FIRST DIVISION BARNES, P. J., MERCIER and BROWN, JJ.
NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be physically received in our clerk’s office within ten days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed. http://www.gaappeals.us/rules
January 21, 2020
In the Court of Appeals of Georgia A19A2396. METROPOLITAN ATLANTA RAPID TRANSIT AUTHORITY v. BUHO et al.
BARNES, Presiding Judge.
The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (“MARTA”) appeals the
denial of its motion to dismiss this lawsuit or, in the alternative, motion to transfer the
lawsuit from the State Court of Fulton County to the Superior Court of Fulton
County. Because the record shows that the case should have been transferred, we
reverse the judgment and remand the case for proceedings not inconsistent with this
opinion.
In February 2019, Kasim Buho and Kenneth Redd (Plaintiffs) filed the
underlying complaint in the State Court of Fulton County, alleging that: on
December 19, 2017, they were passengers on a MARTA bus being operated by Virnita Daniel when the bus collided with an “unknown” parked vehicle; that the two
of them were injured as a result of the collision; that the collision was caused by
Daniel’s negligence; that at the time of the collision, Daniel was MARTA’s
employee; and that Daniel and MARTA, pursuant to the doctrine of respondeat
superior, were liable to them for damages, as well as attorney fees under OCGA § 13-
6-11. By special appearance, MARTA admitted that when the collision occurred,
Daniel was its employee and was operating the bus,1 but MARTA contested
jurisdiction and venue; it thus moved the State Court to either dismiss the case or
transfer it to the Superior Court of Fulton County where, as MARTA contended,
jurisdiction and venue were proper. The State Court denied MARTA’s motion.
1 In its appellate brief, MARTA summarizes that it has “admitted that Defendant Daniel was its employee and operating the MARTA bus within the course and scope of her employment.”
2 In this interlocutory appeal,2 MARTA argues in several interrelated claims of
error that the denial of its motion was error. We agree. For reasons explained more
fully below, the correct ruling was to grant the motion to the extent MARTA sought
a transfer of the case to the Superior Court of Fulton County.
As MARTA cited in the State Court, Section 10 (t) of the MARTA Act of 1965
provides:
Any action to protect or enforce any rights under the provisions of this Act or any suit or action against such Authority [i.e., MARTA], except as provided in Section 9 (c), shall be brought in the Superior Court of Fulton County, Georgia, and any action pertaining to validation of any bonds issued under the provisions of this Act shall likewise be brought in said court, which shall have exclusive, original jurisdiction of such actions.
2 The record contains no brief(s) filed by the Plaintiffs in the State Court. Also, the Plaintiffs filed no brief in the instant appeal. See Court of Appeals Rule 25 (b) (1) (“Part One [of appellee’s brief] shall point out any material inaccuracy or incompleteness of appellant’s statement of facts and any additional statement of facts deemed necessary, plus citations to additional parts of the record or transcript deemed material. Failure to do so shall constitute consent to a decision based on the appellant’s statement of facts. Except as controverted, appellant’s statement of facts may be accepted by this Court as true.”); Wildes v. Clark, 347 Ga. App. 348, 348, n. 3 (819 SE2d 511) (2018) (“[Appellee] failed to file a responsive brief in this appeal, and we therefore accept [Appellant’s] representation of the facts as being prima facie true.”). See also OCGA § 5-6-37 (“All parties to the proceedings in the lower court shall be parties on appeal . . . .”).
