MR. JUSTICE SHEA
delivered the opinion of the Court.
Defendant appeals from a judgment of the Lincoln County District Court awarding the plaintiffs $400 per month as reasonable compensation for 20 months work as managers of the Silver Spur Bar and Lounge.
The basic facts are not in dispute. Defendant, The Bewley Corporation, is a Montana corporation whose principle asset is the Silver Spur Bar and Lounge of Troy, Montana. During the period involved in this appeal (1971-1972), the Bewley Corporation was wholly owned by Tex and Bernice Bewléy, husband and wife. Ber
nice Bewley served as president of the corporation and Tex Bewley was listed as its vice president.
The plaintiffs in this action are Donald McNulty and Diana (Bewley) McNulty, husband and wife. Diana McNulty is the daughter of Tex and Bernice Bewley.
The Bewley Corporation entered into a contract to purchase the Silver Spur Bar and Lounge in 1967. Thereafter, the corporation did not take an active part in operating the Silver Spur; instead, its officers, Tex and Bernice Bewley, hired a number of individuals to manage the bar and keep the liquor license active. The various managers were allowed to keep all revenues from the bar over and above certain fixed costs.
In April 1971, Tex and Bernice Bewley discharged the married couple who had been managing the Silver Spur. They then approached their daughter, Diana McNulty, and her husband, Donald McNulty, and asked them to take over the Silver Spur’s management. When the Bewleys first approached the McNultys, Diana McNulty was employed by St. Regis Paper Co., earning a salary of $334 per month; Donald McNulty was employed with a plumbing contractor, earning approximately $7,000 to $8,000 per year.
After some initial reluctance, the McNultys agreed to managé the Silver Spur. Diana McNulty quit her job with St. Regis Paper so she could devote her full time to the operation of the bar. It was agreed that the McNultys would be compensated for their services by retaining all bar revenue in excess of operating and fixed costs. It was also agreed that the McNultys would manage the bar until the Bewleys obtained new managers, or until the place could be sold.
After managing the bar for approximately six months, the McNultys became totally dissatisfied with their duties and compensation; they informed the Bewleys that they wanted to be replaced immediately. The Bewleys, however, were unable to find any replacements, so they offered to give the McNultys 49% ownership in the business if the McNultys would agree to manage the Silver Spur
for an additional two years. The McNultys rejected this offer, but nonetheless, they remained as managers until the end of November 1972, an additional fourteen months. The McNultys testified that they stayed because the Bewleys indicated that things would be made “right” with the McNultys if they remained until replacements could be found.
In November 1972, the Bewleys hired a man named Neil Lamorie as replacement manager. The Bewleys never offered to make things “right” with the McNultys, which prompted the present action.
On January 22, 1976, Donald and Diana McNulty filed a complaint in the District Court, Lincoln County seeking to recover $8,000 for wages due plaintiffs for work and services performed as managers of the Silver Spur Bar and Lounge. On April 1, 1977, defendant filed its answer denying any liability to Diana or Donald McNulty. The matter was tried before the District Court, sitting without a jury, on November 2, 1977.
On December 14, 1977, the District Court entered findings of fact, conclusions of law and judgment in favor of the McNultys. The judgment ordered the corporation to pay $7,052.50 to the McNultys as back wages, attorney fees and costs of suit. The corporation’s motion for a new trial was thereafter denied and this appeal followed.
The parties stipulated to submit the case to this Court without oral argument.
The defendant’s contentions are: (1) that the court erred when it admitted testimony relating to certain represenations made by Tex Bewley; (2) that the court erred when it awarded the plaintiffs “reasonable compensation” for the services they performed at the Silver Spur; and (3) that the court erred when it awarded attorney fees pursuant to section 39-3-214 MCA (formerly section 41-1306, R.C.M.1947).
Defendant, first contends that the court violated the dead man’s statute (formerly section 93-701-3(4), R.C.M.1947) by allowing Diana and Donald McNulty to testify to a conversation they had
with Tex Bewley before his death. Defendant also contends the evidence was hearsay.
We note that Montana has abolished its archaic dead man’s statute by adopting the new Montana Rules of Evidence. Rule 601, Mont.R.Evid. provides: “(a) General rule competency. Every person is competent to be a witness except as otherwise provided in these rules.”
The new Montana Rules of Evidence remove the limitations which formerly attached to testimony about transactions or oral communications with persons who die before trial. Under the new Rules, such testimony is admissible, subject, of course, to cross-examination to establish the weight to be afforded to the testimony. Accordingly, under Rule 601, Mont.R.Evid., the McNultys were competent to testify about the representations made by Tex Bewley.
The testimony concerning Tex Bewley’s representations is not barred as hearsay. Rule 801, Mont.R.Evid. provides:
“. . . A statement
is not
hearsay if: . . . The statement is offered against a party and is ... a statement by his agent or servant concerning a matter within the scope of his agency or employment, made during the existence of that relationship . . . .” (Emphasis added.)
