NO. 07-02-0266-CR
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
AT AMARILLO
PANEL A
AUGUST 8, 2002
______________________________
MICHAEL MOOMAW, APPELLANT
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE
_________________________________
FROM THE 320TH DISTRICT COURT OF POTTER COUNTY;
NO. 32349-D; HONORABLE DON EMERSON, JUDGE
_______________________________
Before BOYD, C.J., and REAVIS and JOHNSON, JJ.
Appellant Michael Moomaw filed a Motion to Dismiss Appeal on August 2, 2002,
averring that he no longer wishes to prosecute his appeal. The Motion to Dismiss is
signed by both appellant and his attorney.
Without passing on the merits of the case, appellant's motion for voluntary dismissal
is granted and the appeal is hereby dismissed. Tex. R. App. P. 42.2. Having dismissed
the appeal at appellant's personal request, no motion for rehearing will be entertained and
our mandate will issue forthwith.
Phil Johnson
Justice
Do not publish.
ame and the November 2004
deadline by which she had to act. To date, we have not received any response from her.
Upon our own independent review of the record, we conclude that the
representations by counsel are well founded. There are no meritorious issues warranting
the reversal of the trial court's order as it relates to Cassandra.
Johnny's Appeal
Next, Johnny, the father of J.R.R., contends that the trial court erred in ordering
termination because "no clear and convincing evidence" exists to support the trial court's
findings. We overrule the issues.
Applicable Law
The applicable standard of review is discussed in In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 266
(Tex. 2002) and In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 25 (Tex. 2002). We refer the litigants to those
cases for a discussion of same. Furthermore, it is clear that the decision before us may be
affirmed if the evidence supports the existence of one statutory ground warranting
termination, assuming, of course, that the State also proved that termination was in the
best interest of the children. In re A.V., 113 S.W.3d 355, 362 (Tex. 2003); In re P.E.W.,
105 S.W.3d 771, 777 (Tex. App.-Amarillo 2003, no pet.).
Of the various statutory grounds upon which the trial court terminated Johnny's
rights, one involved his engaging in conduct or knowingly placing the child with persons
who engaged in conduct which endangered the physical or emotional well-being of the
child. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. §161.001(1)(E) (Vernon 2002). To satisfy that ground, one
need not prove that the children were the focus of the conduct or actually harmed by it. In
re C.J.F., 134 S.W.3d 343, 351 (Tex. App.-Amarillo 2003, pet. denied). Rather, it is
enough to simply show that the parent pursued a course of conduct having the effect of
endangering the child. Id. at 352. Moreover, participating in intentional criminal activity
while knowing that it could result in imprisonment can be such a course of conduct. In re
AWT, 61 S.W.3d 87, 89-90 (Tex. App.-Amarillo 2001, no pet.); see also Texas Dep't of
Human Services v. Boyd, 727 S.W.2d 531, 534 (Tex. 1987) (holding that if evidence,
including that of imprisonment, shows a course of conduct which has the effect of
endangering the physical or emotional well-being of a child, termination under the similarly
worded predecessor to §161.001(1)(E) could result); Allred v. Harris County Child Welfare
Unit, 615 S.W.2d 803, 806 (Tex. Civ. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1980, writ ref'd n.r.e.)
(wherein the parent-child relationship was terminated because, among other things, the
father committed numerous crimes while on parole and knowing that their commission
could result in the revocation of his parole). So too can imprisonment coupled with prior
drug use support a finding under §161.001(1)(E). In re K.C., 23 S.W.3d 604, 608 (Tex.
App.-Beaumont 2000, no pet.).
Here, the record discloses that Johnny and Cassandra had a two-month relationship
during which they lived with his grandparents. He not only was 21 or 22 at the time but also
knew that she was 16. Yet, it was not during this brief interlude that Johnny impregnated
Cassandra. Quite the contrary, Cassandra was actually pregnant with or just gave birth to
G.R.R. at the time. (3) And, it was after the two "weren't together anymore" and Cassandra
"was already with David [Rodriguez]" that Johnny impregnated her.
The offspring of Cassandra and Johnny, J.R.R., was born in December of 2001.
