MODIFY and AFFIRM; Opinion Filed March 19, 2014.
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-12-01443-CR
MELVIN JERMAIN JOHNSON, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the Criminal District Court No. 6 Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. F-11-60284-X
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices O’Neill, Myers, and Brown Opinion by Justice Brown
A jury convicted Melvin Jermain Johnson of aggravated sexual assault and assessed
punishment, enhanced by a prior conviction, at sixty years in prison and a $7,500 fine. In two
points of error, he challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support his conviction and the
trial court’s denial of his requested jury instruction on the lesser included offense of sexual
assault. We modify the trial court’s judgment to correctly reflect appellant’s plea of true and the
jury’s finding of true to the State’s enhancement allegation and affirm the judgment as modified.
Background
Appellant was charged by indictment with the offense of aggravated sexual assault while
using or exhibiting a deadly weapon, a firearm. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.021(a)(1)(A)(i)–(ii), (a)(2)(A)(iv) (West Supp. 2013). Appellant pleaded not guilty to the
charge, and the case was tried to a jury.
The complainant is an adult female, who in September of 2011, was selling her body for
sex as a way to earn money. To solicit business, she placed an ad on a chat line that said “pay to
play.” The complainant met appellant through the chat line. She testified that around 12:30 in
the afternoon on September 17, 2011, she had a conversation with appellant through the chat line
during which she gave him her cell phone number. She then exchanged text messages with
appellant about meeting. They also discussed appellant’s request for a “private dance” with
appellant telling the complainant that “his wallet was open.” They agreed to meet around seven
or eight o’clock in the evening at her apartment.
After appellant arrived, he asked for a tour of her apartment as they had discussed in the
text messages. The complainant explained appellant wanted to make sure “he wasn’t being set
up.” When they eventually settled in her living room, appellant asked the complainant if she was
going to dance. The complainant turned on some music and began dancing. As she was
dancing, appellant instructed her to get on the floor and dance with her back to him, which she
did. The complainant testified that she was bending down and when she stood up, she felt
appellant’s arm around her neck and “something” against her ear. She said appellant told her to
“shut up” and that he would “blow [her] brains out” if she said something. The complainant
complied but was crying.
Appellant asked the complainant for another tour of her apartment during which he kept
his arm around her neck and the gun to her ear. After the tour, appellant made the complainant
sit down on one of her couches and asked her a “bunch of questions” about whether she worked
for a pimp. She said he had the gun pointed at her while asking the questions. Appellant also
asked the complainant about the location of her money. The complainant first insisted that she
–2– did not have any money. But she recalled telling appellant that she had seen someone else earlier
in the day and “had already made some money” so she gave him her wallet. She told him that
was all the money she had and to take it and go. She said appellant was mad at her for lying.
Appellant then grabbed the complainant’s cell phone and looked through her messages
and pictures. He found a picture of her in a black dress and told her to put it on. Appellant
accompanied her to the bedroom where she changed into the dress and took her back to the
living room where she sat on the couch. The complainant testified she saw the gun the whole
time. Appellant pointed the gun at the complainant and ordered her to “play with herself.” As
she complied, he walked over to her, pulled down her bra strap, and touched her breast.
The complainant testified that appellant made her get up and go into the bedroom. He
pushed her face down on the bed. She recounted that she told him “no” but that appellant made
her believe that if she resisted, he had a team waiting outside to join him. She testified that she
was scared. Appellant got a condom from his pocket, bent her over, and “went inside” of the
complainant’s vagina with the condom on. He then stopped, took the condom off, removed his
clothes, laid down on the bed, and forced the complainant to perform oral sex. The complainant
testified that while she gave appellant oral sex, the gun was to her head.
The complainant said appellant made her get on top of him, and they had sex. She said
she “did what he told [her] to do.” During sex, appellant put the gun to her side. Appellant then
positioned himself on top of the complainant, laid back down, and forced her to perform oral sex
a second time. Appellant held her head down while he ejaculated in her mouth and demanded
that she “swallow it,” which she did.
