NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION File Name: 19a0040n.06
No. 18-3511
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
MD ANWAR HOSSAIN, ) FILED ) Jan 24, 2019 Petitioner, ) DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk ) v. ) ON PETITION FOR REVIEW ) FROM THE UNITED STATES MATTHEW G. WHITAKER, Acting Attorney ) BOARD OF IMMIGRATION General, ) APPEALS ) Respondent. ) )
Before: CLAY, COOK, and LARSEN, Circuit Judges.
LARSEN, Circuit Judge. After the Department of Homeland Security began removal
proceedings against him, MD Anwar Hossain sought asylum, withholding of removal, and
protection under the Convention Against Torture. An immigration judge (IJ) found Hossain not
credible, denied relief, and ordered Hossain removed from the country. The Board of Immigration
Appeals (BIA) affirmed. Because substantial evidence supports the IJ’s adverse credibility
determination, we DENY Hossain’s petition for review.
I.
At a hearing before the IJ, Hossain testified that he was born in Burma (now Myanmar) but
was relocated to Bangladesh when he was around one year old. He further testified that he was
adopted as an infant but that his adoptive parents became abusive toward him once they had
children of their own. According to Hossain, his adoptive parents, with the assistance of a broker, No. 18-3511, Hossain v. Whitaker
obtained a Bangladeshi passport for him, and he then entered the United States on a non-immigrant
visa in October 2013, at the age of 22, under the guise of attending a robotics competition with his
university. Hossain remained in the United States.
A few weeks later, the Department of Homeland Security issued Hossain a Notice to
Appear, alleging that he had obtained his visa through fraud or willful misrepresentation of a
material fact and was therefore removable pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(1)(A). Before the
Immigration Court, Hossain conceded removability but sought asylum, withholding of removal,
and protection under the Convention Against Torture. He testified that he feared returning to
Bangladesh because he believed his adoptive parents would harm him or report him to the police
in an effort to have him sent back to Myanmar. Hossain also testified that he feared being
mistreated if he were to return to Myanmar due to his Muslim faith.
The IJ denied Hossain’s application for relief and ordered him removed to Bangladesh.
The IJ determined that Hossain lacked credibility, citing “the significant discrepancies within
[Hossain’s] testimony and between his testimony and asylum application,” and the implausibility
of some of Hossain’s testimony. The IJ concluded that Hossain had not met his burden of
establishing relief from removability. In the alternative, the IJ determined that, even if Hossain’s
testimony had been credible, the facts alleged still would not entitle him to asylum, withholding
of removal, or protection under the Convention Against Torture because Hossain failed to meet
his burden to demonstrate past persecution or a well-founded fear of future persecution.
Hossain appealed to the BIA, but the BIA dismissed Hossain’s appeal, concluding that the
IJ had not erred by refusing to credit Hossain’s testimony.
-2- No. 18-3511, Hossain v. Whitaker
II.
This appeal centers around the IJ’s adverse credibility determination. Hossain bore the
burden to prove his entitlement to each form of relief he sought. El-Moussa v. Holder, 569 F.3d
250, 257 (6th Cir. 2009). An adverse credibility finding is usually fatal to an applicant’s ability to
meet this burden. See id. at 256–57; Korir v. Sessions, 700 F. App’x 514, 519 (6th Cir. 2017)
(“[I]f the IJ finds that an applicant is incredible, and there is no independent persuasive evidence,
this ‘necessarily disposes’ of his application [for relief from removal].” (quoting Slyusar v. Holder,
740 F.3d 1068, 1074 (6th Cir. 2014))). “We review the IJ’s credibility determination under the
deferential ‘substantial evidence’ standard.” El-Moussa, 569 F.3d at 255 (citation omitted). We
must treat the credibility determination as “conclusive unless any reasonable adjudicator would be
compelled to conclude to the contrary.” Id. at 256 (quoting 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(A), (B)).
