MEMORANDUM DECISION FILED Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Feb 23 2018, 5:59 am
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as CLERK precedent or cited before any court except for the Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, and Tax Court
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Yvette M. LaPlante Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Keating & LaPlante, LLP Attorney General of Indiana Evansville, Indiana Jesse R. Drum Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Michael Leroy Thomas, Jr., February 23, 2018
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 82A05-1708-CR-1826 v. Appeal from the Vanderburgh Circuit Court. The Honorable David D. Kiely, State of Indiana, Judge. Appellee-Plaintiff. Trial Court Cause No. 82C01-1611-F4-6592
Barteau, Senior Judge
Statement of the Case [1] Michael Leroy Thomas, Jr., appeals the sentence the trial court imposed after
he pled guilty to three counts of sexual misconduct with a minor, all Level 5
felonies. We affirm.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 82A05-1708-CR-1826 | February 23, 2018 Page 1 of 7 Issues [2] Thomas raises two issues, which we restate as:
I. Whether the trial court abused its discretion at sentencing. II. Whether the sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the character of the offender.
Facts and Procedural History [3] L.D., a fifteen-year-old, reported that her father’s best friend, Thomas, had
molested her. At the time, L.D. was dating Thomas’ son. She stated that
Thomas touched her breasts and vagina and inserted his finger into her vagina
on approximately twenty occasions. During subsequent police questioning,
Thomas admitted that he touched L.D.’s breasts and vagina four times, most
recently in his truck while he drove her to a doctor’s appointment. At the
police officer’s request, Thomas wrote a letter to L.D. and her family
apologizing for his misconduct. He wrote to his friend, “I betrayed your trust.”
Tr. Vol. IV, State’s Ex. 1.
[4] The State charged Thomas with five counts of sexual misconduct with a minor,
one as a Level 4 felony and four as Level 5 felonies. The parties executed a plea
agreement. According to the agreement, the State would dismiss the Level 4
felony and one of the Level 5 felonies, and Thomas would plead guilty to the
remaining three Level 5 felonies. The parties further agreed Thomas would
serve the sentences for the three felonies concurrently, and his total sentence
would be capped at six years.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 82A05-1708-CR-1826 | February 23, 2018 Page 2 of 7 [5] The trial court accepted the plea agreement. At the sentencing hearing, the
court stated:
The Court notes that the IRAS indicates the defendant is a low risk to re-offend. The Court notes that the defendant did plead guilty, and the Court notes that the defendant has no prior criminal history, and that he is a military veteran. The Court notes that the victim in this case had just turned fifteen; the Court notes that one of these instances occurred when the defendant was taking the victim to a doctor’s appointment.
Tr. Vol. II, pp. 18-19.
[6] The court sentenced Thomas to five years with one year suspended to probation
on each count, to be served concurrently for an aggregate executed sentence of
four years. This appeal followed.
Discussion and Decision I. Sentencing Discretion [7] Thomas argues that the trial court should not have imposed a five-year sentence
because the trial court failed to identify any valid aggravating circumstances. In
general, sentencing decisions rest within the sound discretion of the trial court
and are reviewed on appeal only for an abuse of discretion. Anglemyer v. State,
868 N.E.2d 482, 490 (Ind. 2007), clarified on reh’g, 875 N.E.2d 218 (2007). An
abuse of discretion occurs where the trial court’s decision is clearly against the
logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before it, or the reasonable,
probable, and actual deductions to be drawn therefrom. Moyer v. State, 83
N.E.3d 136, 141 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017), trans. denied.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 82A05-1708-CR-1826 | February 23, 2018 Page 3 of 7 [8] In general, when a trial court imposes a sentence for a felony, the court must
include a reasonably detailed recitation of the reasons for imposing the
sentence. Anglemyer, 868 N.E.2d at 490. One way in which a trial court abuses
its discretion at sentencing is by finding aggravating or mitigating circumstances
that are unsupported by the record. Id. The weight a trial court gives to
aggravating or mitigating circumstances is not subject to appellate review.
Weedman v. State, 21 N.E.3d 873, 893 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014), trans. denied.
[9] Thomas argues the trial court, in noting Thomas molested L.D. while taking
her to the doctor, erroneously determined he abused a position of trust. It is
unclear that the trial court determined that Thomas breached a position of trust.
The court did not use that phrase while imposing the sentence, noting instead
only that Thomas molested L.D. while he took her to the doctor. A trial court
can consider the facts and circumstances of the crime as an aggravating
circumstance so long as the trial court does not consider facts needed to prove
the elements of the offense. Hall v. State, 870 N.E.2d 449, 464 (Ind. Ct. App.
2007), trans. denied.
[10] Thomas’ act of molesting L.D. while taking her to a doctor’s appointment is a
valid aggravating factual circumstance of the crime. He took advantage of
L.D.’s temporary isolation from family and home to abuse her while she was in
his truck.
