Michael Henderson v. Secretary, Department of Corrections

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
• Decided: April 1, 2026
• Docket: 24-11482
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

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NOT FOR PUBLICATION

In the United States Court of Appeals For the Eleventh Circuit ____________________ No. 24-11482 Non-Argument Calendar ____________________

MICHAEL HENDERSON, Petitioner-Appellant, versus

SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, ATTORNEY GENERAL, STATE OF FLORIDA, Respondents-Appellees. ____________________ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida D.C. Docket No. 8:21-cv-00167-WFJ-SPF ____________________

Before WILLIAM PRYOR, Chief Judge, and ROSENBAUM and GRANT, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: USCA11 Case: 24-11482 Document: 75-1 Date Filed: 04/01/2026 Page: 2 of 11

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Michael Henderson, a Florida prisoner sentenced to a term of life for capital sexual battery and lewd and lascivious molestation and battery, appeals pro se the denial of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus. 28 U.S.C. § 2254. Henderson contends that the Flor- ida courts unreasonably adjudicated his claims that trial counsel provided ineffective assistance by failing to secure hearings under Richardson v. State, 246 So. 2d 771 (Fla. 1971), to address alleged dis- covery violations and by failing to depose a detective. We affirm. I. BACKGROUND In 2011, the state charged Henderson with sexual crimes against three young boys—D.M., A.D., and A.D.’s younger brother—based on alleged conduct that occurred between Novem- ber 2007 and August 2009. The state entered a nolle prosequi on the charge associated with A.D.’s younger brother. Henderson pleaded not guilty to the remaining charges, and attorneys Dwight and Matthew Wells represented him at trial. During opening statements, the state alleged that Hender- son showed D.M. child pornography. Counsel objected and argued at sidebar that this allegation had “never came up before” and that he was tempted to move for a mistrial. The trial court overruled the objection, the parties gave their opening statements, and the state proceeded with its case-in-chief. D.M. and A.D. testified that they lived in the same apart- ment complex as Henderson, were friends with his son, Jed, and described how Henderson sexually abused them during visits to his apartment. D.M. testified that he was not initially forthcoming USCA11 Case: 24-11482 Document: 75-1 Date Filed: 04/01/2026 Page: 3 of 11

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with police because he wanted to protect Henderson. He also named T.B. and R.A., two neighborhood boys, as witnesses to the alleged crimes. D.M. testified that T.B. witnessed Henderson en- gage in oral sex with him and that all three were naked at one point in Henderson’s room. D.M.’s mother testified that D.M. slept over at Henderson’s apartment many times and that Henderson made many phone calls to D.M. toward the end of his relationship with D.M. A.D.’s mother testified to her romantic relationship with Henderson and their financial arrangement, in which she provided him financial support in exchange for childcare while she worked. Detective Roxanne Hunt testified that D.M. viewed Hen- derson as a father figure and became jealous when Henderson be- gan dating A.D.’s mother. As part of her investigation, she coordi- nated a controlled phone call between D.M. and Henderson, dur- ing which Henderson told D.M. to “make sure that he erased the details on his phone.” Detective Hunt explained that Henderson asked D.M. to do this “since the police [could] check those rec- ords.” Nearly two years after their first meeting, she recorded an interview in April 2011 with D.M. about additional allegations he had made. D.M. admitted that he had not been forthcoming be- cause he wanted to protect Henderson. For his defense, Henderson called Jed’s mother, Jed, T.B., and R.A. Jed, T.B., and R.A. testified that they visited Henderson during the relevant period and never witnessed or participated in USCA11 Case: 24-11482 Document: 75-1 Date Filed: 04/01/2026 Page: 4 of 11

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any sexual activity. T.B. and R.A. testified that nothing sexual oc- curred between them and Henderson, nor were they involved in the scenarios D.M. described. On recall, D.M. admitted that he emailed Detective Hunt and accused Henderson of sexual miscon- duct with another boy because he was “mad” at Henderson. Dur- ing closing arguments, the state again mentioned the child pornog- raphy allegation, which the defense countered was unsupported by any evidence. The jury convicted Henderson of capital battery and lewd and lascivious molestation and battery, and the court sentenced him to life imprisonment without parole. The Second District Court of Appeal affirmed per curiam without opinion. Henderson v. State, 109 So. 3d 795 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2013). The Supreme Court of the United States denied Henderson’s petition for a writ of cer- tiorari. Henderson v. Florida, 571 U.S. 917 (2013). Henderson moved for postconviction relief on several grounds, only some of which are relevant to this appeal. See Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.850. First, he alleged that counsel was ineffective for fail- ing to request a Richardson hearing when the state first mentioned the child pornography allegation during opening statements. Sec- ond, he alleged that counsel was ineffective for failing to obtain the recorded call between him and D.M., or to request a Richardson hearing when the state referenced it at trial. Third, he alleged that counsel was ineffective for not seeking a Richardson hearing on the state’s failure to disclose D.M.’s recorded interview with Detective Hunt. Finally, he argued that counsel was ineffective for failing to USCA11 Case: 24-11482 Document: 75-1 Date Filed: 04/01/2026 Page: 5 of 11