3 (Emphasis supplied.) Ga. L. 1965, pp. 2243, 2265. “We have read the MARTA Act
of 1965 and conclude[d] that Section 10 (t) thereof restricts the jurisdiction and venue
of any suit[ ] brought against MARTA, in all types of actions, to the Superior Court
of Fulton County.” MARTA v. McCain, 135 Ga. App. 460, 461 (218 SE2d 122)
(1975). We have further concluded that “the language used in [that] subsection clearly
applies to any suit or action against [MARTA] whether pertaining to revenue bonds
or not.” Id.3
In ruling that Section 10 (t) did not govern the instant lawsuit, the State Court
discerned that MARTA was being sued as a joint tort-feasor; that the Georgia
Constitution contained a specific venue provision for suits involving joint tort-
feasors;4 and that in cases such as Glover v. Donaldson, 243 Ga. 479 (254 SE2d 857)
3 See Glover v. Donaldson, 243 Ga. 479, 480 (254 SE2d 857) (1979) (affirming that Section 10 (t) of the MARTA Act “is not limited to suits arising out of revenue bonds”). 4 See Ga. Const. of 1983, Art. VI, Sec. II, Par. IV; see also McDonald v. MARTA, 251 Ga. App. 230, 230, n. 2 (554 SE2d 226) (2001) (“[F]or purposes of [Ga. Const. of 1983, Art. VI, Sec. II, Par. IV], even where an employer is sued for the acts of its employee only on the basis of respondeat superior, the employer is considered a joint tortfeasor with the employee.”); RC Cola Bottling Co. v. Vann, 220 Ga. App. 479, 481 (2) (469 SE2d 523) (1996) (discerning in lawsuit stemming from an automobile accident that the defendant driver of the delivery truck and the defendant employer of that driver were joint tort-feasors for purposes of ascertaining where venue was proper).
4 (1979), where MARTA was sued as a joint tort-feasor, the constitutional provision
pertaining to joint tort-feasors prevailed over Section 10 (t) of the MARTA Act such
that suit against MARTA was allowed to proceed outside the Superior Court of
Fulton County.
“Of course, it is true that if a statutory rule contradicts a constitutional rule, the
constitutional rule prevails.” Carpenter v. McMann, 304 Ga. 209, 211 (817 SE2d
686) (2018). But here, there was no showing of any conflict between Section 10 (t)
of the MARTA Act and the cited Constitutional provision. In the provision cited by
the State Court, the Georgia Constitution states: “Suits against . . . joint tort-feasors
. . . residing in different counties may be tried in either county.” Ga. Const. of 1983,
Art. VI, Sec. II, Par. IV. Accordingly, in this case, suit may be tried in the county of
residence of MARTA’s joint tort-feasor.5 It is uncontroverted that MARTA’s only
alleged joint tort-feasor (the operator of the bus) was a resident of Fulton County.6
5 We note also that “[t]he Georgia Constitution provides that venue generally lies in the county where the defendant resides.” Carpenter, 304 Ga. at 210, citing Ga. Const. of 1983, Art. VI, Sec. II, Par. VI. 6 In their complaint, the Plaintiffs alleged that the bus operator was a resident of Fulton County; further, the Plaintiffs alleged that MARTA’s principal place of business was in Fulton County and that its registered agent was on Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30324. In its order denying MARTA’s motion to dismiss or transfer the case, the State Court found that “both Defendants are residents of Fulton County.”
5 Application of Section 10 (t) of the MARTA Act of 1965 does not place suit outside
Fulton County (the resident-county of the alleged joint tort-feasor); thus, application
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FIRST DIVISION BARNES, P. J., MERCIER and BROWN, JJ.
NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be physically received in our clerk’s office within ten days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed. http://www.gaappeals.us/rules
January 21, 2020
In the Court of Appeals of Georgia A19A2396. METROPOLITAN ATLANTA RAPID TRANSIT AUTHORITY v. BUHO et al.
BARNES, Presiding Judge.
The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (“MARTA”) appeals the
denial of its motion to dismiss this lawsuit or, in the alternative, motion to transfer the
lawsuit from the State Court of Fulton County to the Superior Court of Fulton
County. Because the record shows that the case should have been transferred, we
reverse the judgment and remand the case for proceedings not inconsistent with this
opinion.
