AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed October 30, 2015.
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-14-00777-CR
MICHAEL J. MARBLE, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 194th Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. F-1352953-M
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Lang-Miers, Brown, and Schenck Opinion by Justice Schenck Michael J. Marble appeals his conviction for the capital murder of Roberta Moore,
challenging the legal sufficiency of the evidence. We affirm his conviction. Because all issues
are settled in law, we issue this memorandum opinion. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.
BACKGROUND
At the time of her death, Roberta Moore was sixty years old. She lived at the Quail
Hollow Apartments. The day before her death, Moore’s sister and daughter visited her, as they
often did. Moore and her sister went shopping while her daughter cleaned the apartment. In
addition to cleaning the apartment, Moore’s daughter washed the white shoelaces from Moore’s
tennis shoes.
In the early morning hours of the next day, Moore was found dead in the master bedroom
of her apartment. Her wrists and ankles were bound with white shoelaces; a ligature, possibly a gray string or shoelace, was around her neck. A window to the apartment was broken and
footprints were present in a small flower bed underneath the window. A number of items were
missing from Moore’s apartment, including a 32 inch flat-screen television that her daughter had
given her for Christmas and a ring given to her by her son. The apartment was in a state of
disarray in comparison to its state the day before when Moore’s sister and daughter left the
apartment. Police found Moore’s cell phone several hours after her murder on the grounds of a
nearby church. The cause of death was determined to be strangulation, most likely by a ligature
found around Moore’s neck. Appellant lived in the same apartment complex with Moore.
The night before Moore’s death, appellant and Jeffrey Parks smoked crack cocaine at
appellant’s apartment. They left appellant’s apartment for a short period to “shoot dice” with
some other men. They did so at the walkway to Moore’s apartment. At one point, Moore came
out of her apartment to complain and got into a verbal altercation with some of the young men
about their gambling and loud talking. One of the young men (known as “Smurf”) told her to
“get her old ass in the house before somebody do something to her.” Parks told the young men
not to disrespect her. The dice shooting ended before midnight and Parks and appellant went
back to appellant’s apartment to smoke more crack cocaine. While Parks was at appellant’s
apartment, several drug dealers pressured appellant for money to pay for the drugs. They gave
him twenty-four hours to pay. Parks did not believe appellant had the money to pay them. Parks
left appellant’s apartment about 4:00 a.m.
Parks next saw appellant at about 6:00 a.m. that same day Sunday January 6, 2013. He
described appellant as visibly distraught. He asked Parks if he knew “where he could sell a TV
and some jewelry.” Parks told him he would have to go to the pawnshop. Appellant then told
Parks that “he did something that he didn’t really want to do.” He told Parks he and Smurf had
broken into “some lady’s” house and stole a television on the assumption that no one was inside
–2– at the time. He said Smurf broke a window with a rock and then crawled through the window
and opened the door for appellant. When they turned around, a woman was standing there.
Appellant said he wrestled with her, and he did not know if, as a consequence, she was asleep or
dead. When Parks was later interviewed by the police at length he eventually told them about
this exchange with appellant.
Police gathered evidence at the scene, including the shoelaces that bound and strangled
Moore and Moore’s cell phone. As part of the investigation, buccal swabs were taken with
consent from potential witnesses Jamison Lair (“Smurf”), Damien Huff, and Reginald Lewis.
Appellant’s DNA was obtained pursuant to a search warrant. Appellant was included as a
possible contributor to DNA profiles from the shoelaces and the cell phone.
Appellant was charged by indictment with the capital murder of Moore. He entered a
plea of not guilty and waived a jury. Trial proceeded before the court. At the conclusion of the
evidence, the trial court found appellant guilty of the offense charged and sentenced him to life
imprisonment. He challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to establish his identity as the
perpetrator and of the aggravating element of burglary.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
When conducting a legal-sufficiency review, a court must ask whether “any rational trier
of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.”
Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 318–19 (1979). In so doing, we assess the evidence “in the
light most favorable to the prosecution.” Id. This same standard applies equally to
circumstantial and direct evidence. Burden v. State, 55 S.W.3d 608, 613 (Tex. Crim. App.
