REVERSE and REMAND and Opinion Filed July 7, 2022
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-20-01020-CV
MEHULKUMAR PATEL, CHIRAG PATEL, AND JAYSON PATEL, Appellants V. GONZALEZ HOTELS, LLC AND MAHESH PATEL, Appellees
On Appeal from the 193rd Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. DC-16-10453
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Partida-Kipness, Reichek, and Goldstein Opinion by Justice Partida-Kipness This suit arises from a dispute over a rule 11 agreement concerning the
expenses of running a Texas hotel. Appellee Mahesh Patel won a summary judgment
to enforce the agreement. Appellants argue that this the summary judgment was
erroneous because Mahesh never pleaded a contract claim that would support this
sort of summary relief. Because we agree, we reverse the trial court’s judgment and
remand for further proceedings. BACKGROUND
Gonzalez Hotels, LLC owns and operates a Days Inn in Gonzalez Texas.
When Gonzalez Hotels was formed, Mahesh Patel and appellant Mehulkumar Patel
were each member-owners of the company. In 2012, the parties entered an
agreement that changed the ownership of the company so that each of the three
appellants here owned 16.667% of the company. Mahesh retained a 50% stake.
In the years that followed, Gonzalez Hotels struggled financially, and there
was evidence that Mahesh made over $300,000 in capital contributions to keep the
company afloat. According to Mahesh’s affidavit, appellants made no contributions
to the company and instead withdrew money from its accounts, unbeknownst to
Mahesh.
In 2016, Mahesh1 sued appellants for breach of fiduciary duty, conversion and
fraudulent transfers, Theft Liability Act violations, and breach of the company’s
governing documents. For this last claim, Mahesh sought to hold appellants liable
for their withdrawals from company accounts and for their failure to make
contributions to the company in proportion to their ownership percentages, as
Mahesh alleges was required by the company’s governing documents.
1 Gonzalez Hotels also purportedly joined the suit against appellants. Questions later arose, though, about Mahesh’s legal right to cause Gonzalez Hotels to sue appellants, given that Mahesh was only a 50% owner of the company. Regardless, Gonzalez Hotels was awarded nothing in the trial court’s final summary judgment. Because Gonzalez Hotels’s role as a party is disputed and ultimately immaterial to the outcome of this appeal, we treat Mahesh as the only plaintiff and appellee for purposes of this opinion. –2– In 2018, following mediation, the parties entered a rule 11 agreement. One
term in the agreement provided that appellants consented to the entry of an agreed
judgment making them liable for half of Mahesh’s past and future contributions to
the company. Another term specified the amount of appellants’ liability for
Mahesh’s past contributions. Days after the rule 11 agreement was filed with the
court, Mahesh filed a motion to enforce the agreement.
By 2020, appellants had changed counsel and withdrawn their consent to the
rule 11 agreement. However, Mahesh did not amend his pleadings to set out a claim
for breach of the agreement. He instead filed a motion for summary judgment and
enforcement of the agreement. The stated goal of the motion was to obtain an agreed
judgment to enforce the terms of the agreement.
Appellants filed a response to the motion in which they raised several
arguments, one of which was their theory that Mahesh could not prevail on summary
judgment without pleading a claim for breach of the rule 11 agreement. Appellants
reasoned that since they had withdrawn their consent to an agreed judgment, Mahesh
could no longer obtain an agreed judgment, and his only recourse was to plead a
claim for breach of contract predicated on the rule 11 agreement. Appellants noted
that Mahesh had never amended his petition to include such a claim, and appellants
argued that Mahesh’s motion to enforce the rule 11 agreement could not act as a
substitute for pleading such a claim.
–3– After considering the evidence, the trial court rendered a final summary
judgment in Mahesh’s favor. The summary judgment awarded Mahesh roughly
$200,000 against each appellant, along with attorney’s fees and interest.
ANALYSIS
On appeal, appellants urge many arguments, but the one that resolves this case
is their argument concerning Mahesh’s failure to plead a contract claim premised on
the rule 11 agreement.