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depose Detective Hunt before trial. The state postconviction court denied some grounds and ordered an evidentiary hearing on the four grounds mentioned above. At the evidentiary hearing, Dwight and Matthew Wells ex- plained the difficulties they had experienced in obtaining discovery from the state. As for the call between Henderson and D.M., it was admitted into evidence and played in court. The call captured D.M. telling Henderson that the police had asked D.M. “if you have ever touched me.” Instead of surprise, Henderson responded only with “And?” before later urging D.M. to “get rid of my number” to hide their call history. Dwight admitted that he failed to obtain this call, which he knew about before trial and which he claimed would have corrected the state’s narrative about who had called whom. But Matthew believed that the call would not have been helpful for the jury to hear. Both lawyers testified that they first learned of the child pornography allegation during the state’s opening statement, but Matthew elected not to pursue a Richardson hearing because he believed a request would be futile based on the overruling of his initial objection. Finally, both lawyers conceded that they never de- posed Detective Hunt or reviewed her recorded interview with D.M. Matthew dismissed Hunt’s role as minor, but Dwight admit- ted that the failure to depose her had no strategic basis. The state postconviction court denied the remaining grounds and ruled that Henderson failed to establish ineffective as- sistance of counsel under Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 USCA11 Case: 24-11482 Document: 75-1 Date Filed: 04/01/2026 Page: 6 of 11

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(1984). It found the recorded call inculpatory—and not prejudi- cial—because Henderson urged D.M. to delete records of calls be- tween the two despite knowing that he was under investigation for allegations of sexual abuse against D.M. Regarding the child por- nography allegation, it found neither deficiency nor prejudice, as counsel’s decision not to pursue a “fruitless” motion was reasona- ble. The court excused counsel’s failure to depose Detective Hunt based on counsel’s chronic issues obtaining discovery from the state. And it also found that there was no prejudice from counsel’s failure to obtain and introduce Detective Hunt’s recorded inter- view with D.M., as the recording was merely cumulative of evi- dence that D.M. was not at first forthcoming with the police. The Second District Court of Appeal affirmed per curiam without opin- ion. Henderson v. State, 321 So. 3d 140 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2020). Henderson filed a federal petition that alleged five grounds for relief, only some of which are relevant to this appeal. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The district court denied the petition and ruled that the state court’s application of Strickland was reasonable. On Ground 1(a), it found that counsel’s decision not to pursue a Rich- ardson hearing and highlight the state’s lack of evidence on the child pornography allegation was a sound strategy. On Ground 1(b), it found no prejudice from the failure to play the call because Hen- derson’s request that D.M. hide evidence made the call harmful. On Ground 1(c), it found no prejudice because the recorded inter- view was cumulative of evidence that D.M. was not initially forth- coming with police. On Ground 2, the district court found no defi- ciency in the failure to depose Detective Hunt, explaining that USCA11 Case: 24-11482 Document: 75-1 Date Filed: 04/01/2026 Page: 7 of 11

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there is no constitutional mandate that requires counsel to depose every witness. It also found no prejudice resulted from counsel’s decision to forgo deposing Detective Hunt based on the direct vic- tim testimony detailing the abuse. Despite its denial, the district court granted a certificate of appealability on these grounds. II. STANDARD OF REVIEW We review de novo the denial of a petition for a writ of ha- beas corpus. King v. Warden, Ga. Diagnostic Prison, 69 F.4th 856, 867 (11th Cir. 2023). Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Pen- alty Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2254, we must give state court decisions “the benefit of the doubt.” King, 69 F.4th at 867 (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). We cannot set aside a state court’s ad- judication on the merits unless it was “either contrary to, or in- volved an unreasonable application of, clearly established federal law or was an unreasonable determination of the facts in the light of the evidence.” Id. (citation and internal quotation marks omit- ted). “A state court unreasonably applies federal law only if no fair- minded jurist could agree with the state court’s determination or conclusion.” Id. (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). “We evaluate the reasons offered by the court, but if we can justify those reasons on a basis the state court did not explicate, the state- court decision must still stand.” Id. (citing Pye v. Warden, Ga. Diag- nostic Prison, 50 F.4th 1025, 1036 (11th Cir. 2022) (en banc)). III. DISCUSSION Henderson argues that the state court’s decision was an un- reasonable application of federal law based on erroneous factual USCA11 Case: 24-11482 Document: 75-1 Date Filed: 04/01/2026 Page: 8 of 11

