Fead, J.
The suit is for an accounting. Defendant had decree for $9,753.48.
In 1919, with one car, plaintiff engaged in the taxicab business in Grand Rapids under the name of ‘ ‘ Harry’s Taxi. ’ ’ Near the Union Depot, defendant conducted a small restaurant, which became a sort of headquarters for taxi drivers.
The acquaintance between these parties began about 1921 and developed into a fine friendship, characterized by personal affection and implicit trust. Melconian boarded at the restaurant. Fraam acted as his banker, keeping his taxicab collections in his safe and paying bills for him. Also, he became surety on Melconian’s $10,000 public liability bond, indorsed his notes for purchase price of cars, and the like. In the succeeding years Fraam provided an apartment in one of his houses, which he declared was Melconian’s home for life, without rent, and made provision for him in his will. Melconian relied on Fraam’s advice and executed without question any instrument Fraam directed.
In 1924, one Shay purchased an interest in Harry’s Taxi, but he withdrew in July, 1925. In the course of the next year defendant paid Shay $1,415 to cover wages and repurchase price and claimed he thereby bought Shay’s interest. Plaintiff claims Shay merely withdrew and defendant paid him out of Melconian’s money.
About that time plaintiff had some personal injury claims pending against him on account of accidents
with his cabs. Fraam claims that in December, 1925, he purchased Melconian’s remaining interest in the business for $1,500. He said he bought the business because he was liable on the personal injury claims and had advanced and was obligated for considerable sums, but that the business was continued in the name of Melconian, principally to enable Fraam to continue as surety on the public liability bond.
Until it was sold in 1929, the business was conducted in Melconian’s name. October 28, 1925, Melconian executed to Fraam a note and chattel mortgage for $6,000, in the consideration for which were included $1,415 for the Shay repurchase and various advances. On March 19, 1926, Melconian executed to Fraam another note and chattel mortgage for $10,000, which included advances to buy cars and sums paid to settle the damage suits. Plaintiff was listed as proprietor of the business in the city directory, telephone books, etc. All public licenses, permits and certificates of title to cars ran to him and most or all contracts of sale were taken in his name. On April 26, 1929, an assumed-name certificate, drafted by Fraam’s attorney, was filed declaring that the business was owned and operated by Melconian.
Fraam was in full charge of the financial affairs of the business. Melconian managed the operation of'the cabs. The issue of ownership did not arise between them. Neither seems to have claimed nor exercised superior control and their conduct of the business resembled that of a partnership, each in full charge of a department. However, neither claims there -was a partnership.
In the summer of 1929, Fraam conducted negotiations for sale of the business to the Grand Rapids Railway Company for $30,000, of which about
$15,000 represented good will. Included in the sale, at an additional $5,000, was the Bird Taxi Company, which Fraam purchased September 3, 1929, for $4,950. Fraam had the bill of sale of Bird Taxi Company run to plaintiff and plaintiff executed to Fraam an option to purchase. On the same day Melconian executed to Fraam a bill of sale of Harry’s Taxi for the nominal consideration of $1.
' The sale to the railway company was consummated October 15, 1929. On that date Melconian executed to Fraam a bill of sale of the Bird Taxi Company for the expressed consideration of $2,000, which defendant afterwards paid plaintiff and which Fraam says was a gratuity. The instrument contained the following:
“I do hereby acknowledge settlement in full for all claims of whatsoever nature I have or might have against George Fraam, arising out of our business dealings prior to the date hereof and up to and including this 15th day of October, 1929.”
After the sale of Harry’s Taxi, plaintiff purchased a half interest in the Oakwood Livery Company. September 25, 1930, he purchased the other half. In connection with the transaction a statement was prepared showing Melconian’s total investment as $5,750.66. Plaintiff claimed the statement was prepared for its effect in inducing the owner of the outstanding half interest to reduce his price. It appears certain that some of the items were padded and others were false. Fraam claims the statement showed the amount Fraam had advanced to Melconian in that business. To further prove the amount, Fraam produced a note for $6,000, executed by Melconian, but it developed at the hearing that it was the $6,000 note given in 1925, with the year changed, evidently by Fraam.
After selling Harry’s Taxi,’Praam purchased a Rent-A-Car business in plaintiff’s name, and so conducted it until December 2, 1930, when he sold it to plaintiff for $6,000,. payable $2,000 per year, evidenced by a note. No payments having been made on the note, negotiations for adjustment were had in the spring of 1932, in which each party was represented by counsel of his own choice. Mr. Bowman represented plaintiff. The business was turned back to defendant, the $6,000 note was returned to plaintiff and, on April 27, 1932,- as a result of the negotiations, he executed to defendant a $3,000 note, upon which he afterwards paid $200. During the negotiations Mr. Bowman raised the question that plaintiff was entitled to an accounting from Harry’s Taxi business. The instruments of 1929 were shown Mm, he discussed the matter with Melconian, Melconian made no claim of right to an accounting, and the matter was not discussed further in the negotiations for settlement of the Rent-A-Car business.
