ACCEPTED 06-13-00110-CR SIXTH COURT OF APPEALS TEXARKANA, TEXAS 1/5/2015 2:25:34 PM DEBBIE AUTREY CLERK
ORAL ARGUMENT WAIVED FILED IN 6th COURT OF APPEALS CAUSE NO. 06-13-00110-CR TEXARKANA, TEXAS 1/8/2015 3:01:00 PM IN THE DEBBIE AUTREY Clerk
COURT OF APPEALS
SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT TEXARKANA ____________________________________________________________
MICHAEL EARITT WHITE, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee ____________________________________________________________
ON APPEAL FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW LAMAR COUNTY, TEXAS TRIAL COURT NO. 60286; HONORABLE BILL HARRIS, JUDGE ____________________________________________________________
APPELLEE’S (STATE’S) BRIEF ____________________________________________________________
Gary D. Young, County and District Attorney Lamar County and District Attorney’s Office Lamar County Courthouse 119 North Main Paris, Texas 75460 (903) 737-2470 (903) 737-2455 (fax)
ATTORNEYS FOR THE STATE OF TEXAS IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL
Pursuant to Tex. R. App. P. 38.2(a)(1)(A), the list of parties and
counsel is not required to supplement or correct the appellant’s list.
-i- TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE NO.:
IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
STATEMENT OF THE CASE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT. . . . . . . . vii
ISSUE PRESENTED IN REPLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
STATEMENT OF FACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES
SOLE ISSUE PRESENTED IN REPLY: VIEWED IN THE LIGHT MOST FAVORABLE TO THE JURY’S VERDICT, THE EVIDENCE WAS LEGALLY SUFFICIENT FOR A RATIONAL JURY TO HAVE FOUND THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF DRIVING WHILE LICENSE INVALID BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
PRAYER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
-ii- INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
CASES: PAGE:
Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 912, 917-918 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 16
Clayton v. State, 235 S.W.3d 772, 778 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). . . 11
Clayton v. State, 652 S.W.2d 810, 812 (Tex. App.--Amarillo 1983, no pet.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 16
Ex parte Drake, 212 S.W.3d 822, 823-824 (Tex. App.--Austin 2006, pet. ref’d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 15, 16
Hankins v. State, 132 S.W.3d 380, 385 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004), cert. denied, 543 U.S. 944, 125 S.Ct. 358, 160 L.Ed.2d 256 (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Hartsfield v. State, 305 S.W.3d 859, 863 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2010, pet. ref’d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 318, 319, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 12, 16
Lugo v. Tagle, 783 S.W.2d 815, 816 (Tex. App.-- Corpus Christi 1990, no pet.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 15, 16
Malik v. State, 953 S.W.2d 234, 240 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Sparkman v. State, 997 S.W.2d 660, 663, 669 (Tex. App. --Texarkana 1999, no pet.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 14, 16
-iii- CASES: PAGE:
Vanderburg v. State, 365 S.W.3d 712, 714 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2012, no pet.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
White v. State, 441 S.W.3d 803, 805, 808-09 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2014, no pet.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Wilson v. State, 391 S.W.3d 131, 135 (Tex. App.-- Texarkana 2012, no pet.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 12
-iv- STATUTES: PAGE:
TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 2.04 (West 2014) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1 (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
TEX. R. APP. P. 38.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v, 1
TEX. REV. CIV. STAT. ANN. ART. 6687b, § 34 (1977). . . . . . . 13
TEX. TRANSP. CODE ANN. § 521.292(a) (West 2013) . . . . . . . 10, 17
TEX. TRANSP. CODE ANN. § 521.295(a)-(b) (West 2013) . . . 10, 17
TEX. TRANSP. CODE ANN. § 521.297(a) (West 2013) . . . . . . . 10, 17
TEX. TRANSP. CODE ANN. § 521.457(West 2013) . . . . . . . . . 13
TEX. TRANSP. CODE ANN. § 521.457(d) (West 2013) . . . . . . 17
TEX. TRANSP. CODE ANN. § 521.457(a) (West 2013) . . . . . . . iv, 16
TEX. TRANSP. CODE ANN. § 521.457(a) (2) (West 2013). . . . 12
TEX. TRANSP. CODE ANN. § 708.001 - .156 (West 2006) . . . . 14
TEX. TRANSP. CODE ANN. § 708.103(West 2006) . . . . . . . . . 14
TEX. TRANSP. CODE ANN. § 708.152 (West 2006) . . . . . . . . . 14
-v- STATEMENT OF THE CASE
This is a criminal appeal from the trial court’s final judgment and
sentence (CR, pgs. 51-52) for the misdemeanor offense of driving with an
invalid/suspended license with a prior conviction. See Tex. Transp. Code
Ann. § 521.457(a) (West 2013).