Here, Tex Bewley, as the vice-president of Bewley Corporation, was an agent of that corporation. There is no question that he made the statements while he was acting within the scope of his agency relationship. Therefore, the testimony cannot be classified as hearsay.
Defendant next asserts insufficiency of the evidence to support the court’s conclusion that a contract for reasonable wages was implied by law because of plaintiffs’ performance of such services. Here we must agree in part. The District Court’s conclusion is not
fully
supported by the record and accordingly, the judgment as to the amount of wages must be modified.
In Keith v. Kottas
(1946), 119 Mont. 98, 101, 172 P.2d 306, 308, this Court stated:
“ ‘There cannot be an express and implied contract for the same thing existing at the same time. It is only when parties do not expressly agree that the law interposes and raises a promise.
No agreement can be implied where there is an express one existing’.”
(Emphasis added.)
Under
Keith,
if an express contract has been entered into by the parties, the District Court cannot alter the terms of that express agreement.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
MR. JUSTICE SHEA
delivered the opinion of the Court.
Defendant appeals from a judgment of the Lincoln County District Court awarding the plaintiffs $400 per month as reasonable compensation for 20 months work as managers of the Silver Spur Bar and Lounge.
The basic facts are not in dispute. Defendant, The Bewley Corporation, is a Montana corporation whose principle asset is the Silver Spur Bar and Lounge of Troy, Montana. During the period involved in this appeal (1971-1972), the Bewley Corporation was wholly owned by Tex and Bernice Bewléy, husband and wife. Ber
nice Bewley served as president of the corporation and Tex Bewley was listed as its vice president.
The plaintiffs in this action are Donald McNulty and Diana (Bewley) McNulty, husband and wife. Diana McNulty is the daughter of Tex and Bernice Bewley.
The Bewley Corporation entered into a contract to purchase the Silver Spur Bar and Lounge in 1967. Thereafter, the corporation did not take an active part in operating the Silver Spur; instead, its officers, Tex and Bernice Bewley, hired a number of individuals to manage the bar and keep the liquor license active. The various managers were allowed to keep all revenues from the bar over and above certain fixed costs.
In April 1971, Tex and Bernice Bewley discharged the married couple who had been managing the Silver Spur. They then approached their daughter, Diana McNulty, and her husband, Donald McNulty, and asked them to take over the Silver Spur’s management. When the Bewleys first approached the McNultys, Diana McNulty was employed by St. Regis Paper Co., earning a salary of $334 per month; Donald McNulty was employed with a plumbing contractor, earning approximately $7,000 to $8,000 per year.
After some initial reluctance, the McNultys agreed to managé the Silver Spur. Diana McNulty quit her job with St. Regis Paper so she could devote her full time to the operation of the bar. It was agreed that the McNultys would be compensated for their services by retaining all bar revenue in excess of operating and fixed costs. It was also agreed that the McNultys would manage the bar until the Bewleys obtained new managers, or until the place could be sold.
After managing the bar for approximately six months, the McNultys became totally dissatisfied with their duties and compensation; they informed the Bewleys that they wanted to be replaced immediately. The Bewleys, however, were unable to find any replacements, so they offered to give the McNultys 49% ownership in the business if the McNultys would agree to manage the Silver Spur
for an additional two years. The McNultys rejected this offer, but nonetheless, they remained as managers until the end of November 1972, an additional fourteen months. The McNultys testified that they stayed because the Bewleys indicated that things would be made “right” with the McNultys if they remained until replacements could be found.
In November 1972, the Bewleys hired a man named Neil Lamorie as replacement manager. The Bewleys never offered to make things “right” with the McNultys, which prompted the present action.
On January 22, 1976, Donald and Diana McNulty filed a complaint in the District Court, Lincoln County seeking to recover $8,000 for wages due plaintiffs for work and services performed as managers of the Silver Spur Bar and Lounge. On April 1, 1977, defendant filed its answer denying any liability to Diana or Donald McNulty. The matter was tried before the District Court, sitting without a jury, on November 2, 1977.
On December 14, 1977, the District Court entered findings of fact, conclusions of law and judgment in favor of the McNultys. The judgment ordered the corporation to pay $7,052.50 to the McNultys as back wages, attorney fees and costs of suit. The corporation’s motion for a new trial was thereafter denied and this appeal followed.
The parties stipulated to submit the case to this Court without oral argument.
The defendant’s contentions are: (1) that the court erred when it admitted testimony relating to certain represenations made by Tex Bewley; (2) that the court erred when it awarded the plaintiffs “reasonable compensation” for the services they performed at the Silver Spur; and (3) that the court erred when it awarded attorney fees pursuant to section 39-3-214 MCA (formerly section 41-1306, R.C.M.1947).