Praam commenced suit at law on the $6,000 note in July, 1932. This bill was filed August 15, 1932. The court gave defendant a decree in the amount of $3,000 and $6,000 notes.
The case presents difficulties. The ownership of Harry’s Taxi from 1925 to 1929 is not free from doubt. Ostensibly, Melconian was the owner but Praam was in complete control of the finances. Their mode of operation pointed out neither as having nor claiming superior rights. The uncertainty sends us to subsequent events for light on the issue.
Special force attaches to the settlement of the Rent-A-Car business in April, 1932. The parties then were dealing at arm’s length. Each was represented by counsel. Shortly before, the break in their friendship had occurred. In March, Praam had written a letter to Melconian stating, in substance, that
Ms love for liim had turned to hate and that their subsequent relations would be on a business basis— each to pay for what he got from the other. Fraam demanded a settlement of the Rent-A-Car transaction and told Melconian to get a lawyer.
"When Melconian executed the bill of sale and receipt in 1929, he was fully conscious of their effect. It is claimed he said at the time that Fraam owned the business, he, Melconian, had no interest in it and he appreciated the gratuity of $2,000. However that may be (see
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Fead, J.
The suit is for an accounting. Defendant had decree for $9,753.48.
In 1919, with one car, plaintiff engaged in the taxicab business in Grand Rapids under the name of ‘ ‘ Harry’s Taxi. ’ ’ Near the Union Depot, defendant conducted a small restaurant, which became a sort of headquarters for taxi drivers.
The acquaintance between these parties began about 1921 and developed into a fine friendship, characterized by personal affection and implicit trust. Melconian boarded at the restaurant. Fraam acted as his banker, keeping his taxicab collections in his safe and paying bills for him. Also, he became surety on Melconian’s $10,000 public liability bond, indorsed his notes for purchase price of cars, and the like. In the succeeding years Fraam provided an apartment in one of his houses, which he declared was Melconian’s home for life, without rent, and made provision for him in his will. Melconian relied on Fraam’s advice and executed without question any instrument Fraam directed.
In 1924, one Shay purchased an interest in Harry’s Taxi, but he withdrew in July, 1925. In the course of the next year defendant paid Shay $1,415 to cover wages and repurchase price and claimed he thereby bought Shay’s interest. Plaintiff claims Shay merely withdrew and defendant paid him out of Melconian’s money.
About that time plaintiff had some personal injury claims pending against him on account of accidents
with his cabs. Fraam claims that in December, 1925, he purchased Melconian’s remaining interest in the business for $1,500. He said he bought the business because he was liable on the personal injury claims and had advanced and was obligated for considerable sums, but that the business was continued in the name of Melconian, principally to enable Fraam to continue as surety on the public liability bond.
Until it was sold in 1929, the business was conducted in Melconian’s name. October 28, 1925, Melconian executed to Fraam a note and chattel mortgage for $6,000, in the consideration for which were included $1,415 for the Shay repurchase and various advances. On March 19, 1926, Melconian executed to Fraam another note and chattel mortgage for $10,000, which included advances to buy cars and sums paid to settle the damage suits. Plaintiff was listed as proprietor of the business in the city directory, telephone books, etc. All public licenses, permits and certificates of title to cars ran to him and most or all contracts of sale were taken in his name. On April 26, 1929, an assumed-name certificate, drafted by Fraam’s attorney, was filed declaring that the business was owned and operated by Melconian.
Fraam was in full charge of the financial affairs of the business. Melconian managed the operation of'the cabs. The issue of ownership did not arise between them. Neither seems to have claimed nor exercised superior control and their conduct of the business resembled that of a partnership, each in full charge of a department. However, neither claims there -was a partnership.
In the summer of 1929, Fraam conducted negotiations for sale of the business to the Grand Rapids Railway Company for $30,000, of which about
$15,000 represented good will. Included in the sale, at an additional $5,000, was the Bird Taxi Company, which Fraam purchased September 3, 1929, for $4,950. Fraam had the bill of sale of Bird Taxi Company run to plaintiff and plaintiff executed to Fraam an option to purchase. On the same day Melconian executed to Fraam a bill of sale of Harry’s Taxi for the nominal consideration of $1.
' The sale to the railway company was consummated October 15, 1929. On that date Melconian executed to Fraam a bill of sale of the Bird Taxi Company for the expressed consideration of $2,000, which defendant afterwards paid plaintiff and which Fraam says was a gratuity. The instrument contained the following:
“I do hereby acknowledge settlement in full for all claims of whatsoever nature I have or might have against George Fraam, arising out of our business dealings prior to the date hereof and up to and including this 15th day of October, 1929.”