Appellant put his clothes back on, took the complainant back to the living room, and
began going through her wallet. He pulled out her money, ID, and various cards, including her
child support and food stamps cards. He called the numbers on the cards to find out how much
–3– money was available in the accounts and demanded the PIN numbers for each card. He
threatened to come back and kill the complainant if she gave him the wrong PIN numbers.
Appellant also went from room to room looking for valuables. When they got to the kitchen,
appellant said he was “going shopping” and had the complainant package up her food like
groceries. He found a bottle of vodka and instructed the complainant to take a shot “to wash the
nut down,” referring to when he ejaculated in her mouth.
The complainant testified appellant then took her back to the bedroom. He told her to
“put [her] arms together,” and he bound her wrists with duct tape he pulled from his pocket. He
did the same thing to her ankles. She had to help appellant tape her up because appellant had the
gun in one hand. After appellant taped her wrists and ankles, he told the complainant he wanted
more oral sex and threatened to shoot her if she did not do it. He removed the tape from her
wrists so she “could get a better angle” and again ejaculated in her mouth. Although he told her
to swallow it, the complainant spit it in a towel that was on her bed. After she spit in the towel,
appellant taped her wrists again.
Appellant left the complainant in the bedroom, and she heard him rummaging through
her apartment. The complainant testified that before appellant left her apartment, he came back
into the bedroom and told her he did not care if she told anyone about what had happened
because she was “nothing” and “just a ho.” He also told her the police would not do anything to
help her, which is why he let her see his face. Appellant said even though he does not look like
the type of person that would “do this,” he was a “monster” and warned the complainant not to
mess with him. He got in the complainant’s face and slapped her.
After she was certain appellant had left, the complainant loosened the duct tape with her
mouth and cut the tape off her ankles when she got her hands free. She ran to her next-door
neighbor’s apartment, and the police were called. The complainant recounted that she was
–4– “pretty upset” when she reached her neighbor’s apartment. Her neighbor similarly testified that
the complainant was crying and hysterical, and while they waited for the police, he tried to calm
her down. The neighbor also saw some residue on her wrists and ankles and said he could tell
she had been tied up.
When the police arrived, the complainant took them to her apartment to show where the
sexual assaults took place. And she was later transferred to the hospital for a sexual assault
examination. A week later, the complainant was asked to view a photo lineup during which she
identified appellant as the man who sexually assaulted her at gunpoint. The detective who
administered the lineup testified that when the complainant saw the photo, she paused and started
crying. She said she recognized his eyes and that she was “more than 100% sure” about the
identification. She also identified appellant in court.
The complainant testified appellant had been at her apartment for four hours. She said
that during that time, she never screamed or pounded the walls because appellant had told her
that he would kill her if she was not quiet. She admitted on cross examination that appellant was
not the only person she communicated with that day. She had phone conversations and
exchanged text messages with different individuals throughout the day.
Courtney Ferreira, a forensic biologist, testified to the results of the DNA analyses she
performed for this case. She specifically analyzed DNA collected during the sexual assault
examination and from items in the complainant’s apartment, including the towel and duct tape.
Ferreira testified that although she detected male DNA on the vaginal swab, oral rinse swab from
the complainant’s mouth, and swab of her neck, appellant was excluded as being a possible
contributor of that DNA. The DNA profile obtained from the towel matched appellant’s DNA
profile. Appellant’s genetic markers also were observed on some of the duct tape samples.
–5– The jury also heard testimony from the crime scene analyst who took photographs of and
collected evidence from the complainant’s apartment. She testified she dusted the apartment for
fingerprints but there were “no hits.” The physician, who performed the sexual assault
examination, testified she saw no injuries on the complainant’s body. The physician explained
the information she put in her report was based on what the complainant told her. She
acknowledged that if the information provided was inaccurate, it could skew some of the results
from the evidence collected. For example, the physician documented that the complainant told
her the last time she had sexual intercourse was two days before. But the complainant testified
she had told appellant that she had been with someone else earlier that day. The complainant did
not describe what, if anything, occurred with the other person.