2001). After giving proper deference to the factfinder’s role, we will uphold the conviction
unless a rational factfinder must have had reasonable doubt as to an essential element. Narvaiz v.
State, 840 S.W.2d 415, 423 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992). Viewed through this lens, we find there is
–3– ample evidence to support appellant’s conviction for capital murder.
DISCUSSION
In his first issue, appellant claims the evidence is legally insufficient to support his
conviction for capital murder. The crux of appellant’s argument is the evidence is insufficient to
prove his identity as the perpetrator.
There is no question that the State is required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the
accused is the person who committed the crime charged. See Johnson v. State, 673 S.W.2d 190,
196 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984). Identity may be proved by either direct or circumstantial evidence.
See Earls v. State, 707 S.W.2d 82, 85 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986). In fact, identity may be proven
by reasonable inference. See United States v. Quimby, 636 F.2d 86, 90 (5th Cir. 1981). When
there is no direct evidence of the perpetrator’s identity elicited from trial witnesses, no
formalized procedure is required for the State to prove the identity of the accused. See
Sepulveda v. State, 729 S.W.2d 954, 957 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1987, pet. ref’d). For the
purposes of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, direct and circumstantial evidence are
equally probative. McGee v. State, 774 S.W.2d 229, 238 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989).
The instant conviction rests on circumstantial evidence. In support of its case against
appellant, the State offered testimony from DNA analyst Amanda Webb. There is no challenge
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AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed October 30, 2015.
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-14-00777-CR
MICHAEL J. MARBLE, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 194th Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. F-1352953-M
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Lang-Miers, Brown, and Schenck Opinion by Justice Schenck Michael J. Marble appeals his conviction for the capital murder of Roberta Moore,
challenging the legal sufficiency of the evidence. We affirm his conviction. Because all issues
are settled in law, we issue this memorandum opinion. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.
BACKGROUND
At the time of her death, Roberta Moore was sixty years old. She lived at the Quail
Hollow Apartments. The day before her death, Moore’s sister and daughter visited her, as they
often did. Moore and her sister went shopping while her daughter cleaned the apartment. In
addition to cleaning the apartment, Moore’s daughter washed the white shoelaces from Moore’s
tennis shoes.
In the early morning hours of the next day, Moore was found dead in the master bedroom
of her apartment. Her wrists and ankles were bound with white shoelaces; a ligature, possibly a gray string or shoelace, was around her neck. A window to the apartment was broken and
footprints were present in a small flower bed underneath the window. A number of items were
missing from Moore’s apartment, including a 32 inch flat-screen television that her daughter had
given her for Christmas and a ring given to her by her son. The apartment was in a state of
disarray in comparison to its state the day before when Moore’s sister and daughter left the
apartment. Police found Moore’s cell phone several hours after her murder on the grounds of a
nearby church. The cause of death was determined to be strangulation, most likely by a ligature
found around Moore’s neck. Appellant lived in the same apartment complex with Moore.
The night before Moore’s death, appellant and Jeffrey Parks smoked crack cocaine at
appellant’s apartment. They left appellant’s apartment for a short period to “shoot dice” with
some other men. They did so at the walkway to Moore’s apartment. At one point, Moore came
out of her apartment to complain and got into a verbal altercation with some of the young men
about their gambling and loud talking. One of the young men (known as “Smurf”) told her to
“get her old ass in the house before somebody do something to her.” Parks told the young men
not to disrespect her. The dice shooting ended before midnight and Parks and appellant went
back to appellant’s apartment to smoke more crack cocaine. While Parks was at appellant’s
apartment, several drug dealers pressured appellant for money to pay for the drugs. They gave
him twenty-four hours to pay. Parks did not believe appellant had the money to pay them. Parks
left appellant’s apartment about 4:00 a.m.
Parks next saw appellant at about 6:00 a.m. that same day Sunday January 6, 2013. He
described appellant as visibly distraught. He asked Parks if he knew “where he could sell a TV
and some jewelry.” Parks told him he would have to go to the pawnshop. Appellant then told
Parks that “he did something that he didn’t really want to do.” He told Parks he and Smurf had
broken into “some lady’s” house and stole a television on the assumption that no one was inside
–2– at the time. He said Smurf broke a window with a rock and then crawled through the window
and opened the door for appellant. When they turned around, a woman was standing there.
