Menjivar-Carbajal v. Bondi

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: July 21, 2025
• Docket: 23-3713
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JUL 21 2025 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

FLOR MENJIVAR-CARBAJAL; A.L.M., No. 23-3713 Agency Nos. Petitioners, A220-460-815 A220-460-816 v.

PAMELA BONDI, Attorney General, MEMORANDUM*

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted July 14, 2025**

Before: HAWKINS, S.R. THOMAS, and McKEOWN, Circuit Judges.

Flor Menjivar-Carbajal (“Menjivar-Carbajal”), and her minor daughter,

natives and citizens of El Salvador, petition pro se for review of the Board of

Immigration Appeals’ order dismissing their appeal from an immigration judge’s

decision denying their applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction

under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review the agency’s factual findings for substantial

evidence. Conde Quevedo v. Barr, 947 F.3d 1238, 1241 (9th Cir. 2020). We deny

the petition for review.

We do not disturb the agency’s determination that the petitioners failed to

show they suffered harm that rose to the level of persecution. See Mendez-

Gutierrez v. Ashcroft, 340 F.3d 865, 869 n.6 (9th Cir. 2003) (threats standing alone

constitute past persecution in only a small category of cases, and only when the

threats are so menacing as to cause significant actual suffering or harm); see also

Flores Molina v. Garland, 37 F.4th 626, 633 n.2 (9th Cir. 2022) (court need not

resolve whether de novo or substantial evidence review applies, where result

would be the same under either standard). Here, although an MS-13 gang member

threatened Menjivar-Carbajal and sent her horrific photos, the relevant threatening

conduct was not so menacing or suggestive of imminent harm as to rise to the level

of persecution.

Substantial evidence supports the conclusion that the petitioners failed to

establish a reasonable possibility of future persecution. See Nagoulko v. INS, 333

F.3d 1012, 1018 (9th Cir. 2003) (holding a fear of future persecution was not

objectively reasonable where the possibility of future persecution was “too

speculative”). The petitioners remained in El Salvador for multiple years after the

2 23-3713 threatening phone calls ended and remained unharmed. Thus, petitioners’ asylum

claims fail.

Because petitioners failed to establish eligibility for asylum, they necessarily

failed to satisfy the more stringent standard for withholding of removal. See

Villegas Sanchez v. Garland, 990 F.3d 1173, 1183 (9th Cir. 2021).

Because petitioners did not challenge the agency’s dispositive determination

that they would not be tortured by or with the consent or acquiescence of the

government, they forfeited their challenge to the agency’s CAT determination. See

Koerner v. Grigas, 328 F.3d 1039, 1048 (9th Cir. 2003) (holding that this court

“will not ordinarily consider matters on appeal ‘that are not specifically and

distinctly argued in appellant’s opening brief’” (quoting United States v. Ullah,

976 F.2d 509, 514 (9th Cir. 1992)).

PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.

3 23-3713