Appellant denied sexually assaulting the complainant. He also testified he never
“pull[ed] a gun” on the complainant or verbally threatened her. Nor did he use duct tape on her
wrists or ankles. He recounted a different story from that of the complainant and said the sexual
contact with the complainant was consensual. Appellant testified that when he arrived at the
complainant’s apartment, they “discussed what all was going to take place” and that he preferred
for her to dance for him. He said that while she was dancing, he tipped her. And after she had
danced for fifteen or twenty minutes, she “seductively crawled” over to him and “proceeded to
give [him] oral sex,” which he accepted. He said after he ejaculated in her mouth, they decided
to go to her bedroom “to partake in sex.” According to appellant, it was the complainant’s idea
for him not to wear a condom during sex and while they were having sex, they agreed that before
he ejaculated a second time, they would reposition so he could ejaculate in her mouth, which she
spit out into a nearby towel. Appellant testified that he then took a shower, and they watched a
“comedy movie” for about an hour. They later went back into the bedroom where they fell
asleep. He left while she was sleeping and drove off in his girlfriend’s car.
–6– Appellant admitted that he was not cooperative when he was later interviewed by the
police. He specifically denied any knowledge of the chat line and being at the complainant’s
apartment. He told the detective he had not left his house or been with any girl that day. He also
had no idea why someone would pick him out of a lineup.
The jury found appellant guilty of aggravated sexual assault as charged in the indictment.
After a punishment hearing during which appellant pleaded true to the State’s enhancement
allegation, the jury assessed punishment at sixty years in prison and a $7,500 fine. The jury also
found the enhancement allegation to be true.
Sufficiency of the Evidence
Appellant contends in his first point of error that the evidence is insufficient to support
his conviction for aggravated sexual assault. Specifically, he argues the evidence shows that he
and the complainant “agreed to meet for a price and engage in sexual favors” and that their
“sexual episodes were consensual.” He also argues there was no evidence of a gun other than the
complainant’s testimony because no gun was found or introduced into evidence at trial. He
claims the complainant was not reliable or trustworthy, and her testimony was in conflict with
the DNA testing, which excluded him as being a contributor of DNA to the vaginal, oral, and
neck swabs taken from the complainant.
Legal Standards & Applicable Law
In reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, we examine all the evidence
in the light most favorable to the verdict and determine whether a rational trier of fact could have
found the essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443
U.S. 307, 319 (1979); Merritt v. State, 368 S.W.3d 516, 525 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). This
standard recognizes the responsibility of the fact finder “to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to
weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts.”
–7– Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319. We defer to the fact finder’s credibility and weight determinations
because the trier of fact is the sole judge of the witnesses’ credibility and the weight to be given
their testimony. See id. at 326.
The jury found appellant guilty of aggravated sexual assault with a deadly weapon, a
firearm. To prove beyond a reasonable doubt appellant committed the offense as charged in this
case, the State had to establish appellant intentionally or knowingly caused the penetration of the
complainant’s sexual organ and mouth with his sexual organ without the complainant’s consent
and used or exhibited a deadly weapon in the course of the act. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §
22.021(a)(1)(A)(i)–(ii), (a)(2)(A)(iv). A sexual assault is without consent if, among other things,
“the actor compels the other person to submit or participate by threatening to use force or
violence against the other person, and the other person believes that the actor has the present
ability to execute the threat.” Id. § 22.011(b)(2) (West 2011).
The State could meet its burden through the uncorroborated testimony of the victim if she
informed any person, other than the defendant, of the alleged offense within one year of the
attack. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 38.07(a) (West Supp. 2013); Garcia v. State, 563
S.W.2d 925, 928 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1978) (victim’s testimony of penetration was
sufficient to support conviction); Sims v. State, 84 S.W.3d 768, 774 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2002,
pet. ref’d); Quincy v. State, 304 S.W.3d 489, 497 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2009, no pet.). In
addition, testimony by a complainant that the defendant possessed a gun and threatened to use it
if she failed to comply with his demands was sufficient to show a deadly weapon was used or
exhibited in the course of the criminal episode. Yates v. State, 370 S.W.3d 772, 774 (Tex.
