COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Clements, Felton and McClanahan Argued at Alexandria, Virginia
MICHAEL RAY ASHLEY MEMORANDUM OPINION∗ BY v. Record No. 2234-03-4 JUDGE ELIZABETH A. McCLANAHAN AUGUST 31, 2004 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FREDERICK COUNTY John R. Prosser, Judge
Roger A. Inger (Roger A. Inger, P.C., on brief), for appellant.
Michael T. Judge, Assistant Attorney General (Jerry W. Kilgore, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Having entered a conditional plea of guilty in the Circuit Court of Frederick County for
driving after having been declared an habitual offender in violation of Code § 46.2-357, Michael
Ray Ashley appeals the denial of a motion to suppress evidence. Ashley contends the trial court
erred, as a matter of law, in ruling that his actions gave the police reasonable, articulable
suspicion that he was attempting to evade a roadblock.1 Reasonable suspicion justifies an
investigative stop, and supports the denial of a motion to suppress evidence obtained as a result
of the stop. Logan v. Commonwealth, 19 Va. App. 437, 441-43, 452 S.E.2d 364, 367-68 (1994).
For the reasons that follow, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
∗ Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 1 Ashley also argues, in response to a directive from this Court, that his notice of appeal in this case was timely filed. We agree. I. BACKGROUND
When addressing an allegation of error arising from a ruling on a motion to suppress, we
review the evidence in the light most favorable to the party prevailing below, together with all
reasonable inferences that may be drawn. See Smith v. Commonwealth, 41 Va. App. 704, 712,
589 S.E.2d 17, 21 (2003). On August 30, 2001, the Frederick County Sheriff’s Office and the
West Virginia State Police set up a traffic roadblock on Route 50 at the state line between
Frederick County, Virginia and West Virginia. Five deputies and two to three Virginia State
Troopers were present at the roadblock. The police officers present at the roadblock wore vests,
the police cars were marked units with their lights on, and a three-foot sign on the side of the
road announced the traffic roadblock. The roadblock was near the intersection of Route 50 and
Twine Lane. Approximately two hundred and twenty-four feet from the intersection, a dirt
driveway serving a private residence connects Route 50 and Twine Lane and bypasses the
intersection.
Deputy Sardelis saw Ashley’s car pull up to the end of the line of cars waiting to pass
through the roadblock. The car stopped there for one to two seconds, and then abruptly turned
into the dirt driveway. Ashley’s car drove past the house served by the driveway, and continued
until it emerged on Twine Lane, bypassing the roadblock. Deputy Sardelis stopped the car as it
reached Twine Lane. After being stopped, Ashley told Deputy Sardelis that he did not know the
residents of the house served by the driveway and that he was just going to a business, though he
failed to specify exactly which business. As a result of the stop, Deputy Sardelis determined that
Ashley did not have a driver’s license and had been declared an habitual offender in Virginia.
Ashley testified at the suppression hearing that when he stopped in the line of traffic
before the roadblock, he did not see the roadblock and thought that there might be an accident
-2- causing the traffic backup. Ashley also testified that he was using the driveway to reach a car
dealership that was across Twine Lane.
The trial court found that Deputy Sardelis had a reasonable suspicion that Ashley was
attempting to evade a legal traffic roadblock in order to make the stop, and denied Ashley’s
motion to suppress. Ashley subsequently entered a conditional guilty plea, preserving his right
to appeal the denial of his motion to suppress.
II. ANALYSIS
Ashley argues that there was no reasonable, articulable suspicion that he was attempting
unlawfully to evade a roadblock. He states that his turn onto the driveway was a lawful driving
maneuver that, without more, could not provide the necessary level of suspicion to support a
stop. See Bass v. Commonwealth, 259 Va. 470, 525 S.E.2d 921 (2000); Murphy v.
Commonwealth, 9 Va. App. 139, 384 S.E.2d 125 (1989). We disagree.
In both Murphy and Bass, stops made by police officers who believed that the appellants
in those cases had been trying to avoid traffic roadblocks were held improper. In Murphy, the
driver made a turn onto a dead-end street three hundred and fifty feet from a traffic checkpoint,
after which the driver was stopped by a police officer for attempting to evade a traffic
checkpoint. The Court stated that making a legal turn before reaching a traffic checkpoint is not
enough to provide the officer with reasonable suspicion unless it “is coupled with other
articulable facts, such as erratic driving, a traffic violation, or some behavior which
independently raises suspicion of criminal activity.” Murphy, 9 Va. App. at 145, 384 S.E.2d at
128. Similarly, in Bass, the driver approached a traffic checkpoint and made a turn five hundred
feet from the checkpoint into a gas station parking lot, which he passed through, and exited onto
the roadway in the opposite direction from the traffic checkpoint. The Supreme Court held that
the turn was a legal maneuver and provided the officer with only a “hunch,” not articulable
-3- reasonable suspicion, that the defendant chose to avoid the traffic checkpoint. Bass, 259 Va. at
477-78, 525 S.E.2d at 925.