Hossain objects to the adverse credibility determination generally but identifies no specific
errors the IJ made in deeming his testimony inconsistent or implausible. Rather, Hossain merely
contends that “[i]n finding Mr. Hossain not to be credible, the Immigration Judge cite[d] minor
inconsistencies that d[id] not go to the heart of Mr. Hossain’s claim” and that “these inconsistencies
reveal nothing about Mr. Hossain’s fear for his safety and are, rather, confusion about specific
dates.”
But contrary to Hossain’s assertion, the IJ did not need to ground his adverse credibility
determination solely in inconsistencies that went to the “heart” of Hossain’s claim. “Under the
REAL ID Act, credibility determinations are based on the ‘totality of the circumstances’ and take
into account ‘all relevant factors.’” Id. at 256 (quoting 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii)). The relevant
factors include:
[T]he demeanor, candor, or responsiveness of the applicant or witness, the inherent plausibility of the applicant’s or witness’s account, the consistency between the
-3- No. 18-3511, Hossain v. Whitaker
applicant’s or witness’s written and oral statements (whenever made and whether or not under oath, and considering the circumstances under which the statements were made), the internal consistency of each such statement, the consistency of such statements with other evidence of record (including the reports of the Department of State on country conditions), and any inaccuracies or falsehoods in such statements . . . .
8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii) (asylum); see also id. at § 1229a(c)(4)(C) (listing the same factors
for credibility determinations made in removal proceedings). The IJ may consider inaccuracies or
falsehoods, “without regard to whether an inconsistency, inaccuracy, or falsehood goes to the
heart of the applicant’s claim, or any other relevant factor.” 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii)
(emphasis added); id. at § 1229a(c)(4)(C) (same).
A review of the IJ’s adverse credibility determination, moreover, shows that the IJ dutifully
weighed the relevant factors, identified a host of inconsistencies—some of which went to the heart
of Hossain’s claim—and found key portions of Hossain’s testimony implausible. Take, for
example, the inconsistencies between Hossain’s oral testimony and his written asylum application.
Hossain wrote on his asylum application that he left Myanmar at the age of four or five, but he
testified that he left Myanmar when he was one. More critically, Hossain made no mention of
physical abuse by his adoptive parents when asked to disclose on his asylum application whether
he had experienced harm, mistreatment, or threats in the past by family or friends, yet he later
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NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION File Name: 19a0040n.06
No. 18-3511
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
MD ANWAR HOSSAIN, ) FILED ) Jan 24, 2019 Petitioner, ) DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk ) v. ) ON PETITION FOR REVIEW ) FROM THE UNITED STATES MATTHEW G. WHITAKER, Acting Attorney ) BOARD OF IMMIGRATION General, ) APPEALS ) Respondent. ) )
Before: CLAY, COOK, and LARSEN, Circuit Judges.
LARSEN, Circuit Judge. After the Department of Homeland Security began removal
proceedings against him, MD Anwar Hossain sought asylum, withholding of removal, and
protection under the Convention Against Torture. An immigration judge (IJ) found Hossain not
credible, denied relief, and ordered Hossain removed from the country. The Board of Immigration
Appeals (BIA) affirmed. Because substantial evidence supports the IJ’s adverse credibility
determination, we DENY Hossain’s petition for review.
I.
At a hearing before the IJ, Hossain testified that he was born in Burma (now Myanmar) but
was relocated to Bangladesh when he was around one year old. He further testified that he was
adopted as an infant but that his adoptive parents became abusive toward him once they had
children of their own. According to Hossain, his adoptive parents, with the assistance of a broker, No. 18-3511, Hossain v. Whitaker
obtained a Bangladeshi passport for him, and he then entered the United States on a non-immigrant
visa in October 2013, at the age of 22, under the guise of attending a robotics competition with his
university. Hossain remained in the United States.
A few weeks later, the Department of Homeland Security issued Hossain a Notice to
Appear, alleging that he had obtained his visa through fraud or willful misrepresentation of a
material fact and was therefore removable pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(1)(A). Before the
Immigration Court, Hossain conceded removability but sought asylum, withholding of removal,
and protection under the Convention Against Torture. He testified that he feared returning to
Bangladesh because he believed his adoptive parents would harm him or report him to the police
in an effort to have him sent back to Myanmar. Hossain also testified that he feared being
mistreated if he were to return to Myanmar due to his Muslim faith.