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findings. He contends that his trial was unfair because counsel failed to seek a Richardson hearing when the allegation that he had shown D.M. child pornography surfaced in the state’s opening statement. He also contends that his attorneys lacked access to a recording of a phone call between himself and D.M. and a recorded interview between Detective Hunt and D.M., and that a proper in- vestigation, including the deposition of Detective Hunt, would have uncovered these discovery violations. Because Henderson’s arguments turn on the alleged deficiencies of his attorneys and the resulting prejudice to his defense, the governing federal standard is Strickland. Henderson must prove that his counsel’s performance was deficient and that he was prejudiced by that deficient performance. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687. Failure to establish either element de- feats his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. Parnell v. United States, 149 F.4th 1268, 1275 (11th Cir. 2025). To establish a defi- ciency, he bears a “heavy burden” of establishing that counsel’s rep- resentation fell “‘below an objective standard of reasonableness’” such that “no competent counsel” would have taken the action that his counsel did take. Terrell v. GDCP Warden, 744 F.3d 1255, 1261 (11th Cir. 2014) (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688); Gissendaner v. Seaboldt, 735 F.3d 1311, 1323 (11th Cir. 2013) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). To establish prejudice, he must prove a “reasonable probability” of a different result, which must be “sub- stantial, not just conceivable.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694; Pye, 50 F.4th at 1041 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). USCA11 Case: 24-11482 Document: 75-1 Date Filed: 04/01/2026 Page: 9 of 11

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Henderson must also overcome a “doubly deferential” standard. The question is not whether the state court’s determina- tion was incorrect, but whether it was “unreasonable—a substan- tially higher threshold.” Harrington v. Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 105 (2011); Mendoza v. Sec’y, Fla. Dep’t of Corr., 761 F.3d 1213, 1236 (11th Cir. 2014) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). The state court reasonably determined that Henderson’s counsel was not deficient for not pursuing a Richardson hearing on the child pornography allegation. When the state mentioned the allegation in opening, counsel objected and, after the trial court overruled the objection, he made a strategic decision not to pursue a hearing based on his belief that it would have been futile. Instead, he pivoted to highlighting the lack of corroborating evidence. The state court reasonably determined that this was a sound strategy, and this determination is entitled to great deference. See Chandler v. United States, 218 F.3d 1305, 1316 (11th Cir. 2000) (en banc) (“When courts are examining the performance of an experienced trial coun- sel, the presumption that his conduct was reasonable is even stronger.”). Because Henderson has not established a deficiency, this claim fails. See Parnell, 149 F.4th at 1275. The state court also reasonably determined that Henderson suffered no prejudice from counsel’s failure to obtain the phone call between himself and D.M. and D.M.’s recorded interview with De- tective Hunt. As for the phone call, there is no reasonable proba- bility of a different outcome. Although the recording established USCA11 Case: 24-11482 Document: 75-1 Date Filed: 04/01/2026 Page: 10 of 11

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that D.M. initiated contact with Henderson, it also captured Hen- derson’s lack of shock when told that police asked D.M. whether Henderson had touched him. Henderson’s only response was “And?” followed by an instruction for D.M. to “get rid of my num- ber” to hide their call history. Had a jury heard this damning evi- dence, it would have likely bolstered the state’s case. Likewise, the state court’s finding of a lack of prejudice regarding the interview was reasonable because the recording was cumulative. D.M. ad- mitted on the stand that he was not initially forthcoming with the police. The recording offered no new value. Because the introduc- tion of the phone call or the interview would not have created a substantial likelihood of a different outcome, these claims fail. See Pye, 50 F.4th at 1041; Parnell, 149 F.4th at 1275. Finally, the state court also reasonably ruled that Henderson suffered no prejudice as a result of counsel’s failure to depose De- tective Hunt. He asserts that a deposition would have helped him undermine Detective Hunt’s credibility at trial. But the evidence against him was overwhelming. Both victims testified and de- scribed how Henderson groomed and abused them, using his fa- ther-like status to gain their trust. Even if counsel had impeached Detective Hunt, it would not have eroded the victims’ own credi- bility enough to create a substantial likelihood of a different out- come. See Pye, 50 F.4th at 1041. Because the state court reasonably concluded that Henderson failed to establish deficiency or preju- dice, this claim fails. See Parnell, 149 F.4th at 1275. USCA11 Case: 24-11482 Document: 75-1 Date Filed: 04/01/2026 Page: 11 of 11

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IV. CONCLUSION We AFFIRM the denial of Henderson’s petition for a writ of habeas corpus.