In February 2019, Kasim Buho and Kenneth Redd (Plaintiffs) filed the
underlying complaint in the State Court of Fulton County, alleging that: on
December 19, 2017, they were passengers on a MARTA bus being operated by Virnita Daniel when the bus collided with an “unknown” parked vehicle; that the two
of them were injured as a result of the collision; that the collision was caused by
Daniel’s negligence; that at the time of the collision, Daniel was MARTA’s
employee; and that Daniel and MARTA, pursuant to the doctrine of respondeat
superior, were liable to them for damages, as well as attorney fees under OCGA § 13-
6-11. By special appearance, MARTA admitted that when the collision occurred,
Daniel was its employee and was operating the bus,1 but MARTA contested
jurisdiction and venue; it thus moved the State Court to either dismiss the case or
transfer it to the Superior Court of Fulton County where, as MARTA contended,
jurisdiction and venue were proper. The State Court denied MARTA’s motion.
1 In its appellate brief, MARTA summarizes that it has “admitted that Defendant Daniel was its employee and operating the MARTA bus within the course and scope of her employment.”
2 In this interlocutory appeal,2 MARTA argues in several interrelated claims of
error that the denial of its motion was error. We agree. For reasons explained more
fully below, the correct ruling was to grant the motion to the extent MARTA sought
a transfer of the case to the Superior Court of Fulton County.
As MARTA cited in the State Court, Section 10 (t) of the MARTA Act of 1965
provides:
Any action to protect or enforce any rights under the provisions of this Act or any suit or action against such Authority [i.e., MARTA], except as provided in Section 9 (c), shall be brought in the Superior Court of Fulton County, Georgia, and any action pertaining to validation of any bonds issued under the provisions of this Act shall likewise be brought in said court, which shall have exclusive, original jurisdiction of such actions.
2 The record contains no brief(s) filed by the Plaintiffs in the State Court. Also, the Plaintiffs filed no brief in the instant appeal. See Court of Appeals Rule 25 (b) (1) (“Part One [of appellee’s brief] shall point out any material inaccuracy or incompleteness of appellant’s statement of facts and any additional statement of facts deemed necessary, plus citations to additional parts of the record or transcript deemed material. Failure to do so shall constitute consent to a decision based on the appellant’s statement of facts. Except as controverted, appellant’s statement of facts may be accepted by this Court as true.”); Wildes v. Clark, 347 Ga. App. 348, 348, n. 3 (819 SE2d 511) (2018) (“[Appellee] failed to file a responsive brief in this appeal, and we therefore accept [Appellant’s] representation of the facts as being prima facie true.”). See also OCGA § 5-6-37 (“All parties to the proceedings in the lower court shall be parties on appeal . . . .”).
3 (Emphasis supplied.) Ga. L. 1965, pp. 2243, 2265. “We have read the MARTA Act
of 1965 and conclude[d] that Section 10 (t) thereof restricts the jurisdiction and venue
of any suit[ ] brought against MARTA, in all types of actions, to the Superior Court
of Fulton County.” MARTA v. McCain, 135 Ga. App. 460, 461 (218 SE2d 122)
(1975). We have further concluded that “the language used in [that] subsection clearly
applies to any suit or action against [MARTA] whether pertaining to revenue bonds
or not.” Id.3
In ruling that Section 10 (t) did not govern the instant lawsuit, the State Court
discerned that MARTA was being sued as a joint tort-feasor; that the Georgia
Constitution contained a specific venue provision for suits involving joint tort-
feasors;4 and that in cases such as Glover v. Donaldson, 243 Ga. 479 (254 SE2d 857)
3 See Glover v. Donaldson, 243 Ga. 479, 480 (254 SE2d 857) (1979) (affirming that Section 10 (t) of the MARTA Act “is not limited to suits arising out of revenue bonds”). 4 See Ga. Const. of 1983, Art. VI, Sec. II, Par. IV; see also McDonald v. MARTA, 251 Ga. App. 230, 230, n. 2 (554 SE2d 226) (2001) (“[F]or purposes of [Ga. Const. of 1983, Art. VI, Sec. II, Par. IV], even where an employer is sued for the acts of its employee only on the basis of respondeat superior, the employer is considered a joint tortfeasor with the employee.”); RC Cola Bottling Co. v. Vann, 220 Ga. App. 479, 481 (2) (469 SE2d 523) (1996) (discerning in lawsuit stemming from an automobile accident that the defendant driver of the delivery truck and the defendant employer of that driver were joint tort-feasors for purposes of ascertaining where venue was proper).