Although Ashley argues that the actions taken by the drivers in Murphy and Bass were
more suspicious than his maneuver, the trial court in the instant case noted that the facts in those
cases did not involve a stop before the legal turn. The trial court considered this distinction
critical.
Based on two prior cases of this Court bearing a striking resemblance to the instant case,
we conclude that the trial court did not err in denying Ashley’s motion to suppress. See
Lovelace v. Commonwealth, 37 Va. App. 120, 554 S.E.2d 688 (2001); Bailey v.
Commonwealth, 28 Va. App. 724, 508 S.E.2d 889 (1999). In Lovelace, the driver approached a
traffic roadblock and as he neared it, slowed down and came to a complete stop. After a second
or two, he then turned left onto a private driveway. The driveway was semi-circular, and the
driver was driving around the contour of the driveway. He was beginning to exit the driveway
and proceed in the opposite direction of the traffic roadblock when an officer stopped him. The
Court held that the stop was proper. “Although Lovelace’s turn into the driveway was
intrinsically lawful, the circumstances surrounding that turn were suspicious. Lovelace
approached the roadblock, stopped in the roadway for ‘a second or two’ and observed the
checkpoint before turning into a private driveway.” Lovelace, 37 Va. App. at 127, 554 S.E.2d at
691.
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Clements, Felton and McClanahan Argued at Alexandria, Virginia
MICHAEL RAY ASHLEY MEMORANDUM OPINION∗ BY v. Record No. 2234-03-4 JUDGE ELIZABETH A. McCLANAHAN AUGUST 31, 2004 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FREDERICK COUNTY John R. Prosser, Judge
Roger A. Inger (Roger A. Inger, P.C., on brief), for appellant.
Michael T. Judge, Assistant Attorney General (Jerry W. Kilgore, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Having entered a conditional plea of guilty in the Circuit Court of Frederick County for
driving after having been declared an habitual offender in violation of Code § 46.2-357, Michael
Ray Ashley appeals the denial of a motion to suppress evidence. Ashley contends the trial court
erred, as a matter of law, in ruling that his actions gave the police reasonable, articulable
suspicion that he was attempting to evade a roadblock.1 Reasonable suspicion justifies an
investigative stop, and supports the denial of a motion to suppress evidence obtained as a result
of the stop. Logan v. Commonwealth, 19 Va. App. 437, 441-43, 452 S.E.2d 364, 367-68 (1994).
For the reasons that follow, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
∗ Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 1 Ashley also argues, in response to a directive from this Court, that his notice of appeal in this case was timely filed. We agree. I. BACKGROUND
When addressing an allegation of error arising from a ruling on a motion to suppress, we
review the evidence in the light most favorable to the party prevailing below, together with all
reasonable inferences that may be drawn. See Smith v. Commonwealth, 41 Va. App. 704, 712,
589 S.E.2d 17, 21 (2003). On August 30, 2001, the Frederick County Sheriff’s Office and the
West Virginia State Police set up a traffic roadblock on Route 50 at the state line between
Frederick County, Virginia and West Virginia. Five deputies and two to three Virginia State
Troopers were present at the roadblock. The police officers present at the roadblock wore vests,
the police cars were marked units with their lights on, and a three-foot sign on the side of the
road announced the traffic roadblock. The roadblock was near the intersection of Route 50 and
Twine Lane. Approximately two hundred and twenty-four feet from the intersection, a dirt
driveway serving a private residence connects Route 50 and Twine Lane and bypasses the
intersection.
Deputy Sardelis saw Ashley’s car pull up to the end of the line of cars waiting to pass
through the roadblock. The car stopped there for one to two seconds, and then abruptly turned
into the dirt driveway. Ashley’s car drove past the house served by the driveway, and continued
until it emerged on Twine Lane, bypassing the roadblock. Deputy Sardelis stopped the car as it
reached Twine Lane. After being stopped, Ashley told Deputy Sardelis that he did not know the
residents of the house served by the driveway and that he was just going to a business, though he
failed to specify exactly which business. As a result of the stop, Deputy Sardelis determined that
Ashley did not have a driver’s license and had been declared an habitual offender in Virginia.
Ashley testified at the suppression hearing that when he stopped in the line of traffic
before the roadblock, he did not see the roadblock and thought that there might be an accident
-2- causing the traffic backup. Ashley also testified that he was using the driveway to reach a car
dealership that was across Twine Lane.
The trial court found that Deputy Sardelis had a reasonable suspicion that Ashley was
attempting to evade a legal traffic roadblock in order to make the stop, and denied Ashley’s
motion to suppress. Ashley subsequently entered a conditional guilty plea, preserving his right
to appeal the denial of his motion to suppress.
