Menell v. First National Bank of Boston

174 B.R. 685, 32 Collier Bankr. Cas. 2d 1087, 1994 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 19487, 1994 WL 673057
CourtDistrict Court, D. New Jersey
DecidedFebruary 23, 1994
DocketCiv. No. 93-5567 (CSF)
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 174 B.R. 685 (Menell v. First National Bank of Boston) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, D. New Jersey primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Menell v. First National Bank of Boston, 174 B.R. 685, 32 Collier Bankr. Cas. 2d 1087, 1994 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 19487, 1994 WL 673057 (D.N.J. 1994).

Opinion

OPINION

CLARKSON S. FISHER, District Judge.

Before the court is an appeal of a bankruptcy court order dated November 24,1993. The sole issue on appeal is whether the [686]*686bankruptcy court erred in holding that the clear language of 11 U.S.C. § 522(f)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code permits the debtor to avoid the appellee’s lien only to the extent that it impairs his homestead exemption of $2,100, thereby rejecting the debtor’s contention that 11 U.S.C. § 522(f)(1) enables the debtor to avoid the full amount of the a judgment lien in the amount of $5,502,956 in favor of appellee, First National Bank of Boston (“First National”).

The debtor-appellant, Paul Menell, filed a petition under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code on November 17,1992. On Schedule A of the petition, the appellant listed 21 Iron-gate Village, Metuchen, New Jersey, as real property with a value of $112,500.00. On Schedule C of his petition, appellant listed a $7,500.00 homestead exemption for the property pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 522(d)(1). The property is encumbered by two consensual mortgages. As of the petition date, real property was encumbered.by the following liens:

American Union Savings Bank $ 69,400 (First Mortgage)
Carteret Savings Bank 41,000 (Second Mortgage)
First National Bank of Boston 5,502.956 (judgment hen)
Key Bank (judgment hen) 250,000

Accordingly, the consensual encumbrances on the real property totalled $110,400.00 ($69,400.00 + $41,000.00).

Neither secured creditor filfed an objection to the appehant’s $7,500.00 homestead exemption. The real property was abandoned by the Chapter 7 Trustee on February 23, 1993, pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 554. On March 1, 1993, the bankruptcy court issued a discharge of the appellant, discharging him from any personal liability for the discharge-able debts hsted on his petition.

On July 12, 1993, appehant filed a motion in the bankruptcy court to avoid the judicial hens of First National and Key Bank under 11 U.S.C. § 522(f)(1). Appehee filed an objection to the motion, and the bankruptcy court conducted a hearing on the motion on July 20, 1993. On November 8, 1993, the bankruptcy court ruled that the amount of equity in the real property was $2,100.00, calculated by subtracting the amount of the nonavoidable mortgage hens from the value of the real property, and held that the appellant could avoid First National’s judicial hen pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 522(f)(1) only to the extent that it impairs his homestead exemption, measured by the appellant’s equity in the property ($2,100.00) as of that date. The court also held that the appehant could avoid Key Bank’s judicial hen in its entirety, since Key bank had failed to respond to the motion. On November 24,1993, the bankruptcy court entered an order reflecting the decision, and on December 3, 1993, the debtor appealed the bankruptcy court’s decision to this court.

Both parties acknowledge that the sole issue on appeal involves only the bankruptcy court’s conclusions of law. Accordingly, this court’s review is de novo. Matter of Jersey City Medical Center, 817 F.2d 1055, 1059 (3d Cir.1987).

Appehant asserts that he is entitled to avoid the appellee’s hen on his principal residence in its entirety where there is insufficient equity to satisfy completely both the judicial hen and the debtor’s right to his exemption. In support of his argument, appellant cites a line of authority which concluded that section 522(f)(1) permits avoidance of the entire judicial hen if or when the hen impairs an exemption of the debtor. See In re Galvan, 110 B.R. 446 (9th Cir. BAP 1990); In re Osborne, 156 B.R. 188, 191 (Bankr.W.D.Va.1993). Appehant argues that under this approach he would be entitled to avoid First National’s entire $5.5 million hen, because it impairs his homestead exemption. Appehant also contends that this interpretation of section 522(f)(1) comports with the Bankruptcy Code’s purpose of creating a “fresh start” for the debtor. See Local Loan v. Hunt, 292 U.S. 234, 244, 54 S.Ct. 695, 699, 78 L.Ed. 1230 (1934); Matter of Lapointe, 150 B.R. 92, 94 (Bankr.D.Conn.1993); House Rep. No. 95-595, 95th cong., 1st Sess. 362 (1977); S.Rep. No. 95-989, 95 Cong.2d Sess. 76 (1978). U.S.Code Cong. & Admin. News [687]*6871978, p. 5787. Finally, appellant contends that affirming the bankruptcy court’s interpretation of section 522(f)(1) mil serve only to encourage repeat bankruptcy filings by the same debtor seeking additional recourse to the $7,500.00 homestead exemption until the judicial lien is avoided piece by piece.

11 U.S.C. § 522 provides, in pertinent part:

Notwithstanding any waiver of exemptions, the debtor may avoid the fixing of a lien on an interest of the debtor in property to the extent that such Ken impairs an exemption to which the debtor would have been entitled under subsection (b) of this section, if such Ken is—
(1) a judicial Ken.

Resolution of this matter turns on fundamental principles of statutory interpretation. The bankruptcy court concluded that the plain language of the statute provides that the avoidance provisions of section 522(f)(1) aKow the avoidance of the fixing of the Ken to the extent that such Ken impairs an exemption; “the ordinary meaning of the phrase ‘to the extent’ is the ‘amount or degree to which a thing extends’ or the ‘scope’ or ‘limits’ to which something appKes.” Bankruptcy Mem.Op. at p. 5. A reading of section 522(f) constrains this court to endorse the conclusion of the bankruptcy court. The clear language of the statute indicates that the avoidance provisions of section 522(f)(1) aKow a debtor to avoid a judicial Ken on an interest of the debtor in property “to the extent that such Ken impairs an exemption,” which in this case the bankruptcy court determined was $2,100.00, a determination not disputed by the parties. See In re Simonson, 758 F.2d 103 (3d Cir.1985). The proposition advanced by appeKant, that the Bankruptcy Code’s “fresh start poKcy” warrants avoidance of the entire judicial Ken of First National under section 522(f)(1) is contrary to the plain meaning of that statute. Where the statutory meaning is plain, “the sole function of the court is to enforce it according to its terms.” United States v. Ron Pair Enterprises, Inc., 489 U.S. 235, 240, 109 S.Ct. 1026, 1029-30, 103 L.Ed.2d 290 (1989).

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174 B.R. 685, 32 Collier Bankr. Cas. 2d 1087, 1994 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 19487, 1994 WL 673057, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/menell-v-first-national-bank-of-boston-njd-1994.