Written settlement agreements may be enforced as contracts even if one party
withdraws consent before judgment is entered on the agreement. Ford Motor Co. v.
Castillo, 279 S.W.3d 656, 663 (Tex. 2009) (citing Padilla v. LaFrance, 907 S.W.2d
454, 461 (Tex. 1995)). When consent is withdrawn, however, the agreed judgment
that was part of the settlement may not be entered. Id. The party seeking enforcement
of the settlement agreement must pursue a separate claim for breach of contract, id.
which is subject to the normal rules of pleading and proof. Mantas v. Fifth Court of
Appeals, 925 S.W.2d 656, 658 (Tex. 1996).
Mahesh argues that his motion to enforce the rule 11 agreement should act as
a substitute for the separate contract claim that he would otherwise be required to
plead. According to Mahesh, this motion served the same function as a formally
pleaded contract claim. Controlling precedent compels us to disagree.
“Motions are not the functional equivalents of pleadings . . . .” Rupert v.
McCurdy, 141 S.W.3d 334, 339 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, no pet.). A pleading
–4– determines and gives notice of the issues for trial. Id. In contrast, a motion is an
application for an order. Id. Motions may be accepted or rejected by the court,
whereas pleadings, if they sufficiently predate the trial, may be submitted and
amended freely by the parties without the necessity of court approval. Id. Thus,
“insufficient similarities exist between a motion and a pleading to allow them to
carry the same legal significance.” Id.
We have applied this principle to situations much like the one at hand, wherein
the parties entered a rule 11 settlement agreement, but one side later withdrew
consent to the agreement, and the other side filed a motion to enforce the agreement.
See Cadle Co. v. Castle, 913 S.W.2d 627, 630 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1995, writ
denied). In Cadle, when the plaintiff’s failure to plead a separate contract claim came
into question on appeal, we rejected the idea that the motion to enforce the rule 11
agreement could serve in the stead of a pleaded contract claim. Id. at 632. We
emphasized the litigant’s “right to be confronted with appropriate pleadings,” and
we held that the motion to enforce was simply “an insufficient ‘pleading’” to
vindicate that right. Id.
The same sequence—settlement, withdrawal of consent to the settlement, and
filing a motion to enforce the settlement—played out with similar results in Crump
v. Crump, No. 05-04-01515-CV, 2005 WL 2841146, at *1 (Tex. App.—Dallas Oct.
31, 2005, no pet.) (mem. op.).
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REVERSE and REMAND and Opinion Filed July 7, 2022
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-20-01020-CV
MEHULKUMAR PATEL, CHIRAG PATEL, AND JAYSON PATEL, Appellants V. GONZALEZ HOTELS, LLC AND MAHESH PATEL, Appellees
On Appeal from the 193rd Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. DC-16-10453
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Partida-Kipness, Reichek, and Goldstein Opinion by Justice Partida-Kipness This suit arises from a dispute over a rule 11 agreement concerning the
expenses of running a Texas hotel. Appellee Mahesh Patel won a summary judgment
to enforce the agreement. Appellants argue that this the summary judgment was
erroneous because Mahesh never pleaded a contract claim that would support this
sort of summary relief. Because we agree, we reverse the trial court’s judgment and
remand for further proceedings. BACKGROUND
Gonzalez Hotels, LLC owns and operates a Days Inn in Gonzalez Texas.
When Gonzalez Hotels was formed, Mahesh Patel and appellant Mehulkumar Patel
were each member-owners of the company. In 2012, the parties entered an
agreement that changed the ownership of the company so that each of the three
appellants here owned 16.667% of the company. Mahesh retained a 50% stake.
In the years that followed, Gonzalez Hotels struggled financially, and there
was evidence that Mahesh made over $300,000 in capital contributions to keep the
company afloat. According to Mahesh’s affidavit, appellants made no contributions
to the company and instead withdrew money from its accounts, unbeknownst to
Mahesh.
