McKinney v. State

12 S.W.3d 580, 2000 Tex. App. LEXIS 321, 2000 WL 19354
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedJanuary 13, 2000
DocketNo. 06-99-00014-CR
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 12 S.W.3d 580 (McKinney v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
McKinney v. State, 12 S.W.3d 580, 2000 Tex. App. LEXIS 321, 2000 WL 19354 (Tex. Ct. App. 2000).

Opinions

OPINION

Opinion by

Justice GRANT.

Cyrus Silas McKinney was charged with aggravated assault. After trial by jury as to both guilt/innocence and punishment, he was convicted of the lesser included of[581]*581fense of assault and sentenced to serve 365 days in the county jail, and to pay a fine of $4,000.

On appeal, McKinney contends the trial court erred in failing to submit the defendant’s requested charge on culpable mental state required for the offense.

The complainant, Gene Reeves, was struck by McKinney while the two men were at the home of Carol Johnson, McKinney’s former girlfriend. Before the incident, Reeves had been assisting his girlfriend, DeAnna Young, Johnson’s daughter, prepare her high school marching band uniform. Both Reeves and De-Anna attended the same high school, and they were both members in the band. The incident occurred when McKinney asked to speak with Reeves in the kitchen. Reeves testified that Carol Johnson followed him and McKinney into the kitchen, and McKinney and Johnson began to argue. Reeves heard Johnson tell McKinney to leave Reeves alone and that McKinney was scaring her. McKinney replied that he was “fbdri to scare [Johnson] a lot more” and then hit Reeves. Johnson testified at trial that the attack was not provoked by Reeves.

McKinney testified on his own behalf at trial. He admitted that he had been drinking before this incident occurred. He testified that he thought Reeves had been in Johnson’s room that evening, so he asked to speak with Reeves in the kitchen. He further testified that as the two were talking in the kitchen, he thought he saw Reeves’s hand “come up.” McKinney also testified that he thought Reeves was “swinging” at him, and he ducked and swung back, hitting Reeves.

Lesser Included Offense Instruction

McKinney requested a charge on the lesser included offense of assault, the pertinent part of which read as follows:

If you find from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that on or about September 3, 1997, in Lamar County, Texas, the defendant, CYRUS SILAS McKINNEY, did then and there intentionally or knomngly strike and hit Gene Reeves with his fist thereby causing] bodily injury to Gene Reeves, but you further find from the evidence that defendant did not cause serious bodily injury to Gene Reeves, or you have a reasonable doubt as to whether he caused serious bodily [injury] to Gene Reeves, then you will find defendant guilty of the lesser offense, assault by causing bodily injury, and not aggravated assault. (Emphasis added.)

Instead, the trial court gave the following instruction:

Now, bearing in mind all of the instructions given to you in this Charge, if you find from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant, CYRUS SILAS MCKINNEY, on or about the 3rd day of September, 1997, in Lamar County, Texas, did intentionally or knowingly or recklessly cause bodily injury to GENE REEVES by hitting GENE REEVES with CYRUS SILAS MCKINNEY’S hand, then you will find the defendant guilty of the lesser included offense of Assault. Unless you so find by evidence beyond a reasonable doubt or if you have a reasonable doubt thereof, you will acquit the defendant of Assault and say by your verdict not guilty. (Emphasis added.)

It should further be noted that in Section III, third paragraph of the charge, the trial court submitted to the jury the following definition:

A person acts “recklessly”, or is “reckless”, with respect to the result of his conduct when he is aware of but consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the result will occur. The risk much [sic] be of such a nature and degree that its disregard constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care that an ordinary person would exercise under all the circumstances as viewed from the actor’s standpoint.

[582]*582McKinney contends that by adding “recklessly” to the charge, an element was added to the offense not pleaded by the State. He also argues that the “recklessly” portion of the charge was not justified as there was no evidence that McKinney’s attack on Reeves was anything but “intentional,” and that there was no evidence that his acts were “reckless” as that term is defined. The State argues that McKinney did not properly object to the charge as given and, therefore, had to demonstrate “egregious” harm in order to make such error reversible. It further argues that as a lesser included offense, it was entitled to such an instruction on a lower culpable mental state.

Standard of Appellate Review-Erroneous Jury Instructions

If the error in the jury charge is timely objected to in the trial court, then reversal is required if the error is calculated to injure the rights of the defendant, which means that there must be some harm to the accused from the error. In other words, an error which has been properly preserved by objection calls for reversal as long as the error is not harmless. However, if no objection was made at trial, the accused must claim the error as “fundamental,” which means that he is entitled to reversal only if the error was so egregious and created such harm that he has not had a fair and impartial trial. TexCode Crim. PROC. Ann. art. 36.19 (Vernon 1981); Almanza v. State, 686 S.W.2d 157, 171 (Tex.Crim.App.1984) (opinion on reh’g).

The State argued that McKinney did not lodge a proper objection to the alleged error and thus is entitled to review for fundamental error only. We do not agree. Article 36.15 of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides, in pertinent part, as follows:

The defendant may, by a special requested instruction, call the trial court’s attention to error in the charge, as well as omissions therefrom, and no other exception or objection to the court’s charge shall be necessary to preserve any error reflected by any special requested instruction which the trial court refuses.

Tex.Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 36.15 (Vernon Supp.2000).

The Court of Criminal Appeals held that under Article 36.15, if the defendant requests a special instruction, no objection is required to preserve error. All that is required is that the requested instruction be in writing or dictated to the court reporter. Vasquez v. State, 919 S.W.2d 433, 435 (Tex.Crim.App.1996). The written requested charge, shown in the record in this case, is sufficient to preserve error, if any.

Did the trial court err in including “reckless” in the instruction on the lesser included offense of “assault?”

The primary offense with which McKinney was charged is “aggravated assault,” defined by the Texas Penal Code as follows:

(a) A person commits an offense if the person commits assault as defined in Section 22.01 and the person:
(1) causes serious bodily injury to another, including the person’s spouse; or
(2) uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the commission of the assault.

Tex. Pen.Code Ann. § 22.02 (Vernon 1994).

“Assault” is defined by the Texas Penal Code as follows:

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
12 S.W.3d 580, 2000 Tex. App. LEXIS 321, 2000 WL 19354, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/mckinney-v-state-texapp-2000.