Defendant, first contends that the court violated the dead man’s statute (formerly section 93-701-3(4), R.C.M.1947) by allowing Diana and Donald McNulty to testify to a conversation they had
with Tex Bewley before his death. Defendant also contends the evidence was hearsay.
We note that Montana has abolished its archaic dead man’s statute by adopting the new Montana Rules of Evidence. Rule 601, Mont.R.Evid. provides: “(a) General rule competency. Every person is competent to be a witness except as otherwise provided in these rules.”
The new Montana Rules of Evidence remove the limitations which formerly attached to testimony about transactions or oral communications with persons who die before trial. Under the new Rules, such testimony is admissible, subject, of course, to cross-examination to establish the weight to be afforded to the testimony. Accordingly, under Rule 601, Mont.R.Evid., the McNultys were competent to testify about the representations made by Tex Bewley.
The testimony concerning Tex Bewley’s representations is not barred as hearsay. Rule 801, Mont.R.Evid. provides:
“. . . A statement
is not
hearsay if: . . . The statement is offered against a party and is ... a statement by his agent or servant concerning a matter within the scope of his agency or employment, made during the existence of that relationship . . . .” (Emphasis added.)
Here, Tex Bewley, as the vice-president of Bewley Corporation, was an agent of that corporation. There is no question that he made the statements while he was acting within the scope of his agency relationship. Therefore, the testimony cannot be classified as hearsay.
Defendant next asserts insufficiency of the evidence to support the court’s conclusion that a contract for reasonable wages was implied by law because of plaintiffs’ performance of such services. Here we must agree in part. The District Court’s conclusion is not
fully
supported by the record and accordingly, the judgment as to the amount of wages must be modified.
In Keith v. Kottas
(1946), 119 Mont. 98, 101, 172 P.2d 306, 308, this Court stated:
“ ‘There cannot be an express and implied contract for the same thing existing at the same time. It is only when parties do not expressly agree that the law interposes and raises a promise.
No agreement can be implied where there is an express one existing’.”
(Emphasis added.)
Under
Keith,
if an express contract has been entered into by the parties, the District Court cannot alter the terms of that express agreement. In the present case, the uncontroverted testimony shows that there was an express agreement in existence between the Bewleys and McNultys
during the first six months
of the management relationship. Diana McNulty, Donald McNulty and Bernice Bewley all testified that the parties understood that the McNultys would retain whatever money remained from the bar revenues after operating and fixed costs had been paid. This understanding was tantamount to an express agreement fixing the compensation to be paid the McNultys during the first six months of the arrangement. Therefore, the District Court could not impose an implied contract for the first six months of the arrangement. The judgment in favor of the plaintiffs must therefore be reduced by $2,400 (6 X $400 per month).
There is sufficient evidence, however, supporting the McNultys’ right to compensation for their final fourteen months as managers of the Silver Spur.
A change in the parties relationship took place on or about October 1, 1971 (6 months into the arrangement). At that time the McNultys became dissatisfied with the arrangement and asked the Bewleys to find
immediate
replacements. The Bewleys, unable to find a replacement, enticed the plaintiffs to remain as managers for an additional fourteen months. The McNultys stayed because the Bewleys made representations that things would be made “right”. Here the contract was implied as evidenced by the conduct of the parties.
Cartwright v. Joyce
(1970), 155 Mont. 478, 473 P.2d 515.
The representations made by the Bewleys were sufficient to revoke the original express contract and give rise to an implied contract for reasonable compensation. This implied contract was in
existence for the final fourteen months of the McNultys’ term as managers. Accordingly, that portion of the judgment awarding the McNultys $5,600 (14 X $400 per month) must be affirmed.
Defendant’s final claim of error is that the court erred in awarding $700 in attorney fees to the McNultys because they cannot be classified as “employees” as defined by section 39-3-201(3) MCA (formerly section 41-1301(3)(c), R.C.M. 1947). We find the attorney fees were properly awarded.
Section 39-3-214 MCA (formerly section 41-1306, R.C.M. 1947), provides:
“Whenever it shall become necessary for the
employee
to enter or maintain a suit at law for the recovery or collection of wages due, as provided for by this part, then such judgment shall include a reasonable attorney’s fee in favor of the successful party, . . .” (Emphasis added.)
It is clear that the plaintiffs initial status as managers of the Silver Spur was changed to that of employees in early October 1972. From that point on, the McNultys were employees of defendant corporation, i. e., they were persons who worked for another for hire. Clearly, therefore, they were entitled to reasonable attorney fees after they successfully prosecuted their wage claim against defendant.
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the District Court is reduced by $2,400. Otherwise, the judgment is affirmed.
Costs on appeal are awarded to plaintiffs.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE HASWELL and JUSTICES HARRISON and SHEEHY concur.