Following a traffic stop for speeding on November 6, 2012, Trooper
Tim Keele arrested the appellant, White, for the offense of driving with an
invalid/suspended license with a prior conviction. See RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 36,
42, 50. Subsequently, the State charged White by information with the
misdemeanor offense of driving while license suspended. See CR, pg. 7.
After a one-day trial, the jury found White guilty of the offense of
driving while license invalid/suspended with previous conviction, as charged
in the information. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 181; CR, pg. 57. The jury also
assessed punishment at imprisonment in the Lamar County jail for a term of
ninety (90) days and a fine in the amount of $1,000.00. See RR, Vol. 3, pg.
227; CR, pg. 61.
From the trial court’s final judgment and sentence (CR, pgs. 51-52),
White timely filed his notice of appeal. See CR, pg. 63. By this appeal,
White raised a single issue/point of error.
-vi- STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT
The State will waive oral argument. See Tex. R. App. P. 38.2.
-vii- ISSUE(S) PRESENTED IN REPLY
SOLE ISSUE PRESENTED IN REPLY: VIEWED IN THE LIGHT MOST FAVORABLE TO THE JURY’S VERDICT, THE EVIDENCE WAS LEGALLY SUFFICIENT FOR A RATIONAL JURY TO HAVE FOUND THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF DRIVING WHILE LIGENSE INVALID BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT.
-viii- CAUSE NO. 06-13-00110-CR
IN THE
SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT TEXARKANA ____________________________________________________________
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee ____________________________________________________________
ON APPEAL FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW LAMAR COUNTY, TEXAS TRIAL COURT NO. 60286; HONORABLE BILL HARRIS, JUDGE ____________________________________________________________
APPELLEE’S (STATE’S) BRIEF ____________________________________________________________
TO THE HONORABLE 6TH COURT OF APPEALS AT TEXARKANA:
COMES NOW, the State of Texas, by and through the elected County
and District Attorney of Lamar County, Gary D. Young, and the Lamar
County and District Attorney’s Office, respectfully submits its Appellee’s
(State’s) Brief under Rule 38.2 of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Unless otherwise indicated, Michael Earitt White will be referred to as
“the appellant” or “White” and the State of Texas as “the State.”
-1- STATEMENT OF FACTS
Traffic Stop for Speeding.
On November 6, 2012, Tim Keele, a trooper for the Texas Highway
Patrol for “a little over seven years,” (Trooper Keele) pulled White over for
speeding. See RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 22-23. Trooper Keele was on a previous
traffic stop (RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 24, 39) and was sitting on the side of the road
on FM 1497, inside the Loop. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 24. See also State’s
Exhibit 4 (DVD video of the traffic stops). Trooper Keele observed a
vehicle in his rear view mirror (RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 24, 40) that was speeding
over the speed limit of 40 there. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 24. Trooper Keele
activated his rear antenna, checked the vehicle’s speed, and confirmed it on
radar at 53 miles an hour. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 24.
Trooper Keele activated the patrol car’s emergency lights, and the
speeding vehicle pulled over. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 25. Trooper Keele walked
up to the vehicle, made contact with White, and advised him what he was
being stopped for. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 25. This incident “did happen” in
Lamar County, State of Texas. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 42.
White’s Driver’s License.
Trooper Keele asked him for his driver’s license and his insurance.
-2- See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 25. White “wasn’t being very pleasant.” See RR, Vol.
3, pg. 25. Trooper Keele asked him to step out and come to the back. See
RR, Vol. 3, pg. 25. White did comply with that. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 25.
White gave his license to Trooper Keele. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 26.
Trooper Keele advised White that he was “going to go check the
status of his driver’s license and that [he] would be right back with him and
to please stand where [he’d] asked him to.” See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 26. Later,
Trooper Keele had to call out to White not to move, but he did anyway. See
RR, Vol. 3, pg. 26. White went to get a soda out of his truck. See RR, Vol.
3, pg. 26. Trooper Keele advised White to stand back where he’d asked him
to and not go back to his vehicle. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 27.