And, despite being repeatedly informed by Cassandra that the child was his, Johnny did
not believe her. This was so because she "was out running the streets" and he "didn't know
who she was sleeping with at the time." Moreover, the last time he saw the child was in
April of 2002, or approximately 15 months before being imprisoned in June of 2003. (4)
Johnny's incarceration arose from his possession of a controlled substance. This,
however, was not his first entanglement with the law. In 1997, he was convicted of a state
jail felony involving criminal mischief, while in 1998, he assaulted a police officer and tested
positive for marijuana while on probation. And, regarding his use of controlled substances,
he admitted to the trial court that he used both marijuana and cocaine.
Johnny would purport to minimize the nature of his conduct by arguing that much
of it occurred before he determined that J.R.R. was his child. Authority does exist
indicating that one's duty to provide for one's offspring arises when there is a court order,
judicial admission, or an unequivocal acknowledgment for paternity. See e.g., Djeto v.
Texas Dep't Of Protective and Reg. Serv., 928 S.W.2d 96, 98 (Tex. App.-San Antonio
1996, no writ) (involving termination for failing to support and because the parent knowingly
placed or allowed the child to remain in conditions or surroundings that endangered the
child). Yet, there are multiple grounds upon which termination may be founded, and not
all require the father to know of his paternity. For instance, it has been held that one need
not know of his paternity to be susceptible to having his rights terminated due to his
engagement in a course of conduct that endangers a child. In re M.J.M.L. 31 S.W.3d 347,
351 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 2000, pet. denied). More importantly, that was one of the
grounds upon which the trial court acted at bar. Indeed, that he knowingly had sex with a
minor who was not his spouse, used marijuana and cocaine, had a history of engaging in
criminal conduct some of which involved violence, engaged in conduct resulting in his
imprisonment, did nothing (for about 18 months) to verify or disprove Cassandra's
representation that he fathered J.R.R., and left an infant (that he later verified as his) with
someone who he knew was "out running the streets" provides ample basis for a reasonable
factfinder to develop a firm conviction or belief that 1) Johnny knowingly engaged in
conduct that endangered a child and 2) termination of the parental relationship would be
in the best interests of J.R.R. (5)
Filemon's Appeal
Like Johnny, Filemon also questions the sufficiency of the evidence underlying the
trial court's decision to terminate the parent/child relationship. So too does he question
whether he received the effective assistance of counsel because his trial attorney did not
appeal the associate judge's report to the referring court. We overrule each issue.
Termination of Parental Rights
Filemon was the first of at least three different men to impregnate Cassandra, and
from their conjoining, S.D.S. was born. At the time of conception, Cassandra was 13 years
old, while Filemon was "about sixteen, going on seventeen." And, though Cassandra
originally misrepresented her age to him (she apparently said she was 15), Filemon knew
her true age when the two again engaged in sex and conceived G.R.R., approximately 21
months after the birth of S.D.S.
Like Johnny, Filemon too "had [his] doubts" about whether he actually fathered
G.R.R.; why he did went unexplained, however. Nevertheless, he made the discovery
while he was in prison after being convicted for possessing a controlled substance, namely
cocaine. The record discloses that he had been using controlled substances during the
time Cassandra was pregnant with S.D.S. and thereafter. Moreover, this was not his only
entanglement with the authorities. He admitted to being arrested "probably seven, eight
times." So too had he been twice imprisoned since the birth of the first child, S.D.S.
At trial, Filemon represented that he did not want his paternal relationship with the
two children ended. So too did he contend that he expressed interest in gaining custody
of the children after his release from prison. Yet, he admitted that he was not ready to be
a father to the children, though he was willing to become one. In his view, it would take him
about six months to a year to assume that role, he told the trial court. So too did he
propose that his children could live with and be cared for by his mother and step-father
during the interim.
At the time of trial, Filemon worked in a car wash and sought day labor at
construction sites to supplement his income. The supplement was needed to compensate
for the child support he paid on behalf of S.D.S. However, none was paid on behalf of
G.R.R. Moreover, he lacked a high school diploma. So too did he opt to forego enrollment
in programs, while in prison, to further his education; when asked why, he said: "I really
didn't care at the time."
