1 JS-6 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 WESTERN DIVISION 11 MICHAEL RICHARD ) No. 2:20-cv-02657-JVS (JDE) ) 12 HATHAWAY, ) Petitioner, ) ORDER DENYING “REQUEST 13 ) FOR FINAL DISPOSITION OF v. ) 14 ) WARRANTS, DETAINERS, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) INFORMATION UNDER THE 15 Respondent. ) ) TITLE 18 U.S.C. §§ 3161” AND 16 ) DISMISSING ACTION ) ) 17 18 I. 19 INTRODUCTION 20 On March 20, 2020, Michael Richard Hathaway (“Petitioner”), a federal 21 inmate at the federal Metropolitan Detention Center in Los Angeles, 22 California, instituted a proceeding in this Court by filing a document titled 23 “Request for Final Disposition of Warrants, Detainers, Information under the 24 Title 18 U.S.C. §§ 3161” (Dkt. 1, “Request”), asking this Court to enter “a 25 final Disposition” in “Case. No. LAX8AR2370901,” apparently a California 26 state prosecution (the “State Prosecution”). Request at 1. 27 Petitioner asserts he “elects to [w]aive his rights” in the State Prosecution 28 and asks that “any sentence(s), disposition, or orders entered in absentia should 1 be resolved with concurrent and conterminous sentence(s) concurrently being 2 served, with credit for all time since the warrant or detainer was placed.” 3 Request at 2. He contends that the outstanding charges in the State Prosecution 4 are “affecting the terms and conditions of his confinement, which produce 5 uncertainties which obstruct programs of [his] treatment, rehabilitation, and/or 6 classification purposes.” Id. at 1. Petitioner bases his Request on 18 U.S.C. § 7 3161, Smith v. Hooey, 393 U.S. 374 (1969), Gannon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778 8 (1978), and Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471 (1972) and contends “the United 9 States has a Constitutional duty to make a diligent, good faith effort to bring a 10 prisoner serving a term in another state to trial. Id. at 1-2. 11 Petitioner attaches: (1) a “California Penal Code Section 1381.5 12 Demand for Speedy Resolution of Pending Charges by Federal Inmate,” 13 referencing the State Prosecution, requesting a “speedy resolution” of 14 “Removal or Warrant/Detainer” stemming from charges in Los Angeles 15 County; (2) an “IAD Place of Imprisonment” form directed to “Prosecuting 16 Office” of “Superior Court” for Los Angeles County referencing the Interstate 17 Agreement on Detainers; and (3) a “Detainer Action Letter” from the Federal 18 Bureau of Prisons (“BOP”) directed to the Santa Monica Police Department 19 referencing the State Prosecution, noting the receipt of a “misdemeanor bench 20 warrant” and detainer filed against Petitioner, and noting his tentative release 21 date from BOP custody as April 12, 2020. Request at 4-6. 22 As explained below, as this Court lacks jurisdiction and cannot provide 23 the relief Petitioner seeks, the Request is denied, and this matter is dismissed. 24 II. 25 DISCUSSION 26 “‘Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction,’ possessing ‘only that 27 power authorized by Constitution and statute.’” Gunn v. Minton, 568 U.S. 28 251, 256 (2013) (quoting Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 511 1 U.S. 375, 377 (1994)). A district court’s “power to issue any form of relief— 2 extraordinary or otherwise—is contingent on that court's subject-matter 3 jurisdiction over the case or controversy.” United States v. Denedo, 556 U.S. 4 904, 911 (2009). 5 “The power of a federal habeas court ‘lies to enforce the right of personal 6 liberty.’ As such, a habeas court ‘has the power to release’ a prisoner, but ‘has 7 no other power[.]’ ” Douglas v. Jacquez, 626 F.3d 501, 504 (9th Cir. 2010) 8 (citation omitted); see also Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 484 (1973) 9 (“[T]he essence of habeas corpus is an attack by a person in custody upon the 10 legality of that custody, and that the traditional function of the writ is to secure 11 release from illegal custody.”); Crawford v. Bell, 599 F.2d 890, 891 (9th Cir. 12 1979) (“[T]he writ of habeas corpus is limited to attacks upon the legality or 13 duration of confinement.”). 14 “If the court determines at anytime that it lacks subject-matter 15 jurisdiction, the court must dismiss the action.