MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), FILED this Memorandum Decision shall not be Jun 29 2016, 8:28 am regarded as precedent or cited before any CLERK court except for the purpose of establishing Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals the defense of res judicata, collateral and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Megan Shipley Gregory F. Zoeller Marion County Public Defender Agency Attorney General of Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana J.T. Whitehead Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Michael Eldridge, June 29, 2016 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 49A02-1512-CR-2260 v. Appeal from the Marion Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Barbara Crawford, Appellee-Plaintiff Judge Trial Court Cause No. 49G09-1411-F6-51834
Baker, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1512-CR-2260 | June 29, 2016 Page 1 of 8 [1] Michael Eldridge appeals his convictions for Residential Entry,1 a Level 6
felony, and Resisting Law Enforcement,2 a class A misdemeanor. He argues
that the trial court erroneously admitted a 911 call into evidence. Eldridge also
seeks review of a fine that is listed on his sentencing order, even though the trial
court found him indigent as to fines and costs. Finding no error in the
admission of the 911 call, but finding that the sentencing order needs
clarification, we affirm and remand.
Facts
[2] At around 1:00 a.m. on November 14, 2014, Indianapolis Police Officers Dane
Elkins and Bryan Zotz received a report of a burglary in progress at 3050
Central Avenue. The report described the suspect as a Black male in a black
hoodie. Riding in the same marked police car, both officers arrived at the scene
in less than one minute.
[3] When the officers arrived at the location of the reported burglary, they noticed
that there were broken windows and that some lights were on inside the
residence. They also noticed a man standing inside the door of the house. This
man, later identified as Eldridge, matched the description of the suspect from
the report. Because this particular area of Central Avenue is lined with street
1 Ind. Code § 35-43-2-1.5. 2 Ind. Code § 35-44.1-3-1(a).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1512-CR-2260 | June 29, 2016 Page 2 of 8 lights, the officers were able to get good glimpses of Eldridge’s face. As the
officers emerged from their police car, Eldridge exited the house and began
running toward the back of the house. At this point, Officer Elkins drew his
weapon, repeatedly ordered Eldridge to show his hands, and ran after him.
Officer Zotz, meanwhile, ran across to the other side of the house. The three
men went back and forth behind the house several times, as Eldridge kept
changing his path of direction to evade the officers. When the officers
eventually caught up to Eldridge and handcuffed him, they noticed that he had
blood on his hands and body. They checked Eldridge for injuries and saw that
he had a cut on the right side of his back. They then called an ambulance.
[4] When the officers questioned him, Eldridge stated that he had been at the
residence to see a woman. He insisted that he needed to get inside the house,
even though the occupants had prevented him from doing so. Afterward,
Officers Elkins and Zotz spoke with the people inside the house, but neither
officer recalls speaking to anyone that had called the police.
[5] On November 26, 2014, the State charged Eldridge with Level 6 felony
residential entry and class A misdemeanor resisting law enforcement.
Eldridge’s jury trial was held in October 2015. At trial, Eldridge objected to the
admission of the 911 call that alerted the police. The trial court admitted this
evidence and played the recording in the courtroom.
[6] The caller in the recording gives his name as Damascus Cheatham, and
describes the ongoing events to the operator. However, some details of the
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1512-CR-2260 | June 29, 2016 Page 3 of 8 recording indicate that Cheatham did not actually see the attempted entry as it
was occurring; at one point, when the operator asks for more details, Cheatham
responds that he does not know and explains that he is inside the bedroom with
his cousin and two little girls. Later on, Cheatham can be heard relaying the
sequence of events from an unidentified male who was also in the house. At
trial, Officers Elkins and Zotz testified that they did not speak to a man named
Damascus Cheatham inside the house after they had arrested Eldridge.
[7] The jury found Eldridge guilty on both charges. The trial court sentenced
Eldridge to concurrent terms of 545 days for Count 1, with 365 days suspended
to probation, and to 365 days for Count 2, with 315 days suspended to
probation. The trial court also ordered Eldridge to complete alcohol
evaluations and treatment while on probation. Although the trial court found
Eldridge indigent as to fines and costs, the sentencing order nevertheless lists a
user fee of $250 for alcohol and drug programs. Eldridge now appeals.
Discussion and Decision
I. Admission of the 911 Call
[8] Eldridge’s first argument is that the trial court erred by admitting the 911 call
into evidence. Eldridge contends that the call is hearsay evidence that does not
fit into an exception to the hearsay rule. He also argues in the alternative that
the 911 call was not authenticated and should have been excluded for that
reason.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1512-CR-2260 | June 29, 2016 Page 4 of 8 [9] A trial court errs by admitting evidence if its decision flies against the logic and
effect of the facts and circumstances before it, or if a misinterpretation of law
has occurred. E.g., Teague v. State, 978 N.E.2d 1183, 1187 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012).
Hearsay is an out-of-court statement offered to prove the truth of the matter
asserted, and it is inadmissible unless it falls under an exception. Ind. R. Evid.