[11] Second, if the trial court treated Thomas’ molestation of L.D. as a breach of
trust, there is sufficient record to support such a conclusion. The General
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 82A05-1708-CR-1826 | February 23, 2018 Page 4 of 7 Assembly has noted that it is an aggravating circumstance that the defendant
“was in a position having care, custody, or control of the victim of the offense.”
Ind. Code § 35-38-1-7.1 (2015). As a panel of this court has stated:
The position of trust aggravator is frequently cited by sentencing courts where an adult has committed an offense against a minor and there is at least an inference of the adult’s authority over the minor. Moreover, this aggravator applies in cases where the defendant has a more than casual relationship with the victim and has abused the trust resulting from that relationship.
Rodriguez v. State, 868 N.E.2d 551, 555 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007).
[12] In this case, Thomas was not a mere acquaintance to L.D. To the contrary, he
was her father’s best friend and the stepfather of her boyfriend. On at least one
occasion, L.D.’s parents placed her in Thomas’ care by having him take her to
the doctor. Thomas admitted as much by acknowledging in a letter to L.D.’s
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MEMORANDUM DECISION FILED Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Feb 23 2018, 5:59 am
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as CLERK precedent or cited before any court except for the Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, and Tax Court
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Yvette M. LaPlante Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Keating & LaPlante, LLP Attorney General of Indiana Evansville, Indiana Jesse R. Drum Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Michael Leroy Thomas, Jr., February 23, 2018
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 82A05-1708-CR-1826 v. Appeal from the Vanderburgh Circuit Court. The Honorable David D. Kiely, State of Indiana, Judge. Appellee-Plaintiff. Trial Court Cause No. 82C01-1611-F4-6592
Barteau, Senior Judge
Statement of the Case [1] Michael Leroy Thomas, Jr., appeals the sentence the trial court imposed after
he pled guilty to three counts of sexual misconduct with a minor, all Level 5
felonies. We affirm.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 82A05-1708-CR-1826 | February 23, 2018 Page 1 of 7 Issues [2] Thomas raises two issues, which we restate as:
I. Whether the trial court abused its discretion at sentencing. II. Whether the sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the character of the offender.
Facts and Procedural History [3] L.D., a fifteen-year-old, reported that her father’s best friend, Thomas, had
molested her. At the time, L.D. was dating Thomas’ son. She stated that
Thomas touched her breasts and vagina and inserted his finger into her vagina
on approximately twenty occasions. During subsequent police questioning,
Thomas admitted that he touched L.D.’s breasts and vagina four times, most
recently in his truck while he drove her to a doctor’s appointment. At the
police officer’s request, Thomas wrote a letter to L.D. and her family
apologizing for his misconduct. He wrote to his friend, “I betrayed your trust.”
Tr. Vol. IV, State’s Ex. 1.
[4] The State charged Thomas with five counts of sexual misconduct with a minor,
one as a Level 4 felony and four as Level 5 felonies. The parties executed a plea
agreement. According to the agreement, the State would dismiss the Level 4
felony and one of the Level 5 felonies, and Thomas would plead guilty to the
remaining three Level 5 felonies. The parties further agreed Thomas would
serve the sentences for the three felonies concurrently, and his total sentence
would be capped at six years.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 82A05-1708-CR-1826 | February 23, 2018 Page 2 of 7 [5] The trial court accepted the plea agreement. At the sentencing hearing, the
court stated:
The Court notes that the IRAS indicates the defendant is a low risk to re-offend. The Court notes that the defendant did plead guilty, and the Court notes that the defendant has no prior criminal history, and that he is a military veteran. The Court notes that the victim in this case had just turned fifteen; the Court notes that one of these instances occurred when the defendant was taking the victim to a doctor’s appointment.
Tr. Vol. II, pp. 18-19.
[6] The court sentenced Thomas to five years with one year suspended to probation
on each count, to be served concurrently for an aggregate executed sentence of
four years. This appeal followed.
Discussion and Decision I. Sentencing Discretion [7] Thomas argues that the trial court should not have imposed a five-year sentence
because the trial court failed to identify any valid aggravating circumstances. In
general, sentencing decisions rest within the sound discretion of the trial court
and are reviewed on appeal only for an abuse of discretion. Anglemyer v. State,
868 N.E.2d 482, 490 (Ind. 2007), clarified on reh’g, 875 N.E.2d 218 (2007). An
abuse of discretion occurs where the trial court’s decision is clearly against the
logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before it, or the reasonable,
probable, and actual deductions to be drawn therefrom. Moyer v. State, 83
N.E.3d 136, 141 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017), trans. denied.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 82A05-1708-CR-1826 | February 23, 2018 Page 3 of 7 [8] In general, when a trial court imposes a sentence for a felony, the court must
include a reasonably detailed recitation of the reasons for imposing the
sentence. Anglemyer, 868 N.E.2d at 490. One way in which a trial court abuses
its discretion at sentencing is by finding aggravating or mitigating circumstances
that are unsupported by the record. Id. The weight a trial court gives to
aggravating or mitigating circumstances is not subject to appellate review.
