Melvin v. United States

14 Cl. Ct. 236, 7 U.S.P.Q. 2d (BNA) 1483, 1988 U.S. Claims LEXIS 21, 1988 WL 11018
CourtUnited States Court of Claims
DecidedFebruary 12, 1988
DocketNo. 89-86C
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 14 Cl. Ct. 236 (Melvin v. United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Court of Claims primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

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Melvin v. United States, 14 Cl. Ct. 236, 7 U.S.P.Q. 2d (BNA) 1483, 1988 U.S. Claims LEXIS 21, 1988 WL 11018 (cc 1988).

Opinion

ORDER

ROBINSON, Judge.

This case is before the Court on defendant’s motion for entry of supplemental protective order, plaintiffs motion for order controlling discovery of export controlled information, and plaintiffs motion to compel production of documents. For reasons hereinafter stated, the Court grants in part the defendant’s motion for entry of supplemental protective order. Thus, the Court denies plaintiff’s motion for order controlling discovery of export controlled information. Because the Court today enters its own supplemental protective order as part of this order, and because the Court expects the parties to proceed with discovery pursuant to the supplemental protective order, the Court denies as unnecessary and without prejudice, plaintiffs motion to compel.

Facts

Plaintiff is the patentee and owner of U.S. patent 3,586,268, entitled “Instrument Flight System,” U.S. patent 3,714,824, entitled “Instrument Flight System,” U.S. patent 3,970,829, entitled “Composite Situation Analyzer and Instrument Flight System,” and U.S. patent 4,040,005, entitled “Composite Situation Analyzer and Instrument Flight System.” Plaintiff claims that the United States Air Force has incorporated flight control systems into the F-16 aircraft which embody the inventions of one or more claims of each of plaintiff’s patents without plaintiff’s consent. Plaintiff has pursued both Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests and administrative proceedings with respect to previous claims that other aircraft infringed his patents. Since plaintiff considered the responses he received to his FOIA requests and his administrative claims to be insufficient and incomplete, he has not pursued these remedies as to the F-16 aircraft claim.

Plaintiff avers that because of the sensitive nature of the information he seeks, the defendant is in sole possession of any records and documents concerning the nature of the alleged unauthorized use and manufacture by or for the defendant of the inventions claimed in the patents. Thus, plaintiff contends that he requires full and complete discovery from defendant of all documents and records relating to the manufacture, purchase, acceptance, and use of flight control systems as disclosed and claimed in plaintiffs patents. In his motion to compel, plaintiff seeks, at the minimum, the production of two avionic system manuals which are export controlled.

[238]*238Defendant has maintained throughout this litigation that plaintiff’s discovery methods amount to no more than a “fishing expedition” for a cause of action. Defendant argues that discovery is designed only to support a cause of action. Defendant contends that under plaintiff’s theory of discovery, a patent owner may come to Court with a mere blind suspicion that the Government is infringing the patent and force the Government at great expense to investigate the owner’s suspicion.

Despite its position, the defendant has engaged in substantial discovery. Under a stipulated protective order covering unclassified but restricted or limited-access information, entered by the Court on April 6, 1987, and which continues in effect, defendant supplied to plaintiff four pages of an F-16 manual which detail the screens used with the aircraft’s flight control system. In December 1987, defendant produced an additional 600 pages of descriptive material on the F-16. Most recently, the defendant has served its responses to plaintiff’s tenth set of interrogatories.

The defendant believes, however, that the April 6, 1987 protective order provides no adequate safeguards to control the dissemination of the export controlled documents that plaintiff now seeks. Defendant and its Department of Defense component refuse to produce to plaintiff two F-16 Avionic System Manuals, as well as other export controlled information responsive to plaintiffs discovery requests, until an “acceptable” supplemental protective order is entered by the Court. The parties have failed to stipulate to a supplemental protective order specifically tailored to cover export controlled information. The defendant, though, now moves the Court to adopt a proffered draft of a supplemental protective order.

Plaintiff opposes on two grounds the entry of defendant’s proposed supplemental protective order. First, plaintiff argues that the protective order is inappropriate and that discovery should proceed pursuant to 32 CFR Part 250, which provides guidelines for the dissemination and withholding of technical data to U.S. contractors. Second, plaintiff contends that the supplemental protective order as drawn by defendant is excessively restrictive and unreasonable because it limits the number of experts to whom plaintiff may release information received under the protective order to three, and it requires the disclosure of plaintiff’s experts to defendant, as well as the permission of the defendant before the release of the export controlled information to plaintiff’s experts. In addition, the protective order prohibits the photocopying of any of the restricted information, although defendant has indicated it will provide as many copies, within reason, that the plaintiff requires.

Discussion

Defendant’s contentions that plaintiff is on a “fishing expedition” aside, the Court is of the opinion that plaintiff is entitled to some discovery to support its broad claim that the F-16 infringes his patents. There is considerable merit to plaintiff’s position that without the discovery he seeks, he is stymied from adequately supporting his claim because defendant controls exclusively the access to technical data that would assist plaintiff in specifying by name and claim the accused devices. Thus, it is equitable that the Court allow discovery to proceed under its close supervision. During this discovery, the Court expects plaintiff to abide by his express representation that if the documentation he receives does not provide solid grounds that his patent claims are contravened by the F-16, he will dismiss in totality the instant case.

The Court is not persuaded that 32 CFR Part 250 permits plaintiff access to the information he seeks to compel. The purpose of Part 250 is to establish policy, prescribe procedures, and assign responsibility for the dissemination and withholding of technical data. 32 CFR § 250.1. Because public disclosure of technical data subject to Part 250 is “tantamount to providing uncontrolled foreign access,” 32 CFR § 250.4(b), the Secretary of Defense may withhold from public disclosure any technical data with military or space appli[239]*239cation in the possession of, or under the control of, the Department of Defense, if the data are subject to export control. 32 CFR § 250.4(a). Despite the authority to withhold technical data, the Secretary of Defense, as a matter of policy, routinely provides technical data governed by Part 250 to individuals and enterprises that are determined to be currently qualified U.S. Contractors, when the data relate to a legitimate business purpose for which the contractor is certified.

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14 Cl. Ct. 236, 7 U.S.P.Q. 2d (BNA) 1483, 1988 U.S. Claims LEXIS 21, 1988 WL 11018, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/melvin-v-united-states-cc-1988.