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(3); see 16 also Cal. Diversified Promotions, Inc. v. Musick, 505 F.2d 278, 280 (9th Cir. 17 1974) (“It has long been held that a judge can dismiss sua sponte for lack of 18 jurisdiction.”). Further, under Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 19 Cases in the United States District Court (“Federal Habeas Rules”), “[i]f it 20 plainly appears from the face of the petition and any attached exhibits that the 21 petitioner is not entitled to relief in the district court, the judge must dismiss 22 the petition.” See also O’Bremski v. Maass, 915 F.2d 418, 420 (9th Cir. 1990). 23 A “Magistrate Judge promptly shall examine a petition for writ of habeas 24 corpus, and if it plainly appears from the face of the petition and any exhibits 25 annexed to it that the petitioner is not entitled to relief, the Magistrate Judge 26 may prepare a proposed order for summary dismissal and submit it and a 27 proposed judgment to the District Judge.” Local Rule of Court 72-3.2. 28 1 In addition, in Middlesex County Ethics Comm. v. Garden State Bar 2 Ass’n, 457 U.S. 423 (1982), the Supreme Court held that absent extraordinary 3 circumstances not present here, a federal court should abstain from hearing a 4 suit under Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971) if deciding the merits of the 5 suit would interfere with a state proceeding that: (1) is ongoing, (2) implicates 6 important state interests, and (3) provides an adequate opportunity to raise 7 federal questions. Middlesex, 457 U.S. at 432; see also Gilbertson v. Albright, 8 381 F.3d 965, 978 (9th Cir. 2004) (en banc) (recognizing implied fourth 9 requirement that the federal court action would “enjoin the proceeding, or 10 have the practical effect of doing so”). In Sprint Communications, Inc. v. 11 Jacobs, 571 U.S. 69, 73 (2013), the Supreme Court clarified that the Younger 12 abstention doctrine only applies to certain “exceptional” classes of cases, 13 including state criminal prosecutions. 14 Here, Petitioner, who names the United States as the sole respondent, 15 asks this Court to accept his “[w]aive[r of] his rights” and enter “a final 16 Disposition of the [State Prosecution] in absentia.” Request at 1. His request 17 fails for several reasons. 18 First this Court lacks jurisdiction to accept a waiver and enter a 19 “disposition” in a pending state court criminal proceeding.
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1 JS-6 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 WESTERN DIVISION 11 MICHAEL RICHARD ) No. 2:20-cv-02657-JVS (JDE) ) 12 HATHAWAY, ) Petitioner, ) ORDER DENYING “REQUEST 13 ) FOR FINAL DISPOSITION OF v. ) 14 ) WARRANTS, DETAINERS, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) INFORMATION UNDER THE 15 Respondent. ) ) TITLE 18 U.S.C. §§ 3161” AND 16 ) DISMISSING ACTION ) ) 17 18 I. 19 INTRODUCTION 20 On March 20, 2020, Michael Richard Hathaway (“Petitioner”), a federal 21 inmate at the federal Metropolitan Detention Center in Los Angeles, 22 California, instituted a proceeding in this Court by filing a document titled 23 “Request for Final Disposition of Warrants, Detainers, Information under the 24 Title 18 U.S.C. §§ 3161” (Dkt. 1, “Request”), asking this Court to enter “a 25 final Disposition” in “Case. No. LAX8AR2370901,” apparently a California 26 state prosecution (the “State Prosecution”). Request at 1. 27 Petitioner asserts he “elects to [w]aive his rights” in the State Prosecution 28 and asks that “any sentence(s), disposition, or orders entered in absentia should 1 be resolved with concurrent and conterminous sentence(s) concurrently being 2 served, with credit for all time since the warrant or detainer was placed.” 3 Request at 2. He contends that the outstanding charges in the State Prosecution 4 are “affecting the terms and conditions of his confinement, which produce 5 uncertainties which obstruct programs of [his] treatment, rehabilitation, and/or 6 classification purposes.” Id. at 1. Petitioner bases his Request on 18 U.S.C. § 7 3161, Smith v. Hooey, 393 U.S. 374 (1969), Gannon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778 8 (1978), and Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471 (1972) and contends “the United 9 States has a Constitutional duty to make a diligent, good faith effort to bring a 10 prisoner serving a term in another state to trial. Id. at 1-2. 