Merrick v. Lewis

952 P.2d 309, 191 Ariz. 71
CourtCourt of Appeals of Arizona
DecidedMarch 17, 1998
Docket2 CA-CV 96-0085
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 952 P.2d 309 (Merrick v. Lewis) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Arizona primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Merrick v. Lewis, 952 P.2d 309, 191 Ariz. 71 (Ark. Ct. App. 1998).

Opinion

OPINION

DRUKE, Chief Judge.

Appellant, a prison inmate, filed a four-count complaint against various officials and staff of the Arizona Department of Corrections (collectively, ADOC), alleging they had lost some of his personal property. The state moved to dismiss the complaint based on the provisions of A.R.S. § 31-201.01(L). The trial court granted the motion and, pursuant to A.R.S. § 41-1604.10(E)(1), ordered that appellant forfeit five days’ earned release credits. This appeal followed.

*73 Section 31-201.01(L) prohibits prison inmates from suing the state “for injuries suffered while in the custody of the state ... unless the complaint alleges specific facts from which the court may conclude that the plaintiff suffered serious physical injury or the claim is authorized by a federal statute.” Appellant’s complaint alleged that (1) the loss of his property occurred because ADOC had “been grossly negligent with respect to storing [his] property”; (2) ADOC had denied appellant due process of law “by depriving him of property without notice or hearings”; (3) the loss included religious literature and thus injured appellant’s religious freedom; and (4) ADOC had violated its duty under A.R.S. § 41-1602 “to provide [appellant] with rehabilitation programming” because the lost property included “spiritual and physical rehabilitation materials.”

Appellant first contends that § 31-201.01(L) unconstitutionally abridges his right to petition the government. 1 We disagree. The loss of appellant’s property by ADOC does not implicate a citizen’s right to petition the government. That involves

[t]he right of the people to meet in public places to discuss in open and public manner all questions affecting their substantial welfare, and to vent their grievances, to protest against oppression, economic or otherwise, and to petition for the amelioration of their condition, and to discuss the ways and means of attaining that end.

State v. Butterworth, 104 N.J.L. 579, 142 A. 57, 58 (1928). See also Pink v. Lester, 52 F.3d 73, 76 (4th Cir.1995) (inadvertent misrouting of prisoner’s request form “simply does not implicate the fundamental democratic principle of the right to petition; namely, that a republican government not turn a deaf ear to its citizenry”).

Appellant also contends, citing various federal cases and article II, § 4, of the Arizona Constitution, that § 31-201.01(L) violates his constitutional right to substantive due process because it denies him access to Arizona’s courts. This right, appellant argues, “is founded in the due process clause and assumes that no person will be denied the opportunity to present to the judiciary allegations concerning violations of fundamental rights.” Although due process extends to all citizens, it does not extend to all deprivations by the government. In Daniels v. Williams, 474 U.S. 327, 106 S.Ct. 662, 88 L.Ed.2d 662 (1986), the Supreme Court held that a prisoner could not proceed under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 on a negligence claim against a deputy sheriff because “lack of due care suggests no more than a failure to measure up to the conduct of a reasonable person. To hold that injury caused by such conduct is a deprivation within the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment would trivialize the centuries-old principle of due process of law.” 474 U.S. at 332, 106 S.Ct. at 668, 88 L.Ed.2d at 668. The Court observed that “[h]istorically, th[e] guarantee of due process has been applied to deliberate decisions of government officials to deprive a person of life, liberty or property.” Id. See also Pink v. Lester, 52 F.3d at 76 (based on Daniels, “we think that the unintended misrouting of a [prisoner’s] routine money order request is too far afield from state action ... to constitute a violation of the Due Process Clause”). For the same reason, we hold that the negligent loss of appellant’s property by ADOC does not amount to a denial of due process.

Appellant next contends that the trial court improperly dismissed his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 civil rights claim against ADOC because § 31-201.01(L) expressly allows claims “authorized by a federal statute.” While we agree the statute allows § 1983 claims against the state, none of the four counts in appellant’s complaint specifically alleges such a claim against ADOC. Moreover, even if we liberally construe the complaint to include a § 1983 claim, Daniels defeats it for the reasons discussed above.

Appellant further contends that he has been denied his constitutional right of equal protection because both the trial court and this court refused to waive filing fees. Our supreme court addressed this issue in Tahtinen v. Superior Court, 130 Ariz. 513, 637 P.2d 723 (1981), holding:

*74 [I]ndigent plaintiffs or appellants have the right to waiver of filing fees in Arizona courts only when the case [involves] an appeal from a criminal conviction, a habeas corpus petition challenging the legality, of the state’s incarceration of the plaintiff, or a lawsuit [involving a fundamental right] within the doctrine of Boddie v. Connecti cut, [401 U.S. 371, 91 S.Ct. 780, 28 L.Ed.2d 113 (1971) ].

130 Ariz. at 516, 637 P.2d at 726. Because appellant’s case does not fall within those enumerated, he was properly charged the requisite filing fees. See §§ 12-119.01, 12-120.31, 12-284, and 12-311.

Finally, appellant challenges the trial court’s deduction of five days’ earned release credits pursuant to § 41-1604.10(E)(1). The statute allows the court to deduct credits if it finds an inmate has brought “a claim without substantial justification.” Appellant contends that because he was convicted in 1991 and the statute was enacted in 1993, it violates the constitutional prohibition against ex post facto laws. 2

The legislature enacted § 41-1604.10 together with a number of other statutes involving the Department of Corrections, earned release credits, and parole eligibility. In examining these statutes, we have found a significant inconsistency in the application of § 41-1604.10. Subsection G provides that the statute “applies only to persons who commit felonies before January 1, 1994.” (Emphasis added.) 3

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Related

True v. Stewart
18 P.3d 707 (Arizona Supreme Court, 2001)
Merrick v. Lewis
964 P.2d 473 (Arizona Supreme Court, 1998)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
952 P.2d 309, 191 Ariz. 71, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/merrick-v-lewis-arizctapp-1998.