4 (1979), where MARTA was sued as a joint tort-feasor, the constitutional provision
pertaining to joint tort-feasors prevailed over Section 10 (t) of the MARTA Act such
that suit against MARTA was allowed to proceed outside the Superior Court of
Fulton County.
“Of course, it is true that if a statutory rule contradicts a constitutional rule, the
constitutional rule prevails.” Carpenter v. McMann, 304 Ga. 209, 211 (817 SE2d
686) (2018). But here, there was no showing of any conflict between Section 10 (t)
of the MARTA Act and the cited Constitutional provision. In the provision cited by
the State Court, the Georgia Constitution states: “Suits against . . . joint tort-feasors
. . . residing in different counties may be tried in either county.” Ga. Const. of 1983,
Art. VI, Sec. II, Par. IV. Accordingly, in this case, suit may be tried in the county of
residence of MARTA’s joint tort-feasor.5 It is uncontroverted that MARTA’s only
alleged joint tort-feasor (the operator of the bus) was a resident of Fulton County.6
5 We note also that “[t]he Georgia Constitution provides that venue generally lies in the county where the defendant resides.” Carpenter, 304 Ga. at 210, citing Ga. Const. of 1983, Art. VI, Sec. II, Par. VI. 6 In their complaint, the Plaintiffs alleged that the bus operator was a resident of Fulton County; further, the Plaintiffs alleged that MARTA’s principal place of business was in Fulton County and that its registered agent was on Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30324. In its order denying MARTA’s motion to dismiss or transfer the case, the State Court found that “both Defendants are residents of Fulton County.”
5 Application of Section 10 (t) of the MARTA Act of 1965 does not place suit outside
Fulton County (the resident-county of the alleged joint tort-feasor); thus, application
of Section 10 (t) of the MARTA Act of 1965 does not contravene the Constitutional
provision cited by the State Court. See Carpenter, 304 Ga. at 211 (“[T]he legislature
has the authority to create reasonable statutory rules concerning venue when the
Constitution leaves space to do so.”).
Contrary to the State Court’s determination,7 Glover, 243 Ga. 479, does not
provide for jurisdiction and venue in the State Court of Fulton County in this case,
because Glover is distinguishable. In that case, MARTA was sued as a joint tort-
See generally McDonald, 251 Ga. App. at 230 (“Georgia law vested exclusive subject matter jurisdiction and venue for all actions against MARTA in the Superior Court of Fulton County.”) (citing, inter alia, Section 10 (t) of the MARTA Act of 1965); Jahncke Svc. v. Dept. of Transp., 134 Ga. App. 106, 109-110 (3) (213 SE2d 150) (1975) (analyzing whether special venue statutes are exclusive or cumulative of other venue statutes). 7 The record shows that when the State Court denied MARTA’s motion for reconsideration, it elaborated upon its reasoning, “Where, as here, both Defendants are residents of Fulton County, it is not required that the action be filed in Fulton Superior Court. Once it is determined that the exclusive venue provisions of the MARTA Act do not control, then venue is governed by the constitutional provision cited above [pertaining expressly to joint tort-feasors].”
6 feasor with a DeKalb County resident.8 Id. at 480. Hence, Glover held that Section
10 (t) of the MARTA Act gave way to the Georgia Constitutional provision that then
stated: “Suits against joint obligors, joint promisors, co-partners, or joint trespassers,
residing in different counties, may be tried in either county.” (Emphasis supplied.)
Glover, 243 Ga. at 480-481, n. 4. As Glover further ascertained, “The phrase ‘joint
trespassers’ has reference to joint tortfeasors.” Id. at 481, n. 4.