Trooper Keele went back to his car to look up his driver’s license on
an in-car computer, like a mobile dispatch system, and found it to be
suspended. See RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 27, 30, 41. Trooper Keele entered the
driver license number and the license plate number of the vehicle. See RR,
Vol. 3, pg. 41. Trooper Keele had a license plate return and his driver
license return. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 28; State’s Exhibit 3. The license plate
return was “for local warrants, just Class C stuff here in Lamar County.”
See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 41. White had no local warrants out of Lamar County.
-3- See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 41.
The return showed an “SR suspension.” See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 31.
“That’s for state responsibility for a no-insurance citation.” See RR, Vol. 3,
pg. 31. Trooper Keele looked at the date on that, and it was “10/29 of ‘12”
with “no lift date.” See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 31. Trooper Keele stopped White on
“11/6 of ‘12.” See RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 31, 34.
Trooper Keele continued looking, and there was a mandatory
suspension for driving while license invalid for a previous Class C citation.
See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 32. It had a begin date of “10/29 of ‘12” and the end
date of 3/3 of 2013. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 32. White’s license was suspended
twice with two different dates. See RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 32, 46.
After that, Trooper Keele walked up to White and advised him of the
violation. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 36. Trooper Keele placed White under arrest,
placed him into handcuffs, searched his person and put him in the front
passenger seat of the patrol car. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 36. Trooper Keele
explained to White that “he was being arrested because a prior DWLI1
suspended him.” See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 42. See also RR, Vol. 3, pg. 50. On
1 During the trial on June 6, 2013, Trooper Keele explained that the terms “driving while license invalid” (or DWLI) and “driving while license suspended” were relatively the same terms. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 48. He further explained that the driving while license suspended was usually for insurance, for state responsibility. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 48.
-4- the following Monday, Trooper Keele “re-ran” his driver’s license to find
out what the history was. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 56.
Information and Jury Trial.
On December 31, 2012, the State charged White by information with
the misdemeanor offense of driving while license suspended. See CR, pg. 7.
The information, which included an enhancement paragraph, alleged in
pertinent part that:
ONE MICHAEL EARITT WHITE, late of said County and State, anterior to the presentment of this information, did then and there intentionally or knowingly operate a motor vehicle on a highway during a period that the defendant’s driver’s license was suspended or revoked under Chapter 521, Transportation Code.
See CR, pg. 7.
On June 6, 2013, the trial court called cause number 60286 and
questioned the State as to “any housekeeping matters” before swearing in the
jury. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 6. The State asked the trial court to swear in two
officers and to invoke the Rule. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 6. The trial court
invoked the Rule and instructed the officers, Tim Keele and Jamie Blunt.
See RR, Vol. 3, pgs 6-7. The trial court also conditionally admitted State’s
Exhibits 1 and 2. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 10; State’s Exhibits 1 and 2. The trial
court then granted White’s motion in limine regarding any other criminal
-5- acts of misconduct or any other criminal convictions. See RR, Vol. 3, pg.
11.
After the trial court gave its instructions to the jury, the State
presented the charging instrument. See RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 18-20. White
entered a plea of “not guilty.” See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 20. See also CR, pg. 53.
Following opening statements (RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 20-22), the State
called Trooper Keele as its only witness. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 22. See also
CR, pg. 37 (State’s List of Witnesses). After his testimony, the State rested.
See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 60.
The trial court excused the jury for “some procedural matters” since
White had filed a motion for an instructed verdict. See CR, pg. 65; RR, Vol.
3, pg. 61. While the jury remained in the jury room, the trial court heard
arguments from the State and opposing counsel. See RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 61-76.
Afterwards, the trial court overruled the motion for directed verdict. See
RR, Vol. 3, pg. 76 (“All we’re talking about are fact issues.”). The trial
court signed an order denying the motion. See CR, pg. 66.
Subsequently, the defense presented two (2) witnesses, including
White, who testified. See RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 99-140. The State called Judge
Gene Hobbs, who testified as a rebuttal witness. See RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 140-
-6- 155. Both sides then rested and closed. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 155.
Following the preparation of the court’s charge (CR, pgs. 53-56), the
trial court read the charge to the jury. See RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 157-165. After
closing arguments, (RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 165-179), the jury retired for its
deliberations. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 179. Following its deliberations, the jury
found White guilty of the offense of driving while license invalid/suspended
with previous conviction, as charged in the information. See RR, Vol. 3, pg.
181; CR, pg. 57.
Punishment Phase.
At the beginning of the punishment phase, both parties waived
opening arguments. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 189. The trial court admitted
several exhibits. See RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 191-193; State’s Exhibits 8-12. The
State then rested. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 193. The defense called White as a
witness during the punishment phase. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 194-207. Both
sides then rested and closed. See RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 207-208.