Next, regarding his knowledge of the care provided by Cassandra, Filemon testified
that he thought she was a good mother. Yet, he obviously knew that she was around 15
and living with her grandmother when he left her for prison. So too must he have known
that she had dropped out of school. (6) And, whether he knew that his children went with their
mother to live with a succession of other men who themselves engaged in criminal activity
and went to prison is undeveloped. Yet, nothing of record indicates that Filemon made any
effort to find that out. Nor does it indicate that he attempted to communicate with his two
girls while in prison, though it is clear that he provided them with no support. (7) And, while
between prison stints he saw G.R.R. once, he apparently did not know that both his
children were infested with lice and had ringworm when the girls were taken into State
custody. That he discovered after his release.
Since the intervention of the State and the placement of G.R.R. and S.D.S. with
foster parents, they have become settled. G.R.R. grew healthy and happy. And, while
S.D.S. was the "most damaged" girl ever to be placed in the care of her foster parent, she
has improved. The youth now has friends, and talks and plays with others; that was not
the situation when she first arrived. Then, the child was hysterical, would not want to sleep
outside the sight of her foster mother, spoke little, and lacked physical contact. So too was
she educationally delayed, a condition which since has improved.
Among the various grounds upon which Filemon's rights were terminated was that
involving his engagement in conduct that endangered the physical or emotional well-being
of the youths. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. §161.001(1)(E) (Vernon 2002). Abusing drugs,
committing acts resulting in his imprisonment, failing to provide for or communicate with his
children when in prison, opting not to further his education and thereby his ability to
financially care for the youths, and leaving the girls with an uneducated mother who herself
was little more than a child is evidence upon which the factfinder could reasonably develop
a firm belief or conviction that the conditions of §161.001(1)(E) of the Family Code were
satisfied. Add to this Filemon's own admission that he was not ready to be a father and
that the girls had improved since being offered a better lot in life also forms basis upon
which the same factfinder could reasonably develop a firm conviction that ending the
parental relationship was in the best interests of S.D.S. and G.R.R.
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
Finally, Filemon claims that he received ineffective assistance of counsel because
his trial attorney failed to appeal the associate judge's order of termination to the referring
court. In support of this argument, he contends that he was entitled "to challenge the
associate judge's Order of Termination at every stage of the appellate process" and
because the trial court found that appellate counsel was ineffective in failing to file an
appellate brief, "it can be concluded that Appellant received ineffective assistance of
counsel for failure to request a trial de novo to the referring court . . . ." Yet, assuming that
the latter logically follows from the former, nothing is said about how the result would have
differed had Filemon received a trial de novo. The evidence warranting the termination of
his parental rights would not change; nor does he suggest that it would.
One claiming ineffective assistance of counsel must establish not only that his
counsel was deficient but also that the deficiency was prejudicial. In re M.S., 115 S.W.3d
534, 544 (Tex. 2003). And, the problem with the issue before us concerns the second
prong to that test. Filemon has not attempted to illustrate how he was harmed by his
attorney's conduct. Thus, he did not carry his burden of proof and, thus, we overrule the
issue.
Having denied each issue before us, we grant the motion to withdraw of Cassandra's
counsel and affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Brian Quinn
1. John T. Boyd, Chief Justice (Ret.), Seventh Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment. Tex. Gov't
Code Ann. §75.002(a)(1) (Vernon Supp. 2004-2005).
2.
Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 744-45, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967).
3.
Filemon Sanchez fathered G.R.R.
4.
We deduce that it was in April of 2002 since the child was born on December 18, 2001, and was four
months old when last seen by Johnny. Four months from December 18th falls in the middle of April.
5.
Our opinion should not be read as imposing upon a male the duty to determine whether a child born
of a woman with whom he had sex out of wedlock is his. Yet, we cannot ignore the connotations inherent in
someone's refusal to even verify paternity when told he is the father.
6.
She first dropped out in the seventh grade, "then went back in the eighth," and became pregnant and
again "dropped out in the ninth."
7.
According to the record, Filemon's mother (Mrs. Perez) would sporadically visit the girls and provide
them with diapers and clothes. Yet, that ended sometime or another after Cassandra moved and opted not
to inform Mrs. Perez of her location.