We do not read Glover as authority for disregarding language expressly set
forth in the cited Constitutional provision – i.e., that the joint tort-feasor contemplated
thereby was “residing in [a] different count[y].” See Gilbert v. Richardson, 264 Ga.
744, 747-748 (3) (452 SE2d 476) (1994); (“[I]t is a basic rule of construction that a
. . . constitutional provision should be construed . . . to give a sensible and intelligent
effect to each part.”) (citation and punctuation omitted).9 Here, where MARTA’s sole
8 At the outset, Glover framed the question presented as “whether or not MARTA . . . may be sued for negligence . . . in a county other than Fulton County, i.e., the county of residence of a . . . joint tortfeasor.” 243 Ga. at 479. 9 See generally Carpenter, 304 Ga. at 210 (instructing that statutory interpretative principles may hold true for constitutional interpretation); Davis v. Wallace, 310 Ga. App. 340, 345 (2) (713 SE2d 446) (2011) (“A well-established canon of statutory construction, inclusio unius, exclusio alterius, provides that the inclusion of one implies the exclusion of the others.”) (citation and punctuation omitted).
7 alleged joint tort-feasor was a resident of Fulton County, no conflict arises between
the Georgia Constitutional provision cited by the State Court and Section 10 (t) of the
MARTA Act. Accord Fouche v. Jekyll Island-State Park Auth., 713 F2d 1518, 1523
(I) (B) (11th Cir. 1983) (“Glover . . . held that when M.A.R.T.A. was sued as a joint
tortfeasor the Georgia constitutional venue provision which provides for an action
against joint tortfeasors in the county of residence of any joint tortfeasor controlled.
However, the Glover rule does not apply [where] there is no conflicting constitutional
provision.”). See generally McDonald v. MARTA, 251 Ga. App. 230, 232 (554 SE2d
226) (2001) (noting that “whenever possible, statutes are to be construed in
connection and in harmony with the Constitution, other statutes, the common law, and
decisions of the courts”). Moreover, as Glover went on to note: “[S]ection 10 (t) of
the MARTA Act authorizes suit against MARTA only in the Superior Court of Fulton
County as opposed to simply in Fulton County.” Glover, 243 Ga. at 483, n. 7.
Therefore, to “give effect to that clear meaning [of Section 10 (t) of the
MARTA Act of 1965,] . . . suit must be brought in the Superior Court of Fulton
County.” McCain, 135 Ga. App. at 462; see McDonald, 251 Ga. App. at 230-231
(“When jurisdiction and venue are based on MARTA, . . . and not on a joint tortfeasor
[residing in a different county], the MARTA Act controls and the action must be filed
8 in the Superior Court, not the State Court, of Fulton County.”). Given the foregoing,
the State Court erred by not transferring this case to the Fulton County Superior
Court. See Ga. Const. of 1983, Art. VI, Sec. I, Par. VIII (“Any court shall transfer to
the appropriate court in the state any civil case in which it determines that jurisdiction
or venue lies elsewhere.”); McDonald, 251 Ga. App. at 231 (“Where exclusive
jurisdiction to hear and determine a particular type of action is vested by law in the
superior courts such an action mistakenly filed in a state court must be transferred to
the appropriate court, not dismissed.”); J & A Pipeline Co. v. DeKalb County, 208 Ga.
App. 123, 127-128 (3) (430 SE2d 13) (1993) (“[T]he appropriate course of action for
a court presented with a meritorious motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction or
venue is to treat the motion as one for transfer and to transfer the case pursuant to the
Uniform Transfer Rules[.]”), rev’d in part on other grounds, DeKalb County v. J &
A Pipeline Co., 263 Ga. 645 (437 SE2d 327) (1993). We thus reverse the judgment,
and remand this case to the State Court for proceedings not inconsistent with this
opinion. See generally RC Cola Bottling Co. v. Vann, 220 Ga. App. 479, 781 (2) (469
SE2d 523) (1996) (reversing judgment and remanding case, upon trial court’s
erroneous ruling on motion to transfer venue).
Judgment reversed and case remanded. Mercier and Brown, JJ., concur.