11 Petitioner attaches: (1) a “California Penal Code Section 1381.5 12 Demand for Speedy Resolution of Pending Charges by Federal Inmate,” 13 referencing the State Prosecution, requesting a “speedy resolution” of 14 “Removal or Warrant/Detainer” stemming from charges in Los Angeles 15 County; (2) an “IAD Place of Imprisonment” form directed to “Prosecuting 16 Office” of “Superior Court” for Los Angeles County referencing the Interstate 17 Agreement on Detainers; and (3) a “Detainer Action Letter” from the Federal 18 Bureau of Prisons (“BOP”) directed to the Santa Monica Police Department 19 referencing the State Prosecution, noting the receipt of a “misdemeanor bench 20 warrant” and detainer filed against Petitioner, and noting his tentative release 21 date from BOP custody as April 12, 2020. Request at 4-6. 22 As explained below, as this Court lacks jurisdiction and cannot provide 23 the relief Petitioner seeks, the Request is denied, and this matter is dismissed. 24 II. 25 DISCUSSION 26 “‘Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction,’ possessing ‘only that 27 power authorized by Constitution and statute.’” Gunn v. Minton, 568 U.S. 28 251, 256 (2013) (quoting Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 511 1 U.S. 375, 377 (1994)). A district court’s “power to issue any form of relief— 2 extraordinary or otherwise—is contingent on that court's subject-matter 3 jurisdiction over the case or controversy.” United States v. Denedo, 556 U.S. 4 904, 911 (2009). 5 “The power of a federal habeas court ‘lies to enforce the right of personal 6 liberty.’ As such, a habeas court ‘has the power to release’ a prisoner, but ‘has 7 no other power[.]’ ” Douglas v. Jacquez, 626 F.3d 501, 504 (9th Cir. 2010) 8 (citation omitted); see also Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 484 (1973) 9 (“[T]he essence of habeas corpus is an attack by a person in custody upon the 10 legality of that custody, and that the traditional function of the writ is to secure 11 release from illegal custody.”); Crawford v. Bell, 599 F.2d 890, 891 (9th Cir. 12 1979) (“[T]he writ of habeas corpus is limited to attacks upon the legality or 13 duration of confinement.”). 14 “If the court determines at anytime that it lacks subject-matter 15 jurisdiction, the court must dismiss the action.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(3); see 16 also Cal. Diversified Promotions, Inc. v. Musick, 505 F.2d 278, 280 (9th Cir. 17 1974) (“It has long been held that a judge can dismiss sua sponte for lack of 18 jurisdiction.”). Further, under Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 19 Cases in the United States District Court (“Federal Habeas Rules”), “[i]f it 20 plainly appears from the face of the petition and any attached exhibits that the 21 petitioner is not entitled to relief in the district court, the judge must dismiss 22 the petition.” See also O’Bremski v. Maass, 915 F.2d 418, 420 (9th Cir. 1990). 23 A “Magistrate Judge promptly shall examine a petition for writ of habeas 24 corpus, and if it plainly appears from the face of the petition and any exhibits 25 annexed to it that the petitioner is not entitled to relief, the Magistrate Judge 26 may prepare a proposed order for summary dismissal and submit it and a 27 proposed judgment to the District Judge.” Local Rule of Court 72-3.2. 28 1 In addition, in Middlesex County Ethics Comm. v. Garden State Bar 2 Ass’n, 457 U.S. 423 (1982), the Supreme Court held that absent extraordinary 3 circumstances not present here, a federal court should abstain from hearing a 4 suit under Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971) if deciding the merits of the 5 suit would interfere with a state proceeding that: (1) is ongoing, (2) implicates 6 important state interests, and (3) provides an adequate opportunity to raise 7 federal questions. Middlesex, 457 U.S. at 432; see also Gilbertson v. Albright, 8 381 F.3d 965, 978 (9th Cir. 2004) (en banc) (recognizing implied fourth 9 requirement that the federal court action would “enjoin the proceeding, or 10 have the practical effect of doing so”). In Sprint Communications, Inc. v. 11 Jacobs, 571 U.S. 69, 73 (2013), the Supreme Court clarified that the Younger 12 abstention doctrine only applies to certain “exceptional” classes of cases, 13 including state criminal prosecutions. 