In 2016, Mahesh1 sued appellants for breach of fiduciary duty, conversion and
fraudulent transfers, Theft Liability Act violations, and breach of the company’s
governing documents. For this last claim, Mahesh sought to hold appellants liable
for their withdrawals from company accounts and for their failure to make
contributions to the company in proportion to their ownership percentages, as
Mahesh alleges was required by the company’s governing documents.
1 Gonzalez Hotels also purportedly joined the suit against appellants. Questions later arose, though, about Mahesh’s legal right to cause Gonzalez Hotels to sue appellants, given that Mahesh was only a 50% owner of the company. Regardless, Gonzalez Hotels was awarded nothing in the trial court’s final summary judgment. Because Gonzalez Hotels’s role as a party is disputed and ultimately immaterial to the outcome of this appeal, we treat Mahesh as the only plaintiff and appellee for purposes of this opinion. –2– In 2018, following mediation, the parties entered a rule 11 agreement. One
term in the agreement provided that appellants consented to the entry of an agreed
judgment making them liable for half of Mahesh’s past and future contributions to
the company. Another term specified the amount of appellants’ liability for
Mahesh’s past contributions. Days after the rule 11 agreement was filed with the
court, Mahesh filed a motion to enforce the agreement.
By 2020, appellants had changed counsel and withdrawn their consent to the
rule 11 agreement. However, Mahesh did not amend his pleadings to set out a claim
for breach of the agreement. He instead filed a motion for summary judgment and
enforcement of the agreement. The stated goal of the motion was to obtain an agreed
judgment to enforce the terms of the agreement.
Appellants filed a response to the motion in which they raised several
arguments, one of which was their theory that Mahesh could not prevail on summary
judgment without pleading a claim for breach of the rule 11 agreement. Appellants
reasoned that since they had withdrawn their consent to an agreed judgment, Mahesh
could no longer obtain an agreed judgment, and his only recourse was to plead a
claim for breach of contract predicated on the rule 11 agreement. Appellants noted
that Mahesh had never amended his petition to include such a claim, and appellants
argued that Mahesh’s motion to enforce the rule 11 agreement could not act as a
substitute for pleading such a claim.
–3– After considering the evidence, the trial court rendered a final summary
judgment in Mahesh’s favor. The summary judgment awarded Mahesh roughly
$200,000 against each appellant, along with attorney’s fees and interest.
ANALYSIS
On appeal, appellants urge many arguments, but the one that resolves this case
is their argument concerning Mahesh’s failure to plead a contract claim premised on
the rule 11 agreement.
Written settlement agreements may be enforced as contracts even if one party
withdraws consent before judgment is entered on the agreement. Ford Motor Co. v.
Castillo, 279 S.W.3d 656, 663 (Tex. 2009) (citing Padilla v. LaFrance, 907 S.W.2d
454, 461 (Tex. 1995)). When consent is withdrawn, however, the agreed judgment
that was part of the settlement may not be entered. Id. The party seeking enforcement
of the settlement agreement must pursue a separate claim for breach of contract, id.
which is subject to the normal rules of pleading and proof. Mantas v. Fifth Court of
Appeals, 925 S.W.2d 656, 658 (Tex. 1996).
Mahesh argues that his motion to enforce the rule 11 agreement should act as
a substitute for the separate contract claim that he would otherwise be required to
plead. According to Mahesh, this motion served the same function as a formally
pleaded contract claim. Controlling precedent compels us to disagree.
“Motions are not the functional equivalents of pleadings . . . .” Rupert v.
McCurdy, 141 S.W.3d 334, 339 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, no pet.). A pleading
–4– determines and gives notice of the issues for trial. Id. In contrast, a motion is an
application for an order. Id. Motions may be accepted or rejected by the court,
whereas pleadings, if they sufficiently predate the trial, may be submitted and
amended freely by the parties without the necessity of court approval. Id. Thus,
“insufficient similarities exist between a motion and a pleading to allow them to
carry the same legal significance.” Id.