The IJ denied Hossain’s application for relief and ordered him removed to Bangladesh.
The IJ determined that Hossain lacked credibility, citing “the significant discrepancies within
[Hossain’s] testimony and between his testimony and asylum application,” and the implausibility
of some of Hossain’s testimony. The IJ concluded that Hossain had not met his burden of
establishing relief from removability. In the alternative, the IJ determined that, even if Hossain’s
testimony had been credible, the facts alleged still would not entitle him to asylum, withholding
of removal, or protection under the Convention Against Torture because Hossain failed to meet
his burden to demonstrate past persecution or a well-founded fear of future persecution.
Hossain appealed to the BIA, but the BIA dismissed Hossain’s appeal, concluding that the
IJ had not erred by refusing to credit Hossain’s testimony.
-2- No. 18-3511, Hossain v. Whitaker
II.
This appeal centers around the IJ’s adverse credibility determination. Hossain bore the
burden to prove his entitlement to each form of relief he sought. El-Moussa v. Holder, 569 F.3d
250, 257 (6th Cir. 2009). An adverse credibility finding is usually fatal to an applicant’s ability to
meet this burden. See id. at 256–57; Korir v. Sessions, 700 F. App’x 514, 519 (6th Cir. 2017)
(“[I]f the IJ finds that an applicant is incredible, and there is no independent persuasive evidence,
this ‘necessarily disposes’ of his application [for relief from removal].” (quoting Slyusar v. Holder,
740 F.3d 1068, 1074 (6th Cir. 2014))). “We review the IJ’s credibility determination under the
deferential ‘substantial evidence’ standard.” El-Moussa, 569 F.3d at 255 (citation omitted). We
must treat the credibility determination as “conclusive unless any reasonable adjudicator would be
compelled to conclude to the contrary.” Id. at 256 (quoting 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(A), (B)).
Hossain objects to the adverse credibility determination generally but identifies no specific
errors the IJ made in deeming his testimony inconsistent or implausible. Rather, Hossain merely
contends that “[i]n finding Mr. Hossain not to be credible, the Immigration Judge cite[d] minor
inconsistencies that d[id] not go to the heart of Mr. Hossain’s claim” and that “these inconsistencies
reveal nothing about Mr. Hossain’s fear for his safety and are, rather, confusion about specific
dates.”
But contrary to Hossain’s assertion, the IJ did not need to ground his adverse credibility
determination solely in inconsistencies that went to the “heart” of Hossain’s claim. “Under the
REAL ID Act, credibility determinations are based on the ‘totality of the circumstances’ and take
into account ‘all relevant factors.’” Id. at 256 (quoting 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii)). The relevant
factors include:
[T]he demeanor, candor, or responsiveness of the applicant or witness, the inherent plausibility of the applicant’s or witness’s account, the consistency between the
-3- No. 18-3511, Hossain v. Whitaker
applicant’s or witness’s written and oral statements (whenever made and whether or not under oath, and considering the circumstances under which the statements were made), the internal consistency of each such statement, the consistency of such statements with other evidence of record (including the reports of the Department of State on country conditions), and any inaccuracies or falsehoods in such statements . . . .
8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii) (asylum); see also id. at § 1229a(c)(4)(C) (listing the same factors
for credibility determinations made in removal proceedings). The IJ may consider inaccuracies or
falsehoods, “without regard to whether an inconsistency, inaccuracy, or falsehood goes to the
heart of the applicant’s claim, or any other relevant factor.” 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii)
(emphasis added); id. at § 1229a(c)(4)(C) (same).
A review of the IJ’s adverse credibility determination, moreover, shows that the IJ dutifully
weighed the relevant factors, identified a host of inconsistencies—some of which went to the heart
of Hossain’s claim—and found key portions of Hossain’s testimony implausible. Take, for
example, the inconsistencies between Hossain’s oral testimony and his written asylum application.