App.—Texarkana 2012, pet. ref’d) (citing Gaudette v. State, 713 S.W.2d 206, 209 (Tex. App.—
Tyler 1986, pet. ref’d)).
–8– Analysis
The complainant testified in detail as to what happened to her during those four hours in
her apartment. This testimony alone was sufficient to support appellant’s conviction in this case.
See Sims, 84 S.W.3d at 774. The complainant specifically testified that appellant penetrated her
vagina and mouth with his penis several times without her consent while holding a gun to her
head and side. She also testified she saw the gun the whole time, appellant threatened to “blow
[her] brains out” if she was not quiet, and because she was scared, she did what appellant asked.
See Yates, 370 S.W.3d at 774. She further said appellant took her money, food, and other
valuables, insulted her, slapped her in the face, and bound her wrists and ankles with duct tape.
She sought help from her neighbor as soon as appellant left her apartment, and her neighbor
called the police.
Appellant’s arguments that the DNA test results support his testimony (not the
complainant’s testimony) and show that the complainant had “an encounter with someone else
who was the culprit” are unavailing. The complainant admitted she sold her body for money and
that she had been with someone else earlier in the day, so the presence of another man’s DNA
does not negate the complainant’s testimony that appellant was the person that sexually assaulted
her at gunpoint. In addition, the State “has no burden to produce physical or other corroborating
evidence”—the complainant’s testimony alone was sufficient— and “the jury determines the
credibility of the witnesses and may ‘believe all, some, or none of the testimony.’” Lovings v.
State, 376 S.W.3d 328, 336 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2012, no pet.) (quoting Chambers
v. State, 805 S.W.2d 459, 461 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991)); see also Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319
(stating it is trier of fact’s role to reconcile conflicts in testimony and weigh evidence). By its
verdict, the jury chose to believe the complainant, and we are prohibited from substituting our
–9– own perceptions of the evidence for those of the jury. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 326 (reviewing
court must defer to trier of fact’s determinations regarding conflicts in evidence).
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, a rational jury could have
found the essential elements of the offense as charged, in particular, that the sexual encounter
with appellant was without the complainant’s consent and that appellant used or exhibited a gun
in the course of the sexual encounter. We therefore conclude the evidence is legally sufficient to
support appellant’s conviction for aggravated sexual assault. We overrule appellant’s first point
of error.
Lesser Included Offense Instruction
In his second point of error, appellant challenges the trial court’s denial of his request for
a jury instruction on the lesser included offense of sexual assault. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN.
§ 22.011(a). A defendant is entitled to an instruction on a lesser included offense when (1) the
lesser included offense is included within the proof necessary to establish the charged offense
and (2) there is some evidence in the record that if the defendant is guilty, he is guilty only of the
lesser included offense. See Young v. State, 283 S.W.3d 854, 875 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009) (per
curiam), cert. denied, 558 U.S. 1093 (2009); Hall v. State, 225 S.W.3d 524, 535–36 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2007). Because the State agrees sexual assault is a lesser included offense of aggravated
sexual assault, our focus is whether some evidence in the record would permit the jury to find
that if appellant is guilty, he is guilty only of sexual assault. See Hall, 225 S.W.3d at 536;
Bignall v. State, 887 S.W.2d 21, 23 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994).