We have applied this principle to situations much like the one at hand, wherein
the parties entered a rule 11 settlement agreement, but one side later withdrew
consent to the agreement, and the other side filed a motion to enforce the agreement.
See Cadle Co. v. Castle, 913 S.W.2d 627, 630 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1995, writ
denied). In Cadle, when the plaintiff’s failure to plead a separate contract claim came
into question on appeal, we rejected the idea that the motion to enforce the rule 11
agreement could serve in the stead of a pleaded contract claim. Id. at 632. We
emphasized the litigant’s “right to be confronted with appropriate pleadings,” and
we held that the motion to enforce was simply “an insufficient ‘pleading’” to
vindicate that right. Id.
The same sequence—settlement, withdrawal of consent to the settlement, and
filing a motion to enforce the settlement—played out with similar results in Crump
v. Crump, No. 05-04-01515-CV, 2005 WL 2841146, at *1 (Tex. App.—Dallas Oct.
31, 2005, no pet.) (mem. op.). We noted that the proponent of the agreement had
failed to plead a contract claim, and “[a]s in Cadle, the only document to support
–5– enforcement of the mediation agreement is the ‘Application for Approval of
Agreement to Settle Estates.’” Id. We again held that this filing was inadequate to
satisfy the litigant’s “right to be confronted by appropriate pleadings.” Id.; see
Gunter v. Empire Pipeline Corp., 310 S.W.3d 19, 22 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, pet.
denied) (“Empire had no pleadings to support rendition of judgment on the
settlement agreement. It included a prayer for enforcement of the agreement in its
response to Gunter’s motion to vacate, but that is not a sufficient pleading for these
purposes.”).
Mahesh, though, cites a case from this court that cuts against Cadle, Crump,
and Gunter. See Browning v. Holloway, 620 S.W.2d 611, 615 (Tex. Civ. App.—
Dallas 1981, writ ref’d n.r.e.). In Browning, we ruled that the defendants effectively
pleaded a contract defense related to a rule 11 agreement by discussing it in their
motion to enforce the agreement.
Browning is distinguishable for two reasons. First, it concerns the defendants’
pleading of a defense, not a plaintiff’s pleading of an affirmative contract claim for
relief as in this case. Second, the plaintiffs in Browning had already pleaded a
contract claim for breach of the settlement agreement, which according to our
opinion showed that the plaintiffs “anticipated” the defendants’ contract defense,
and that in turn lessened the notice concerns that normally accompany pleading
defects. Id. By contrast, here, appellants objected to Mahesh’s failure to plead a
–6– contract claim, which brought notice concerns into sharp relief. Thus, Browning is
distinguishable, dated, and outnumbered. Cadle, Crump, and Gunter control.
CONCLUSION
Because there was no pleaded contract claim to support the trial court’s award,
see TEX. R. CIV. P. 301, and because Mahesh’s motion was an inadequate substitute
for such a pleading, the trial court erred in granting summary judgment. We reverse
the trial court’s judgment and remand for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion.
/Robbie Partida-Kipness/ ROBBIE PARTIDA-KIPNESS JUSTICE
201020F.P05
–7– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
MEHULKUMAR PATEL, CHIRAG On Appeal from the 193rd Judicial PATEL, AND JAYSON PATEL, District Court, Dallas County, Texas Appellants Trial Court Cause No. DC-16-10453. Opinion delivered by Justice Partida- No. 05-20-01020-CV V. Kipness. Justices Reichek and Goldstein participating. GONZALEZ HOTELS, LLC AND MAHESH PATEL, Appellees
In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is REVERSED and this cause is REMANDED to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
It is ORDERED that appellants MEHULKUMAR PATEL, CHIRAG PATEL, AND JAYSON PATEL recover their costs of this appeal from appellees GONZALEZ HOTELS, LLC AND MAHESH PATEL.
Judgment entered this 7th day of July 2022.
–8–