Morse, C. J.
While plaintiffs may have been guilty of laches in not bringing this case to trial as required by the statute,,1 such laches, if any, was waived by the defendant.
Judgment was rendered against the principal defendant March 18, 1890. The next term of court was in May. If not brought on at that term by plaintiffs, the defendant might have moved to dismiss the case, but, instead of doing so, it appears from the record that when the motion was made on the 2d day of October, 1890, to. dismiss the case for want of diligence in its prosecution, the counsel for plaintiffs stated in open court that, if the attorney for the garnishee defendant had the right to make this motion, he had forfeited it by consenting-that “the case stand from day to day, and not be taken up for trial before the 1st day of October.-” The truth, of this statement was not denied, and the court did not err in overruling the motion.
This case does not fall within the decision of this Court in Daggett v. McClintock, 56 Mich. 51.
The facts shown upon the trial are these: The firm of Hitchcock & Mernan were indebted to Weller, and he was also liable as indorser upon -their notes. The whole indebtedness, including the notes, according to Weller's testimony was not more than 87,000. To secure this indebtedness, Weller took conveyances of all the property belonging to Hitchcock & Mernan, which conveyances were absolute in form. Mernan and wife deeded to him a shingle-mill and pine timber, and a bill of sale of [632] personal property, consideration stated at $10,000, was also executed by Mernan to Weller. These conveyances were made on the 23d day of October, 1888. Weller gave Mernan back a paper agreeing to . reconvey this property to him if the debt to Weller was paid within one year. There were two mortgages on the shingle-mill and real estate, amounting to about $1,800. Weller took immediate possession of the property, and employed Mernan to manage it, and was in such possession when the garnishee proceedings were commenced. After such proceedings were begun, Weller sold all this property to the North Muskegon Shingle Company on the 14th of December, 1888.
Mr. Weller, while on the witness stand, was asked many questions in an endeavor on the part of plaintiff’s counsel to get at the value of the property that came into his hands, but he persistently evaded any reply, except that he did not know and could not tell. When asked if he did not consider all the property worth at least $10,000, his answer was: “Well, I might have considered it worth that;- still I have no evidence that it was.” Nor did he testify what he received for the property. As a witness he did not ajDpear as one frankly seeking to explain an honest transaction, but as one desirous of telling as little about it as he possibly could.
But evidence was given of the value of this property, and competent evidence, in my opinion. Horatio N. Hovey, an experienced mill man and lumberman of Muskegon, testified that he was acquainted with the shingle-mill, and familiar with the value of that kind of property. He was also acquainted with the “value of logs up river, and the value of stumpage; also with the value of logs in the river.” He testified that, in his opinion, the value of this property turned over to Weller by Mernan was between $18,000 and $20,000, and that he [633] offered $12,500 for it in December, 1888, or January, 1889, which offer was not accepted. This offer did not include the boarding-house, but simply the mill and personal property. He also made the same offer to Weller, before he sold it, but Weller wanted $20,000 for it. The personal property, according to Hovey's testimony, consisted principally of logs and lumber. Hovey examined the mill himself. He considered the mill property alone worth $8,000, the logs that were cut about $8,000 or $9,000, and the balance of the timber at between $3,000 and $4,000. There were a million and a half feet of logs cut and skidded in the woods. Hovey did not see the logs himself, but he sent two men to look them over, and they reported to him. One of these men was his partner, McCracken, and the other an employé, Tompkins, both practical and expert woodsmen. It seems to have been admitted by the questions of defendant's counsel that there were 1,600,000 feet of these logs cut and skidded in the woods, but that their value was only $3,600. I think it was competent for Hovey to testify what he thought these logs were worth, although he had never seen them, upon the report made to him by these parties. It was upon these reports that he made this offer, and it is upon such reports and estimates that timber and logs change hands daily in the lumber business. But, if this portion of his testimony is rejected, enough remains to show that the mill and machinery were worth within $800 of Weller's debt and the mortgages upon the property, and that this timber.and logs ••could have been sold by Weller with the mill for $12,500, but that he wanted $20,000 for the property. There was no-attempt made on the part of the defense to show what this property was really worth, or what Weller sold it for. On the contrary, the effort was persistent to keep its value out of the testimony. This transaction is [634] to me a transparent fraud, and it is not strange that' the jury so found it.
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Morse, C. J.
While plaintiffs may have been guilty of laches in not bringing this case to trial as required by the statute,,1 such laches, if any, was waived by the defendant.
Judgment was rendered against the principal defendant March 18, 1890. The next term of court was in May. If not brought on at that term by plaintiffs, the defendant might have moved to dismiss the case, but, instead of doing so, it appears from the record that when the motion was made on the 2d day of October, 1890, to. dismiss the case for want of diligence in its prosecution, the counsel for plaintiffs stated in open court that, if the attorney for the garnishee defendant had the right to make this motion, he had forfeited it by consenting-that “the case stand from day to day, and not be taken up for trial before the 1st day of October.-” The truth, of this statement was not denied, and the court did not err in overruling the motion.
This case does not fall within the decision of this Court in Daggett v. McClintock, 56 Mich. 51.