Appellant said he wrestled with her, and he did not know if, as a consequence, she was asleep or
dead. When Parks was later interviewed by the police at length he eventually told them about
this exchange with appellant.
Police gathered evidence at the scene, including the shoelaces that bound and strangled
Moore and Moore’s cell phone. As part of the investigation, buccal swabs were taken with
consent from potential witnesses Jamison Lair (“Smurf”), Damien Huff, and Reginald Lewis.
Appellant’s DNA was obtained pursuant to a search warrant. Appellant was included as a
possible contributor to DNA profiles from the shoelaces and the cell phone.
Appellant was charged by indictment with the capital murder of Moore. He entered a
plea of not guilty and waived a jury. Trial proceeded before the court. At the conclusion of the
evidence, the trial court found appellant guilty of the offense charged and sentenced him to life
imprisonment. He challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to establish his identity as the
perpetrator and of the aggravating element of burglary.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
When conducting a legal-sufficiency review, a court must ask whether “any rational trier
of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.”
Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 318–19 (1979). In so doing, we assess the evidence “in the
light most favorable to the prosecution.” Id. This same standard applies equally to
circumstantial and direct evidence. Burden v. State, 55 S.W.3d 608, 613 (Tex. Crim. App.
2001). After giving proper deference to the factfinder’s role, we will uphold the conviction
unless a rational factfinder must have had reasonable doubt as to an essential element. Narvaiz v.
State, 840 S.W.2d 415, 423 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992). Viewed through this lens, we find there is
–3– ample evidence to support appellant’s conviction for capital murder.
DISCUSSION
In his first issue, appellant claims the evidence is legally insufficient to support his
conviction for capital murder. The crux of appellant’s argument is the evidence is insufficient to
prove his identity as the perpetrator.
There is no question that the State is required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the
accused is the person who committed the crime charged. See Johnson v. State, 673 S.W.2d 190,
196 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984). Identity may be proved by either direct or circumstantial evidence.
See Earls v. State, 707 S.W.2d 82, 85 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986). In fact, identity may be proven
by reasonable inference. See United States v. Quimby, 636 F.2d 86, 90 (5th Cir. 1981). When
there is no direct evidence of the perpetrator’s identity elicited from trial witnesses, no
formalized procedure is required for the State to prove the identity of the accused. See
Sepulveda v. State, 729 S.W.2d 954, 957 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1987, pet. ref’d). For the
purposes of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, direct and circumstantial evidence are
equally probative. McGee v. State, 774 S.W.2d 229, 238 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989).
The instant conviction rests on circumstantial evidence. In support of its case against
appellant, the State offered testimony from DNA analyst Amanda Webb. There is no challenge
before this Court to the admission of this expert testimony. Webb testified appellant was
included as a possible contributor to DNA profiles from the following items, along with the
probability that appellant was the contributor:
From a swabbing of a shoelace labeled from the neck, a conservative random match probability was one in 661 people; 1
From a swabbing of a shoelace labeled from feet, the most conservative random match probability was one in 6,370 people;
1 Meaning only 1 in 661 people have this DNA marker and appellant is one of them.
–4– From a swabbing of a shoelace from left hand, the most conservative random match probability was one in 268,000 individuals;
For the cell phone, a statistic was made from a swabbing, and the probability of selecting at random an unrelated individual that would be included as a possible contributor or with that same DNA profile that would match [appellant], the most conservative random match probability would be one in 6.4 billion. There is approximately 7.1 billion people on the earth currently, since the last census. And this probability was one in 6.4 billion, so it is just slightly less than the population of one earth.
From a swabbing of a shoelace from right hand, the most conservative random match probability, one in 3.66 quadrillion. That is over, a little bit over 500,000 earths. We would expect to see that profile one time in that context.
To put it another way, the probability of finding another equally likely source for the DNA found
on the shoelace from the right hand would require a population equivalent to 500,000 of the
current earth human population.