Hossain wrote on his asylum application that he left Myanmar at the age of four or five, but he
testified that he left Myanmar when he was one. More critically, Hossain made no mention of
physical abuse by his adoptive parents when asked to disclose on his asylum application whether
he had experienced harm, mistreatment, or threats in the past by family or friends, yet he later
testified that his adoptive parents abused and tortured him for years. This abuse was one of the
main reasons Hossain purportedly feared returning to Bangladesh and thus went to the heart of his
request for relief from removability.
Hossain also contradicted himself at the hearing. He testified that he “did not study in
higher school or high school” and therefore could not understand the visa and passport documents
he signed. But under further questioning, he admitted that he had graduated from high school.
-4- No. 18-3511, Hossain v. Whitaker
The IJ also identified contradictions and inconsistencies in Hossain’s testimony regarding his
biological and adoptive families, including the existence of his siblings and their ages.
The IJ also found “key parts of [Hossain’s] testimony not plausible.” Specifically, the IJ
stated:
[Hossain] testified that he was afraid of returning to Bangladesh because his adopted parents and the broker they hired told him many times that if he returns, they will report him to the police or kill him. Yet, [Hossain] also testified that they hired a broker for between thirty to forty lakh to get him a Bangladeshi passport and a United States visa, which is approximately $4,000. [Hossain] also testified that his adopted parents paid money for him to come to the United States because they did not want him to live with them anymore and this was the only way they could get rid of [him]. This testimony does not align with [Hossain’s] expressed fear of returning to Bangladesh and having his parents report him to the police, who would then remove him back to Burma. Assuming [Hossain’s] assertion that his adopted parents wanted to get rid of him, it would have been much easier for them to report him to the police while he was living there, instead of hiring a broker and arranging his travel to the United States.
Hossain does not argue that the IJ erred in finding this portion of his testimony, which went to the
heart of his purported fear of persecution on his return to Bangladesh, implausible.
Thus, while some inconsistencies in Hossain’s testimony may have been minor, others
were central to his application for asylum and his claim that he had suffered, or would suffer,
persecution in Bangladesh. See Yu v. Ashcroft, 364 F.3d 700, 703 (6th Cir. 2004) (stating that for
an alien to establish eligibility for asylum, he “must demonstrate . . . that he has suffered past
persecution or has a well-founded fear of future persecution”). We cannot, therefore, say that “any
reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to conclude” that Hossain was credible. Id. (quoting
8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B)). As a result, substantial evidence supported the IJ’s adverse credibility
determination.
The IJ and BIA found the adverse credibility determination fatal to Hossain’s ability to
demonstrate eligibility for relief from removal. Hossain, however, contends that the IJ and BIA
-5- No. 18-3511, Hossain v. Whitaker
failed to consider “voluminous documents” he submitted “detailing the deplorable situation for
those who are Muslim in Bangladesh and the Rohingya of Myanmar.” Hossain says these
documents establish a well-founded fear of persecution upon removal, apparently regardless of
whether his testimony was credible. But the IJ’s opinion makes clear that he considered the
relevant documentary evidence. The IJ detailed the documentary evidence in the opinion and
referenced the evidence throughout the analysis. Hossain does not explain what evidence the IJ
overlooked. Nor does he explain how the documentary evidence, standing alone, satisfies his
burden of establishing eligibility for relief. The IJ and the BIA, therefore, did not err by concluding
that Hossain failed to establish eligibility for asylum, withholding of removal, or protection under
the Convention Against Torture. El-Moussa, 569 F.3d at 256–57; Yu, 364 F.3d at 703 n.3 (“Since
[the petitioner] does not establish eligibility for asylum, he does not meet the more stringent
standards required for withholding or the [Convention Against Torture].”).
Finally, Hossain argues that the IJ erred by ordering him removed to Bangladesh instead
of Myanmar. But Hossain admitted he lived almost his entire life in Bangladesh before coming to
the United States. And Hossain’s Bangladeshi passport, which identified him as a Bangladeshi
national, was found valid. The IJ’s decision to remove Hossain to Bangladesh was not erroneous.
See 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(2)(D) (stating that where, as here, the alien does not formally designate a
country for removal, “the Attorney General shall remove the alien to a country of which the alien
is a subject, national, or citizen”).
***
We DENY the petition for review.
-6-