs 30-day time limit to file and serve his notice of appeal expired on January 20, 2012. 1.3 On January 20, 2012, Plaintifffiled an appeal to the December 19, 2011 Decision and Order with the King County Superior Court. 1.4 Plaintiff served the Board, the Department, and the Attorney General's Office on or after January 23, 2012.
The court concluded that Smith's appeal had not been perfected as required by RCW
51.52.110. Smith appeals.
ANALYSIS
On appeal, Smith does not challenge the court's findings.1 Smith concedes he
did not serve the notice of appeal on the Board, the Department, or the AGO within the
30-day time limit as required by RCW 51.52.110. Nevertheless, Smith asserts that the
superior court erred in failing to recognize it had the discretion to allow his appeal to
proceed despite untimely service.
1Unchallenged findings are verities on appeal. In re Marriage ofVander Veen, 62 Wn. App. 861, 865, 815 P.2d 843 (1991). No. 69408-1-1/4
We review de novo a superior court's dismissal of an action for insufficient
service of process. Witt v. Port of Olvmpia. 126 Wn. App. 752, 757, 109 P.3d 489
(2005). RCW 51.52.110 establishes the exclusive means of appealing from a decision
of the Board:
Within thirty days after a decision of the board to deny the petition or petitions for review upon such appeal has been communicated to such worker, beneficiary, employer or other person, or within thirty days after the final decision and order of the board upon such appeal has been communicated to such worker, beneficiary, employer or other person, or within thirty days after the appeal is denied as herein provided, such worker, beneficiary, employer or other person aggrieved bv the decision and order of the board mav appeal to the superior court.... ... Such appeal shall be perfected bv filing with the clerk of the court a notice ofappeal and bv serving a copy thereof bv mail, or personally, on the director and on the board.[]
The statute is clear and unambiguous. In order to perfect an appeal of a Board
decision and order, the appellant "shall" serve a copy of the notice of appeal in person
or by mail on the Board and the Department. RCW 51.52.110. Such service must be
accomplished within 30 days of the Board's decision and order being communicated to
the appellant. RCW 51.52.110; Fay v. Nw. Airlines, Inc., 115 Wn.2d 194, 198, 796 P.2d
412 (1990). The word "shall" in a statute imposes a mandatory duty unless a contrary
legislative intent is apparent. State v. Krall, 125 Wn.2d 146,148, 881 P.2d 1040 (1994).
By contrast, where a statute says that a matter "may" be dismissed for failure to
substantially comply with the service requirement, dismissal is discretionary and we
review a superior court's decision to dismiss for abuse of that discretion. Spokane
(Emphasis added.) No. 69408-1-1/5
County v. E. Wash. Growth Mgmt. Hearings Bd.. 173 Wn. App. 310, 323-24, 293 P.3d
1248(2013).
We conclude the legislature's use of the word "shall" in describing the
appellant's duty to perfect the appeal imposes a mandatory obligation to serve the
notice of appeal on the Board and the Department within the 30-day time limit. RCW
51.52.110. Because there is no dispute Smith did not comply with RCW 51.52.110, the
superior court did not err in dismissing his appeal.
Sprint Spectrum, LP v. Department of Revenue, 156 Wn. App. 949, 235 P.3d 849
(2010), is analogous and supports our conclusion. Sprint Spectrum involved the service
requirements for an appeal of an administrative agency's final order under the
Administrative Procedure Act (APA), chapter 34.05 RCW. RCW 34.05.542(2) requires
that "[a] petition for judicial review of an order shall be filed with the court and served on
the agency, the office of the attorney general, and all parties of record within thirty days
afterservice ofthe final order."3 The appellant in Sprint Spectrum served copies of its notice of appeal on the Department of Revenue but did not serve the Board of Tax
Appeals. Sprint Spectrum, 156 Wn. App. at 952. On appeal, we held that under the
plain and unambiguous language of the statute, the failure to timely serve a copy of the
notice of appeal on the Board of Tax Appeals supported the superior court's dismissal
of the appeal. Sprint Spectrum. 156 Wn. App. at 953-55.
3(Emphasis added.) No. 69408-1-1/6
Smith attempts to distinguish Sprint Spectrum on two grounds. First, Smith
argues that unlike the APA, the Industrial Insurance Act (MA), Title 51 RCW, is to be
"liberally construed" in the employee's favor. See RCW 51.12.010; Dennis v. Dep't of
Labor & Indus., 109 Wn.2d 467, 470, 745 P.2d 1295 (1987). Accordingly, "where
reasonable minds can differ over what Title 51 RCW provisions mean, in keeping with
the legislation's fundamental purpose, the benefit of the doubt belongs to the injured
worker." Cockle v. Dep't of Labor & Indus.. 142 Wn.2d 801, 811, 16 P.3d 583 (2001).
But here, because the requirement to perfect an appeal of a decision and order under
the IIA is not ambiguous, reasonable minds cannot differ.
Smith also claims that Sprint Spectrum held that dismissal of the appeal was
appropriate because the failure to comply with the statutory requirements deprived the
superior court of subject matter jurisdiction. Citing ZDl Gaming, Inc. v. Washington
State Gambling Commission, 173 Wn.2d 608, 268 P.3d 929 (2012), Smith argues that
"the existence of subject matter jurisdiction is a matter of law and does not depend on
procedural rules." ZDJ, 173 Wn.2d at 617. But Sprint Spectrum did not affirm dismissal
of the appeal on jurisdictional grounds. The court held that the "failure to timely serve a
copy of the petition on the Board was a failure to comply with the express terms of the
statute," and "noncompliance with the service requirements of the statute supports the
superior court's dismissal of the petition." Sprint Spectrum. 156 Wn. App. at 955, 963. No. 69408-1-1/7
Because the uncontroverted facts establish that Smith did not comply with the
mandatory statutory requirements under RCW 51.52.110 to perfect his appeal of the
Board's decision and order, we affirm.
%JL^w» Q£*-J WE CONCUR:
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