Upon the conclusion of the punishment phase, the trial court read its
punishment charge to the jury. See RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 209-215. After closing
arguments (RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 215-224), the jury retired for its deliberations.
See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 225. Following its deliberations, the jury returned a
-7- verdict. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 227. By its verdict, the jury assessed his
punishment at imprisonment in the Lamar County jail for a term of ninety
(90) days and a fine in the amount of $1,000.00. See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 227;
CR, pg. 61. The trial court then pronounced sentence. See RR, Vol. 3, pg.
229.
On June 6, 2013, the trial court signed its judgment and sentence. See
CR, pgs. 51-52. On the same day, White filed his notice of appeal. See CR,
pg. 63.
Proceedings in this Court.
On June 20, 2013, White filed his notice of appeal in this Court. Over
the period of several months, “no record ha[d] yet been filed.” See CR, pg.
100. This Court issued an abatement order on December 12, 2013. See CR,
pg. 102.
Subsequently, “the trial court held indigency hearing to determine
whether White was entitled to a free record and an appointed lawyer on
appeal.” See CR, pg. 88. The trial court ruled that White was not indigent
and was, thus, not entitled to have (1) court-appointed counsel to represent
him or (2) a free record provided on appeal. See CR, pg. 88. On July 28,
2014, this Court concluded, with Chief Justice Morriss writing for the
-8- majority, that “it was error to deny White a free record and an appointed
attorney on appeal.” See White v. State, 441 S.W.3d 803, 805 (Tex. App.--
Texarkana 2014, no pet.). Justice Moseley dissented. See id. at 808-09.
On or about August 18, 2014, the County Clerk of Lamar County filed
the Clerk’s Record. On September 4, 2014, this Court ordered the official
court reporter to file the Reporter’s Record on or before September 19, 2014.
On September 11th, the official court reporter filed the Reporter’s Record
with the exhibits being filed on September 17, 2014.
White sought an extension of time to file his brief, which this Court
granted. White filed his brief on or about November 14, 2014.
On or about December 16th, the State also sought an extension of time
to file its brief, which this Court granted until January 5, 2015. The State
will be filing its brief at that time.
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT
By a single issue/point of error, the appellant, White, challenged the
legal sufficiency of the evidence underlying his conviction. Viewed in the
light most favorable to the jury’s verdict, the evidence was legally sufficient
for a rational jury to have found the essential elements of driving while
license invalid beyond a reasonable doubt. Therefore, the trial court’s
-9- judgment and sentence should be affirmed.
SOLE ISSUE PRESENTED IN REPLY: VIEWED IN THE LIGHT MOST FAVORABLE TO THE JURY’S VERDICT, THE EVIDENCE WAS LEGALLY SUFFICIENT FOR A RATIONAL JURY TO HAVE FOUND THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF DRIVING WHILE LIGENSE INVALID BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT.
A. Introduction.
With his single issue, White alleged that the evidence was insufficient
to support the appellant’s conviction because there was no evidence to show
that the appellant had a lawful license suspension while he was driving on
November 6, 2012. See Appellant’s Brief, pg. 10. In support thereof, White
contended that his suspension period could not have lawfully begun until
well after he was stopped on November 6, 2012. See Appellant’s Brief, pg.
12 (citing Tex. Transp. Code Ann. § 521.292(a), § 521.295(a)-(b), §
521.297(a) (West 2013)).
B. Preservation of Error.
To support his position that the suspension period could not have
lawfully begun, White contended that “[t]he date of this notice [of
suspension] controls the effective date of the suspension.” See Appellant’s
Brief, pg. 12 (citing defense exhibit 1). In his brief, however, White did not
-10- provide any authority in support of this contention; it was inadequately
briefed. See Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(i); Hankins v. State, 132 S.W.3d 380, 385
(Tex. Crim. App. 2004), cert. denied, 543 U.S. 944, 125 S.Ct. 358, 160
L.Ed.2d 256 (2004). Further, this argument did not comport to the argument
made in the trial court. Accordingly, White waived this argument on appeal.
C. Standard of Appellate Review: Legal Sufficiency.
In evaluating legal sufficiency, this Court reviews all the evidence in
the light most favorable to the jury’s verdict to determine whether any
rational jury could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a
reasonable doubt. See, e.g., Vanderburg v. State, 365 S.W.3d 712, 714 (Tex.