14 Here, Petitioner, who names the United States as the sole respondent, 15 asks this Court to accept his “[w]aive[r of] his rights” and enter “a final 16 Disposition of the [State Prosecution] in absentia.” Request at 1. His request 17 fails for several reasons. 18 First this Court lacks jurisdiction to accept a waiver and enter a 19 “disposition” in a pending state court criminal proceeding. 20 Second, even if such jurisdiction existed, the Court would abstain, under 21 Younger, from interfering with ongoing state criminal proceedings, in which 22 Petitioner has an adequate opportunity to raise any alleged Sixth Amendment 23 Speedy Trial Clause violations or state speedy trial remedies. 24 Third, to the extent Petitioner seeks relief under the Interstate Agreement 25 on Detainers (18 U.S.C. App’x 2, “IAD”), the Request substantively fails. The 26 IAD requires a state, who has lodged a detainer for untried criminal charges 27 against a person in custody of the United States or another state, to bring the 28 1 person to trial within 180 after the person delivers, among other things, a 2 request for a final determination of the action. Id., Art. III(a). When a prisoner 3 makes a request under Article III(a), the official having his custody must notify 4 the appropriate state prosecuting officers and courts of the prisoner’s request. 5 Id., Art. III(d). Here, Petitioner made his IAD request on March 2, 2020. See 6 Request at 5. Assuming Petitioner’s request meets the requirements of the 7 IAD, absent a “reasonable continuance” based on “good cause” (Art. III(a)), 8 the State of California must bring him to trial on the State Prosecution by 9 August 31, 2020. Thus, any such prosecution is not currently untimely under 10 the IAD. Further, the appropriate venue for Petitioner to raise the issue in the 11 first instance would be in the prosecuting court, not this Court. 12 None of the authority cited by Petitioner changes the foregoing analysis. 13 First, Petitioner’s reliance on the federal Speedy Trial Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3161 is 14 misplaced. Although 18 U.S.C. § 3161(j) contains procedures for instances 15 when a person facing federal charges is in custody another jurisdiction, the 16 substance of the federal Speedy Trial Act does not apply to state court 17 proceedings. See Ross v. Stewart, 32 F. App’x 227, 230 (9th Cir. 2020) 18 (unpublished). Second, in Smith v. Hooey, 393 U.S. 374, 382-83 (1969), the 19 Supreme Court held that the charging state had “a constitutional duty to make 20 a diligent, good-faith effort to bring” a person facing state charges to trial in 21 state court and ordered the case remanded the case to state court. It did not 22 hold that a federal district court had an independent duty, or jurisdiction, to 23 oversee, in the first instance, a claim that a state court had not acted with such 24 diligence seeking a detainee’s presence for trial. Third, the Supreme Court in 25 Gannon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778 (1978) and Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 26 471 (1972) addressed the due process requirements for probation and parole 27 revocation proceedings, issues which are not relevant to Petitioner’s Request. 28 1 Here, for the reasons set forth above, the Court lacks subject matter 2 jurisdiction over the Request and, even if such jurisdiction exited, Petitioner is 3 ||not entitled to the relief he seeks. 4 IV. 5 ORDER 6 Therefore, pursuant to Rule 12(h)(3) of the Federal Rules of Civil 7 Procedure, Rule 4 of the Federal Habeas Rules, and Local Rule of Court 72- 8 || 3.2, 9 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: (1) Petitioner’s Request (Dkt. 1) is 10 || DENIED without prejudice to Petitioner seeking relief in state court; and (2) 11 matter is dismissed. 12 13 || Dated: March 31, 2020 cy [saga 14 \ hac (/ Aen 15 UY JAMES V.S LNA United States District Judge 16 || Presented by: 17 18 f ye hE 19 D. EARLY 20 ited States Magistrate Judge 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28