II. ANALYSIS
Ashley argues that there was no reasonable, articulable suspicion that he was attempting
unlawfully to evade a roadblock. He states that his turn onto the driveway was a lawful driving
maneuver that, without more, could not provide the necessary level of suspicion to support a
stop. See Bass v. Commonwealth, 259 Va. 470, 525 S.E.2d 921 (2000); Murphy v.
Commonwealth, 9 Va. App. 139, 384 S.E.2d 125 (1989). We disagree.
In both Murphy and Bass, stops made by police officers who believed that the appellants
in those cases had been trying to avoid traffic roadblocks were held improper. In Murphy, the
driver made a turn onto a dead-end street three hundred and fifty feet from a traffic checkpoint,
after which the driver was stopped by a police officer for attempting to evade a traffic
checkpoint. The Court stated that making a legal turn before reaching a traffic checkpoint is not
enough to provide the officer with reasonable suspicion unless it “is coupled with other
articulable facts, such as erratic driving, a traffic violation, or some behavior which
independently raises suspicion of criminal activity.” Murphy, 9 Va. App. at 145, 384 S.E.2d at
128. Similarly, in Bass, the driver approached a traffic checkpoint and made a turn five hundred
feet from the checkpoint into a gas station parking lot, which he passed through, and exited onto
the roadway in the opposite direction from the traffic checkpoint. The Supreme Court held that
the turn was a legal maneuver and provided the officer with only a “hunch,” not articulable
-3- reasonable suspicion, that the defendant chose to avoid the traffic checkpoint. Bass, 259 Va. at
477-78, 525 S.E.2d at 925.
Although Ashley argues that the actions taken by the drivers in Murphy and Bass were
more suspicious than his maneuver, the trial court in the instant case noted that the facts in those
cases did not involve a stop before the legal turn. The trial court considered this distinction
critical.
Based on two prior cases of this Court bearing a striking resemblance to the instant case,
we conclude that the trial court did not err in denying Ashley’s motion to suppress. See
Lovelace v. Commonwealth, 37 Va. App. 120, 554 S.E.2d 688 (2001); Bailey v.
Commonwealth, 28 Va. App. 724, 508 S.E.2d 889 (1999). In Lovelace, the driver approached a
traffic roadblock and as he neared it, slowed down and came to a complete stop. After a second
or two, he then turned left onto a private driveway. The driveway was semi-circular, and the
driver was driving around the contour of the driveway. He was beginning to exit the driveway
and proceed in the opposite direction of the traffic roadblock when an officer stopped him. The
Court held that the stop was proper. “Although Lovelace’s turn into the driveway was
intrinsically lawful, the circumstances surrounding that turn were suspicious. Lovelace
approached the roadblock, stopped in the roadway for ‘a second or two’ and observed the
checkpoint before turning into a private driveway.” Lovelace, 37 Va. App. at 127, 554 S.E.2d at
691.
In Bailey, the driver was unable to see the traffic roadblock until he breached the top of a
knoll near it. As he came to the top of the knoll, the driver stopped suddenly, and then made a
right turn into a private driveway that was one hundred and fifty to two hundred and twenty-five
feet from the roadblock. As the driver turned into the driveway, he looked at the police officers
at the roadblock. Once in the driveway, the driver parked, stepped out of the vehicle, and
-4- proceeded to knock on the front door of the residence served by the driveway. After knocking
on the front door, the driver went back to his vehicle, where a police officer was waiting for him
and asked for his driver’s license. The Court held that the police officer had reasonable
suspicion to stop and ask the driver for his license. As part of its reasoning for finding
reasonable suspicion, this Court cited that “appellant’s vehicle reached the top of the knoll,
‘stop[ped] suddenly,’ and turn[ed] right into the driveway of a private residence.” Bailey, 28
Va. App. at 728, 508 S.E.2d at 891.
The decision in this case is necessarily controlled by Lovelace and Bailey. Like the
drivers in Lovelace and Bailey, Ashley stopped in the road before a traffic roadblock, turned into
a private driveway that served a residence that did not belong to him or anyone he knew, and
exited on the other side of the roadblock. Ashley’s stopping in the road for one to two seconds
before turning into the private driveway, while not stopping at the residence that was served by
that driveway, was the “behavior which independently raises suspicion of criminal activity.”
Murphy, 9 Va. App. at 145, 384 S.E.2d at 128. Although Ashley testified that he was trying to
reach a business across the street from the other end of the driveway, the trial court was entitled
to consider that testimony irrelevant to determining the reasonableness of the police officer’s
suspicions, especially in light of the testimony and diagrams entered into the record that indicate
that the driveway served a private residence, is not connected to the business Ashley described,
and ends across the street from the business.
III. CONCLUSION
We hold that the police officer properly stopped Ashley and had reasonable suspicion
that Ashley was evading the traffic roadblock. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s denial of
Ashley’s motion to suppress.
Affirmed.
-5-