App.--Texarkana 2012, no pet.) (Justice Carter) (citing Brooks v. State, 323
S.W.3d 893, 912 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) and Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S.
307, 319, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979)); Hartsfield v. State, 305
S.W.3d 859, 863 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2010, pet. ref’d) (citing Clayton v.
State, 235 S.W.3d 772, 778 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007)). A rigorous legal
sufficiency review focuses on the quality of the evidence presented. See
Wilson v. State, 391 S.W.3d 131, 135 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2012, no pet.)
(citing Brooks, 323 S.W.3d at 917-18 (Cochran, J., concurring)). This Court
examines legal sufficiency under the direction of the Brooks opinion, while
-11- giving deference to the responsibility of the jury “to fairly resolve conflicts
in testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from
basic facts to ultimate facts.” See Wilson, 391 S.W.3d at 135 (citing Hooper
v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007) (citing Jackson, 443 U.S.
at 318-19)).
Legal sufficiency of the evidence is measured by the elements of the
offense as defined by a hypothetically correct jury charge. See Wilson, 391
S.W.3d at 135 (citing Malik v. State, 953 S.W.2d 234, 240 (Tex. Crim. App.
1997)). The hypothetically correct jury charge “sets out the law, is
authorized by the indictment, does not unnecessarily increase the State’s
burden of proof or unnecessarily restrict the State’s theories of liability, and
adequately describes the particular offense for which the defendant was
tried.” See Wilson, 391 S.W.3d at 135.
D. The Law: Driving While License Invalid.
Section 521.457(a) of the Texas Transportation Code Annotated
provided in pertinent part that “[a] person commits an offense if the person
operates a motor vehicle on a highway:
(2) during a period that the person’s driver’s license or privilege is suspended or revoked under any law of this state;
See Tex. Transp. Code Ann. § 521.457(a)(2) (West 2013).
-12- Examination of the statute in question reveals these required elements:
(1) A person;
(2) whose license or driving privilege has been cancelled, suspended or revoked;
(3) drives any motor vehicle upon the highways of this State while such license or driving privilege is cancelled, suspended or revoked.
See Clayton v. State, 652 S.W.2d 810, 812 (Tex. App.--Amarillo 1983, no
pet.) (interpreting Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 6687b, § 34 (1977), the
predecessor statute to Tex. Transp. Code Ann. § 521.457 (West 2013)).
In Sparkman v. State, 997 S.W.2d 660 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 1999,
no pet.), the driver appealed his conviction for operating a motor vehicle
with a suspended license and this Court affirmed. See id. at 663. In
Sparkman, this Court held that as an element of the offense of driving with a
suspended license, the State was required to prove the appellant’s driver’s
license was suspended. See id. at 669. In Sparkman, the State did so by
introducing evidence that the Department of Public Safety automatically
suspended his driver’s license after the 1995 conviction based on his prior
1982 conviction. See id.
Where a statute provides for suspension of a driver’s license upon
conviction of a certain offense, the statute is self-operative, and the license is
-13- automatically suspended upon a final conviction. See Lugo v. Tagle, 783
S.W.2d 815, 816 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 1990, no pet.). The suspension
is not within the discretion of a court or jury. See id.
In Ex parte Drake, 212 S.W.3d 822 (Tex. App.--Austin 2006, pet.
ref’d), the court of appeals explained that:
The driver responsibility program was enacted by the legislature in 2003. Act of June 2, 2003, 78th Leg., R.S., ch. 1325, § 10.01, 2003 Tex. Gen. Laws 4884, 4942 (codified at Tex. Transp. Code Ann. §§ 708.001-.156 (West Supp. 2006)). Under the program, the Texas Department of Public Safety assesses an annual surcharge on the driver’s licenses of persons convicted of certain driving-related offenses during the preceding thirty-six month period. Tex. Transp. Code Ann. §§ 708.053-.054, 708.102-.104 (West Supp. 2006). The amount of the surcharge varies depending on the offense; the surcharge for driving without financial responsibility is $250 per year. Id. § 708.103. Failure to pay the surcharge results in the automatic suspension of the driver’s license until the surcharge is paid. Id. § 708.152. . . .
See Ex parte Drake, 212 S.W.3d at 823-24.