Sexual assault is elevated to aggravated sexual assault if one of the aggravating elements
is also proved. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.021(a)(2)(A); Jackson v. State, 968 S.W.2d
495, 500 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1998, pet. ref’d). The aggravating element at issue in this case
is whether appellant used or exhibited a deadly weapon, a gun, in the course of the criminal
–10– episode. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.021(a)(2)(A)(iv). Thus, for appellant to be entitled to a
charge on the lesser included offense of sexual assault, there must be some evidence that if he
was guilty of any offense, it was only sexual assault without the aggravating factor. Jackson,
968 S.W.2d at 500–01. To make this determination, we must consider all evidence introduced at
trial. See Young, 283 S.W.3d at 875. “Anything more than a scintilla of evidence is sufficient to
entitle a defendant to a lesser charge.” Bignall, 887 S.W.2d at 23. In addition, if there is
evidence from any source raising the issue that the defendant committed a lesser included
offense and the defendant requested the issue, the trial court must submit the issue to the jury.
See Rousseau v. State, 855 S.W.2d 666, 672 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993). The evidence must
establish the lesser included offense as a valid and rational alternative to the charged offense.
Hall, 225 S.W.3d at 536.
Appellant argues he was entitled to an instruction on the lesser included offense of sexual
assault because of his testimony that “he did not exhibit or use a gun” during his encounter with
the complainant. He maintains that other than the complainant’s testimony, there is “no real
evidence that a weapon was used or exhibited” and claims that a rational trier of fact, if afforded
the opportunity, could have found that if he was guilty, he was guilty only of the lesser offense of
sexual assault. We disagree.
Although appellant testified he did not “pull a gun” on the complainant, he also testified
that the sexual contact that occurred between him and the complainant was consensual. Thus, if
the jury believed his testimony, appellant would be guilty of no offense, not the lesser included
offense of sexual assault. In contrast, the complainant testified that appellant sexually assaulted
her while using or exhibiting a gun. “If the evidence proves that the defendant is either guilty of
aggravated sexual assault or completely innocent, then the trial court should not give a charge on
a lesser included offense.” Jackson, 968 S.W.2d at 501 (citing Bravo v. State, 627 S.W.2d 152,
–11– 157 (Tex. Crim. App. 1982)). Based on our review of the evidence presented at trial and by
appellant’s own testimony, appellant was either guilty of aggravated sexual assault or guilty of
no offense at all. We therefore conclude the trial court properly refused to charge the jury on the
lesser included offense of sexual assault. We overrule appellant’s second point of error.
Modification of the Judgment
Although neither appellant nor the State raises this issue, we observe that the trial court’s
written judgment omits appellant’s plea of true and the jury’s finding of true to the State’s
enhancement allegation. The record shows the State sought to enhance appellant’s punishment
range with a prior conviction for aggravated assault. At the start of the punishment hearing, the
State read the enhancement paragraph to which appellant pleaded true, and the court’s charge to
the jury on punishment also states that appellant pleaded true to the enhancement paragraph. The
jury found the allegation set out in the enhancement paragraph to be true. The judgment
incorrectly states “N/A” under the spaces provided for “Plea to 1st Enhancement Paragraph” and
“Findings on 1st Enhancement Paragraph.”
This Court has the authority to correct a trial court’s judgment and affirm it as modified.
TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(b); Asberry v. State, 813 S.W.2d 526, 529 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1991, pet.
ref’d). Such authority is not dependent upon the request of any party, nor does it turn on the
question of whether a party has objected in the trial court. Asberry, 813 S.W.2d at 529–30. We
therefore modify the judgment in this case to reflect that appellant entered a plea of true to the
enhancement paragraph and that the enhancement paragraph was found to be true.
–12– We affirm the trial court’s judgment as modified.
/Ada Brown/ ADA BROWN JUSTICE
Do Not Publish TEX. R. APP. P. 47
121443F.U05
–13– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
MELVIN JERMAIN JOHNSON, Appellant On Appeal from the Criminal District Court No. 6, Dallas County, Texas No. 05-12-01443-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. F-11-60284-X. Opinion delivered by Justice Brown. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Justices O’Neill and Myers participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is MODIFIED as follows:
The “Plea to 1st Enhancement Paragraph” is modified to read: “TRUE.”
The “Findings on 1st Enhancement Paragraph” is modified to read: “TRUE.”
As modified, the trial court’s judgment is AFFIRMED.
Judgment entered this 19th day of March, 2014.
–14–