Weedman v. State, 21 N.E.3d 873, 893 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014), trans. denied.
[9] Thomas argues the trial court, in noting Thomas molested L.D. while taking
her to the doctor, erroneously determined he abused a position of trust. It is
unclear that the trial court determined that Thomas breached a position of trust.
The court did not use that phrase while imposing the sentence, noting instead
only that Thomas molested L.D. while he took her to the doctor. A trial court
can consider the facts and circumstances of the crime as an aggravating
circumstance so long as the trial court does not consider facts needed to prove
the elements of the offense. Hall v. State, 870 N.E.2d 449, 464 (Ind. Ct. App.
2007), trans. denied.
[10] Thomas’ act of molesting L.D. while taking her to a doctor’s appointment is a
valid aggravating factual circumstance of the crime. He took advantage of
L.D.’s temporary isolation from family and home to abuse her while she was in
his truck.
[11] Second, if the trial court treated Thomas’ molestation of L.D. as a breach of
trust, there is sufficient record to support such a conclusion. The General
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 82A05-1708-CR-1826 | February 23, 2018 Page 4 of 7 Assembly has noted that it is an aggravating circumstance that the defendant
“was in a position having care, custody, or control of the victim of the offense.”
Ind. Code § 35-38-1-7.1 (2015). As a panel of this court has stated:
The position of trust aggravator is frequently cited by sentencing courts where an adult has committed an offense against a minor and there is at least an inference of the adult’s authority over the minor. Moreover, this aggravator applies in cases where the defendant has a more than casual relationship with the victim and has abused the trust resulting from that relationship.
Rodriguez v. State, 868 N.E.2d 551, 555 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007).
[12] In this case, Thomas was not a mere acquaintance to L.D. To the contrary, he
was her father’s best friend and the stepfather of her boyfriend. On at least one
occasion, L.D.’s parents placed her in Thomas’ care by having him take her to
the doctor. Thomas admitted as much by acknowledging in a letter to L.D.’s
family that he violated his friend’s trust. We conclude Thomas was in a
position of trust as to the victim, and the trial court did not abuse its sentencing
discretion. See Hines v. State, 856 N.E.2d 1275, 1281 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006) (trial
court properly cited defendant’s abuse of a position of trust as an aggravating
factor; defendant molested victim while she was staying overnight at his house),
trans. denied.
II. Appropriateness of Sentence [13] Thomas next argues that the Court should exercise its constitutional power to
review his sentence and reduce it to three years. Even when a trial court has
acted within its sentencing discretion, article VII, section 6 of the Indiana
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 82A05-1708-CR-1826 | February 23, 2018 Page 5 of 7 Constitution authorizes this court to review and revise sentences. This
authority is implemented through Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B), which provides
that we “may revise a sentence authorized by statute if, after due consideration
of the trial court’s decision, [we find] that the sentence is inappropriate in light
of the nature of the offense and the character of the offender.”
[14] As we conduct our review, we consider not only the aggravators and mitigators
found by the trial court, but also any other factors appearing in the record.
Walters v. State, 68 N.E.3d 1097, 1101 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017), trans. denied. The
appellant must demonstrate that the sentence is inappropriate. Id.
[15] The advisory sentence for a Level 5 felony is three years, with a maximum
sentence of six years and a minimum sentence of one year. Ind. Code § 35-50-
2-6 (2014). The court imposed a sentence of five years with one year suspended
to probation for each count, to be served concurrently for an aggregate executed
sentence of four years. His total sentence is thus well below both the statutory
maximum of eighteen years and the six-year maximum sentence negotiated in
the plea agreement.
[16] We start with the nature of the offense. Thomas was familiar to L.D. for two
reasons: he was her father’s best friend, and he was her boyfriend’s stepfather.
Thomas took advantage of those close ties to repeatedly abuse L.D. Although
he pled guilty to only three Level 5 felonies, he admitted to molesting her on a
fourth occasion as well. According to L.D., Thomas molested her as many as
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 82A05-1708-CR-1826 | February 23, 2018 Page 6 of 7 twenty times. On one of the occasions, Thomas assaulted her in his truck while
he was entrusted with taking her to a doctor’s appointment.
[17] Turning to the character of the offender, Thomas was forty-seven (47) years old
at sentencing. He has no prior criminal history and is a veteran. These positive
character traits are outweighed by his repeated molestations of fifteen-year-old
L.D. In his letter to L.D. and her family, he acknowledged he was aware his
conduct was wrong, but he continued to commit crimes against L.D. anyway.
Tr. Vol. IV, State’s Ex. 1 (“I tried not to let this happen.”). Thomas has failed
to demonstrate that his slightly aggravated sentence is inappropriate.
Conclusion [18] For the reasons stated above, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
[19] Affirmed.
Riley, J., and Bradford, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 82A05-1708-CR-1826 | February 23, 2018 Page 7 of 7