801(c). The exclusion of hearsay is meant to prevent the introduction of
unreliable evidence that cannot be tested through cross-examination. Truax v.
State, 856 N.E.2d 116, 124 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006).
[10] A statement that qualifies as an excited utterance is admissible as an exception
to the hearsay rule. Indiana Evidence Rule 803(2) defines an excited utterance
as a “statement relating to a startling event or condition, made while the
declarant was under the stress of excitement that it caused.” In this regard, we
turn to Teague, where this Court held that the statements of a 911 caller who did
not have personal knowledge of the underlying incident could be admissible if
the caller was merely repeating the statements of a victim to the 911 operator.
978 N.E.2d at 1188. In other words, there is no requirement that a declarant
have personal knowledge of the underlying event or condition being reported.
Id.
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), FILED this Memorandum Decision shall not be Jun 29 2016, 8:28 am regarded as precedent or cited before any CLERK court except for the purpose of establishing Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals the defense of res judicata, collateral and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Megan Shipley Gregory F. Zoeller Marion County Public Defender Agency Attorney General of Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana J.T. Whitehead Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Michael Eldridge, June 29, 2016 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 49A02-1512-CR-2260 v. Appeal from the Marion Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Barbara Crawford, Appellee-Plaintiff Judge Trial Court Cause No. 49G09-1411-F6-51834
Baker, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1512-CR-2260 | June 29, 2016 Page 1 of 8 [1] Michael Eldridge appeals his convictions for Residential Entry,1 a Level 6
felony, and Resisting Law Enforcement,2 a class A misdemeanor. He argues
that the trial court erroneously admitted a 911 call into evidence. Eldridge also
seeks review of a fine that is listed on his sentencing order, even though the trial
court found him indigent as to fines and costs. Finding no error in the
admission of the 911 call, but finding that the sentencing order needs
clarification, we affirm and remand.
Facts
[2] At around 1:00 a.m. on November 14, 2014, Indianapolis Police Officers Dane
Elkins and Bryan Zotz received a report of a burglary in progress at 3050
Central Avenue. The report described the suspect as a Black male in a black
hoodie. Riding in the same marked police car, both officers arrived at the scene
in less than one minute.
[3] When the officers arrived at the location of the reported burglary, they noticed
that there were broken windows and that some lights were on inside the
residence. They also noticed a man standing inside the door of the house. This
man, later identified as Eldridge, matched the description of the suspect from
the report. Because this particular area of Central Avenue is lined with street
1 Ind. Code § 35-43-2-1.5. 2 Ind. Code § 35-44.1-3-1(a).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1512-CR-2260 | June 29, 2016 Page 2 of 8 lights, the officers were able to get good glimpses of Eldridge’s face. As the
officers emerged from their police car, Eldridge exited the house and began
running toward the back of the house. At this point, Officer Elkins drew his
weapon, repeatedly ordered Eldridge to show his hands, and ran after him.
Officer Zotz, meanwhile, ran across to the other side of the house. The three
men went back and forth behind the house several times, as Eldridge kept
changing his path of direction to evade the officers. When the officers
eventually caught up to Eldridge and handcuffed him, they noticed that he had
blood on his hands and body. They checked Eldridge for injuries and saw that
he had a cut on the right side of his back. They then called an ambulance.
[4] When the officers questioned him, Eldridge stated that he had been at the
residence to see a woman. He insisted that he needed to get inside the house,
even though the occupants had prevented him from doing so. Afterward,
Officers Elkins and Zotz spoke with the people inside the house, but neither
officer recalls speaking to anyone that had called the police.
[5] On November 26, 2014, the State charged Eldridge with Level 6 felony
residential entry and class A misdemeanor resisting law enforcement.
Eldridge’s jury trial was held in October 2015. At trial, Eldridge objected to the
admission of the 911 call that alerted the police. The trial court admitted this
evidence and played the recording in the courtroom.
[6] The caller in the recording gives his name as Damascus Cheatham, and
describes the ongoing events to the operator. However, some details of the
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1512-CR-2260 | June 29, 2016 Page 3 of 8 recording indicate that Cheatham did not actually see the attempted entry as it
was occurring; at one point, when the operator asks for more details, Cheatham
responds that he does not know and explains that he is inside the bedroom with
his cousin and two little girls. Later on, Cheatham can be heard relaying the
sequence of events from an unidentified male who was also in the house. At
trial, Officers Elkins and Zotz testified that they did not speak to a man named
Damascus Cheatham inside the house after they had arrested Eldridge.
[7] The jury found Eldridge guilty on both charges. The trial court sentenced
Eldridge to concurrent terms of 545 days for Count 1, with 365 days suspended
to probation, and to 365 days for Count 2, with 315 days suspended to
probation. The trial court also ordered Eldridge to complete alcohol
evaluations and treatment while on probation. Although the trial court found
Eldridge indigent as to fines and costs, the sentencing order nevertheless lists a
user fee of $250 for alcohol and drug programs. Eldridge now appeals.