Jamison Lair’s DNA profile was included on a stain from the cell phone, but it was a
common profile, with a probability of one in every two people. Lair’s DNA profile was
excluded from two swabbings from the cell phone and was not included on the fingernail and
shoelace items. Reginald Lewis and Damien Huff’s DNA profiles were excluded from all items
tested.
In addition to the overwhelming DNA evidence the State offered testimony from Parks
and two inmates, who testified to appellant’s confessing to the crime while awaiting trial.
Appellant claims the testimony from these witnesses is not credible. Whether their testimony is
credible and the weight to be given same is up to the trial judge when he sits as the finder of fact.
See Powell v. State, 479 S.W.2d 685, 687 (Tex. Cr. App. 1972). He is authorized to accept or
reject any or all of the testimony of the witnesses for either the State or the accused. Rhodes v.
State, 441 S.W.2d 197, 200 (Tex. Cr. App. 1969). Parks gave appellant a motive for committing
a theft crime — he needed money to pay drug dealers — but that motive could also be inferred
from the fact that the apartment was ransacked and items were stolen from the apartment. Parks –5– also testified to what appellant told him; appellant made a general statement of his commission
of burglary, theft of a television and jewelry, and wrestling with a lady to the extent that he did
not know if he left her asleep or dead. Both of the inmates testified appellant told them he
committed this crime. They both also admitted that they did not get along with appellant in jail
and that appellant had threatened them.
A rational trier of fact could have disregarded most or all of Parks’ testimony and all of
the inmates’ testimony and still have found beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant killed
Moore based on appellant’s DNA profile on the ligatures and on her cell phone. See Roberson v.
State, 16 S.W.3d 156, 168 (Tex. App.—Austin 2000, pet ref'd). Viewing the evidence in the
light most favorable to the trial court’s judgment, we conclude that a rational trier of fact could
have found beyond a reasonable doubt appellant was the perpetrator of this crime. Accordingly,
we overrule appellant’s first issue.
In his second issue, appellant argues the evidence is legally insufficient to support his
conviction for capital murder because the aggravating element of burglary was not proved
beyond a reasonable doubt.
A person commits the offense of capital murder if he intentionally commits a murder in
the course of committing or attempting to commit the offense of burglary. See TEX. PENAL CODE
ANN. § 19.03(a)(2) (West 2011). A person commits burglary if, without the effective consent of
the owner, the person enters a building or habitation and commits or attempts to commit a
felony, theft, or an assault. Id. § 30.02(a)(3). A person commits theft if he unlawfully
appropriates property with the intent to deprive the owner of that property. See id. § 31.03(a).
The State must prove a nexus between the murder and the theft, i.e., the murder occurred in order
to facilitate the taking of the property. Ibanez v. State, 749 S.W.2d 804, 807 (Tex. Crim. App.
1986).
–6– The broken window for entry and the ransacked condition of Moore’s apartment establish
a lack of consent to enter Moore’s apartment. The fact that appellant’s DNA was on the ligatures
and Moore’s cell phone and the television, ring, and cell phone were missing establish a theft
occurred and the requisite nexus between the murder and the theft. This evidence alone, or in
combination with the evidence of appellant’s attempting to sell a television and jewelry,
presumably to pay overdue drug debts, is sufficient.
After reviewing all of the evidence under the appropriate standard of review, we conclude
the evidence is legally sufficient to support a finding that appellant committed burglary in
connection with the murder. We overrule appellant’s second issue.
CONCLUSION
Having resolved all of appellant’s issues against him, we affirm the trial court’s
judgment.
/David J. Schenck/ DAVID J. SCHENCK JUSTICE
DO NOT PUBLISH TEX. R. APP. P. 47
140777F.U05
–7– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
MICHAEL J. MARBLE, Appellant On Appeal from the 194th Judicial District Court, Dallas County, Texas No. 05-14-00777-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. F-1352953-M. Opinion delivered by Justice Schenck. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Justices Lang-Miers and Brown participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.
Judgment entered this 30th day of October, 2015.
–8–