E. Application of Law: Legally Sufficient Evidence Supported White’s Conviction.
Here, as in Sparkman, the State was required to prove as one of the
elements that White’s driver’s license was suspended, and the State did so
through the testimony of Trooper Keele:
So, anyway, I went down and looked at the next one. It’s a SR suspension. That’s for state responsibility for a no-
-14- insurance citation. So, anyway, I looked at the date on that. It’s 10/29 of ‘12. I stopped Mr. White on 11/6 of ‘12. So, that would be the one that comes into play, or the first one. And so, anyway, I look at it, and it’s 12/31/9999. That’s the end date on it, which there’s no lift date.
See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 31. See also State’s Exhibit 3.
State’s Exhibit 3 was consistent with Trooper Keele’s testimony
because the last page of State’s Exhibit 3 confirmed that:
ENFORC ACTN: SR SUSPENSION - MANDATORY CONVICTION STATUS: ACTIVE BEGIN DT: 10292012 END DT: 12319999 LIFT DT: STATE: TX
See State’s Exhibit 3. See also Drake, 212 S.W.3d at 824 (failure to pay the
surcharge results in the automatic suspension of the driver’s license); Lugo,
783 S.W.2d at 816 (the statute is self-operative, and the license is
automatically suspended upon a final conviction).
In addition to the holdings in Drake and Lugo, Trooper Keele
explained through his training that the suspension was automatic by the
following testimony:
Q. And do you know how the suspension system works?
A. Yes.
Q. And how do you know that?
A. Through my training.
-15- Q. And you state that individuals automatically receive a suspension, correct?
A. Yes, ma’am, upon their conviction date.
See RR, Vol. 3, pg. 42.
As set forth above, the testimony of Trooper Keele and State’s Exhibit
3 established the element that White’s driver’s license was automatically
suspended for an “SR suspension” and mandatory conviction on October 29,
2012. See RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 31, 42; Drake, 212 S.W.3d at 824; Lugo, 783
S.W.2d at 816. Therefore, the evidence was sufficient to prove the element
that White’s driver’s license was suspended. See Sparkman, 997 S.W.2d at
669. The evidence was also sufficient to satisfy the remaining two (2)
elements, see Clayton, 652 S.W.2d at 812, that White’s driver’s license was
suspended on November 6, 2012 when Trooper Keele initiated a traffic stop
on the speeding motor vehicle driven by White, a person, upon FM 1497 in
Lamar County, Texas. See RR, Vol. 3, pgs. 24, 36, 42; State’s Exhibit 4.
Viewed in the light most favorable to the jury’s verdict, the State’s evidence
was legally sufficient for a rational Lamar County jury to have found the
essential elements of driving while license invalid beyond a reasonable
doubt. See Brooks, 323 S.W.3d at 912; Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319; Tex.
Transp. Code Ann. § 521.457(a) (West 2013).
-16- Finally, it was incumbent upon White to prove that his suspension
period could not have lawfully begun under Tex. Transp. Code Ann. §
521.292(a), § 521.295(a)-(b), § 521.297(a) (West 2013) by requesting an
issue in the jury charge and to prove such an affirmative defense by a
preponderance of the evidence. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 2.04 (West
Supp. 2014); § 521.457(d) (West 2013). Because White failed to do so, the
appellant’s argument on appeal should fail. Accordingly, the trial court’s
final judgment and sentence should be affirmed.
PRAYER
WHEREFORE PREMISES CONSIDERED, the State of Texas prays
that upon final submission of the above-styled and numbered cause without
oral argument, this Court affirm the trial court’s final judgment; adjudge
court costs against the appellant; and for such other and further relief, both at
-17- law and in equity, to which it may be justly and legally entitled.
Respectfully submitted,
Gary D. Young Lamar County & District Attorney Lamar County Courthouse 119 North Main Paris, Texas 75460 (903) 737-2470 (903) 737-2455 (fax)
By:________________________________ Gary D. Young, County Attorney SBN# 00785298 gyoung@co.lamar.tx.us
ATTORNEYS FOR THE STATE OF TEXAS
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
Pursuant to Rule 9.4(i)(3) of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure,
the “Appellee’s (State’s) Brief” was a computer-generated document and
contained 4586 words--not including the Appendix, if any. The undersigned
attorney certified that he relied on the word count of the computer program,
which was used to prepare this document.
______________________________ GARY D. YOUNG gyoung@co.lamar.tx.us
-18- CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
This is to certify that in accordance with Tex. R. App. P. 9.5, a true
copy of the “Appellee’s (State’s) Brief” has been served on the 5th day of
January, 2015 upon the following:
Don Biard McLaughlin Hutchison & Biard LLP 38 First Northwest Paris, TX 75460
______________________________ GARY D. YOUNG gyoung@co.lamar.tx.us
-19-