The facts shown upon the trial are these: The firm of Hitchcock & Mernan were indebted to Weller, and he was also liable as indorser upon -their notes. The whole indebtedness, including the notes, according to Weller's testimony was not more than 87,000. To secure this indebtedness, Weller took conveyances of all the property belonging to Hitchcock & Mernan, which conveyances were absolute in form. Mernan and wife deeded to him a shingle-mill and pine timber, and a bill of sale of [632] personal property, consideration stated at $10,000, was also executed by Mernan to Weller. These conveyances were made on the 23d day of October, 1888. Weller gave Mernan back a paper agreeing to . reconvey this property to him if the debt to Weller was paid within one year. There were two mortgages on the shingle-mill and real estate, amounting to about $1,800. Weller took immediate possession of the property, and employed Mernan to manage it, and was in such possession when the garnishee proceedings were commenced. After such proceedings were begun, Weller sold all this property to the North Muskegon Shingle Company on the 14th of December, 1888.
Mr. Weller, while on the witness stand, was asked many questions in an endeavor on the part of plaintiff’s counsel to get at the value of the property that came into his hands, but he persistently evaded any reply, except that he did not know and could not tell. When asked if he did not consider all the property worth at least $10,000, his answer was: “Well, I might have considered it worth that;- still I have no evidence that it was.” Nor did he testify what he received for the property. As a witness he did not ajDpear as one frankly seeking to explain an honest transaction, but as one desirous of telling as little about it as he possibly could.
But evidence was given of the value of this property, and competent evidence, in my opinion. Horatio N. Hovey, an experienced mill man and lumberman of Muskegon, testified that he was acquainted with the shingle-mill, and familiar with the value of that kind of property. He was also acquainted with the “value of logs up river, and the value of stumpage; also with the value of logs in the river.” He testified that, in his opinion, the value of this property turned over to Weller by Mernan was between $18,000 and $20,000, and that he [633] offered $12,500 for it in December, 1888, or January, 1889, which offer was not accepted. This offer did not include the boarding-house, but simply the mill and personal property. He also made the same offer to Weller, before he sold it, but Weller wanted $20,000 for it. The personal property, according to Hovey's testimony, consisted principally of logs and lumber. Hovey examined the mill himself. He considered the mill property alone worth $8,000, the logs that were cut about $8,000 or $9,000, and the balance of the timber at between $3,000 and $4,000. There were a million and a half feet of logs cut and skidded in the woods. Hovey did not see the logs himself, but he sent two men to look them over, and they reported to him. One of these men was his partner, McCracken, and the other an employé, Tompkins, both practical and expert woodsmen. It seems to have been admitted by the questions of defendant's counsel that there were 1,600,000 feet of these logs cut and skidded in the woods, but that their value was only $3,600. I think it was competent for Hovey to testify what he thought these logs were worth, although he had never seen them, upon the report made to him by these parties. It was upon these reports that he made this offer, and it is upon such reports and estimates that timber and logs change hands daily in the lumber business. But, if this portion of his testimony is rejected, enough remains to show that the mill and machinery were worth within $800 of Weller's debt and the mortgages upon the property, and that this timber.and logs ••could have been sold by Weller with the mill for $12,500, but that he wanted $20,000 for the property. There was no-attempt made on the part of the defense to show what this property was really worth, or what Weller sold it for. On the contrary, the effort was persistent to keep its value out of the testimony. This transaction is [634] to me a transparent fraud, and it is not strange that' the jury so found it.
The court instructed the jury that the deeds and bill of sale taken -in connection with the paper given back to Mernan must be considered as a mortgage, and that, in order for the plaintiffs to recover, they must satisfy them by a fair preponderance of the evidence that the mortgage was void as against creditors, because of fraud connected therewith. The court fairly instructed the jury further as to what fraud would be necessary in order that the plaintiffs might recover. A mortgagee may not be chargeable with fraud because he takes a mortgage upon property largely in excess of his debt, when his debt is stated, and thus made open to all the world; but when a man takes an absolute deed or bill of sale of all his debtor’s property, with a secret defeasance, back, and, acting under such deed or bill of sale as absolute owner, takes possession of the property, and sells it as his own, and as if he were the absolute owner, and the property is worth twice his debt, or largely in excess of it, and he refuses to state its value, or what he sold it for, if such a course is not a fraud upon the other creditors, then I am at a loss to know what fraud is. It makes but little difference how it is done. If it is clear that the creditors have been willfully defrauded by the vendee in any instrument, deed or mortgage or bill of sale, there should be a remedy. And it makes no difference that the person taking such instrument, with intent to defraud creditors, is himself a creditor, if by means of such instrument' and action under it the fraud is accomplished. At the best, Mr. Weller was only entitled to his debt and chai’ges in collecting the same under his conveyances out of the property of Hitchcock & Mernan, or Mernan; and if, by such conveyances, he had knowingly defrauded the other creditors, and took the conveyances with such intent, he should be held [635] responsible to them for the value of the property, over and above his debt and charges. In this suit it was open" to Mr. Weller, when the circumstances were shown indicative of fraud, to show up the whole transaction, and establish his honesty of intention and purpose, or that he received no more for the property than belonged to him. This he failed to do, and placed all obstacles which he could employ in the way of the plaintiffs in their efforts to ascertain what the transaction really was, and what was the value of the property received by him. When the writ of garnishment was served upon Weller he had not sold any of this property, but it is to be considered that he then held it for the purpose and use that he afterwards made of it. There was no foreclosure of any mortgage in such sale. He sold the property in the manner that the evidence of his ownership, placed in his hands by- Mernan, authorized him to sell, to wit, by deeds and bill of sale. As Mernan was managing the property for Weller, it is to be presumed that he consented to such sale. At the time this suit was commenced it is evident that Weller had property and effects in his hands and under his control that belonged to Mernan. I can see no reason why the writ of garnishment would not lie.
I find no error in the proceedings, and the judgment will be affirmed, with costs.
McGrath, Long, and Montgomery, JJ., concurred with Morse, C. J.