After the sale of Harry’s Taxi, plaintiff purchased a half interest in the Oakwood Livery Company. September 25, 1930, he purchased the other half. In connection with the transaction a statement was prepared showing Melconian’s total investment as $5,750.66. Plaintiff claimed the statement was prepared for its effect in inducing the owner of the outstanding half interest to reduce his price. It appears certain that some of the items were padded and others were false. Fraam claims the statement showed the amount Fraam had advanced to Melconian in that business. To further prove the amount, Fraam produced a note for $6,000, executed by Melconian, but it developed at the hearing that it was the $6,000 note given in 1925, with the year changed, evidently by Fraam.
After selling Harry’s Taxi,’Praam purchased a Rent-A-Car business in plaintiff’s name, and so conducted it until December 2, 1930, when he sold it to plaintiff for $6,000,. payable $2,000 per year, evidenced by a note. No payments having been made on the note, negotiations for adjustment were had in the spring of 1932, in which each party was represented by counsel of his own choice. Mr. Bowman represented plaintiff. The business was turned back to defendant, the $6,000 note was returned to plaintiff and, on April 27, 1932,- as a result of the negotiations, he executed to defendant a $3,000 note, upon which he afterwards paid $200. During the negotiations Mr. Bowman raised the question that plaintiff was entitled to an accounting from Harry’s Taxi business. The instruments of 1929 were shown Mm, he discussed the matter with Melconian, Melconian made no claim of right to an accounting, and the matter was not discussed further in the negotiations for settlement of the Rent-A-Car business.
Praam commenced suit at law on the $6,000 note in July, 1932. This bill was filed August 15, 1932. The court gave defendant a decree in the amount of $3,000 and $6,000 notes.
The case presents difficulties. The ownership of Harry’s Taxi from 1925 to 1929 is not free from doubt. Ostensibly, Melconian was the owner but Praam was in complete control of the finances. Their mode of operation pointed out neither as having nor claiming superior rights. The uncertainty sends us to subsequent events for light on the issue.
Special force attaches to the settlement of the Rent-A-Car business in April, 1932. The parties then were dealing at arm’s length. Each was represented by counsel. Shortly before, the break in their friendship had occurred. In March, Praam had written a letter to Melconian stating, in substance, that
Ms love for liim had turned to hate and that their subsequent relations would be on a business basis— each to pay for what he got from the other. Fraam demanded a settlement of the Rent-A-Car transaction and told Melconian to get a lawyer.
"When Melconian executed the bill of sale and receipt in 1929, he was fully conscious of their effect. It is claimed he said at the time that Fraam owned the business, he, Melconian, had no interest in it and he appreciated the gratuity of $2,000. However that may be (see
In re Lewandowski’s Estate,
236 Mich. 136), he made no claim that Fraam owed him anytMng until the suit on the $6,000 note was commenced in July, 1932. Melconian said he never would have claimed an accounting had Fraam not brought that action. His failure to make a claim during the negotiations in April, 1932, when their friendship had ceased and even though suggested by his counsel, and his executing a note of indebtedness to Fraam and subsequently paying two installments thereon without asserting right, to an accounting, constitute strong evidence that Melconian knew that he had no just claim, and that his signature to the receipt represented his free and voluntary act.
It may also be said that the record affords no basis upon which an accounting for a definite amount could be ordered even by means of fair estimate. Melconian kept no books. Fraam’s records were incomplete and he neglected to produce many which he claimed to have. No estimates by competent persons were offered for the period. " '.
We think Melconian has failed to sustain the burden of proof either as to right of accounting for Harry’s Taxi or the amount.
Nor can we find'Fraam’s claim of $6,000 established. In his other definite dealings with Melconian
lie had some sort of documentary proof of the transactions. The advances, if made, were prior to September, 1930. It is hardly credible that he would engage in the sale of the Rent-A-Car business in December of that year, taking Melconian’s note for $6,000, and a year and a half later demand and negotiate a settlement with a $3,000 note from Melconian and not inject into either the matter of written acknowledgment of the $6,000 he claimed. The fact that, instead of making his claim at the natural time and occasion, he presents documentary evidence consisting of an untrue statement and a note altered by himself cast such doubt upon the claim that we think he has not sustained it by a preponderance of the evidence.
The decree will be modified by changing the award to defendant to the balance due on the $3,000 note, with interest, and otherwise affirmed. Plaintiff will have costs of this court.
McDonald, C. J., and Weadock, Potter, Sharpe, North, Wiest, and Butzel, JJ., concurred.