Discussion and Decision
I. Admission of the 911 Call
[8] Eldridge’s first argument is that the trial court erred by admitting the 911 call
into evidence. Eldridge contends that the call is hearsay evidence that does not
fit into an exception to the hearsay rule. He also argues in the alternative that
the 911 call was not authenticated and should have been excluded for that
reason.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1512-CR-2260 | June 29, 2016 Page 4 of 8 [9] A trial court errs by admitting evidence if its decision flies against the logic and
effect of the facts and circumstances before it, or if a misinterpretation of law
has occurred. E.g., Teague v. State, 978 N.E.2d 1183, 1187 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012).
Hearsay is an out-of-court statement offered to prove the truth of the matter
asserted, and it is inadmissible unless it falls under an exception. Ind. R. Evid.
801(c). The exclusion of hearsay is meant to prevent the introduction of
unreliable evidence that cannot be tested through cross-examination. Truax v.
State, 856 N.E.2d 116, 124 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006).
[10] A statement that qualifies as an excited utterance is admissible as an exception
to the hearsay rule. Indiana Evidence Rule 803(2) defines an excited utterance
as a “statement relating to a startling event or condition, made while the
declarant was under the stress of excitement that it caused.” In this regard, we
turn to Teague, where this Court held that the statements of a 911 caller who did
not have personal knowledge of the underlying incident could be admissible if
the caller was merely repeating the statements of a victim to the 911 operator.
978 N.E.2d at 1188. In other words, there is no requirement that a declarant
have personal knowledge of the underlying event or condition being reported.
Id. at 1188 (“Here, [the declarant] did not have personal knowledge of the
underlying incident [that the victim] described, but she did have personal
knowledge of, and was responding to, the startling event or condition that came
to her home in the middle of the night in the person of a bloodied [victim]
screaming for help.”).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1512-CR-2260 | June 29, 2016 Page 5 of 8 [11] We hold that the statements made in Cheatham’s call qualify as an excited
utterance. The trial court could reasonably believe that the declarant,
Cheatham, was still under the stress of experiencing an attempted residential
burglary and that he was, therefore, unlikely to make a deliberate falsification to
the 911 operator. And just as the declarant in Teague relayed messages between
the 911 operator and the victim, Cheatham relayed messages between the
unidentified male and the operator in this case. Furthermore, the temporal
proximity in this instance between the call and the officers’ arrival at the scene
increases the likelihood that Cheatham was still in an excited condition of
experiencing an entry into his house, even if he did not witness it firsthand.
This 911 call bears “sufficient indicia of reliability, the hallmark of all hearsay
exceptions.” Id. We therefore affirm the trial court’s decision to admit the 911
call into evidence under the excited utterance exception to the hearsay rule.3
[12] Lastly, we address Eldridge’s argument that the 911 call was not properly
authenticated. Because Eldridge did not base any of his objections at trial on
the ground of improper authentication, he must demonstrate that there was
fundamental error. Purifoy v. State, 821 N.E.2d, 409, 412 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005).
Fundamental error “applies only when the error constitutes a blatant violation
of basic principles, the harm or potential for harm is substantial, and the
resulting error denies the defendant fundamental due process.” Wilson v. State,
3 As we find the 911 call admissible as an excited utterance, we need not and will not address Eldridge’s argument regarding the present sense impression exception.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1512-CR-2260 | June 29, 2016 Page 6 of 8 931 N.E.2d 914, 919 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010). We note that, even if the trial
court’s admission of the 911 call into evidence was error, it was harmless. An
error is harmless if there is “substantial independent evidence of guilt satisfying
the reviewing court there is no substantial likelihood the challenged evidence
contributed to the conviction.” Teague, 978 N.E.2d at 1189. Officers Elkins
and Zotz themselves witnessed Eldridge attempting to break into the residence
at 3050 Central Avenue. The officers got good glimpses of Eldridge’s face as he
ran away from the house toward the backyard. As the alleged error was
harmless, it was a far cry from fundamental. Therefore, we decline to reverse
the trial court based on Eldridge’s authentication argument.
II. The Alcohol and Drug Program User Fee
[13] Eldridge next argues that the trial court should vacate the $250 fine that is listed
on his sentencing order. We remand this issue to the trial court for clarification.
[14] In-court pronouncements prevail over subsequent contradictory language. Stott
v. State, 822 N.E.2d 176, 178 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005). Thus, cases in which in-
court pronouncements vary from the written record should be remanded to the
trial court for correction.
[15] At Eldridge’s sentencing hearing, the trial judge found that Eldridge was
indigent as to fines and costs. Moreover, one section of Eldridge’s sentencing
order states that Eldridge is indigent for “court costs, fines, and probation fees”;
however, the Court Costs and Fees section of the order also lists an
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1512-CR-2260 | June 29, 2016 Page 7 of 8 “Alcohol/Drug Services Prgrm User Fee” in the amount of $250. Given this
discrepancy, we remand this issue back to the trial court to clarify its order.
[16] The judgment of the trial court is affirmed and remanded.
May, J., and Brown, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1512-CR-2260 | June 29, 2016 Page 8 of 8