The opinion of the Court was delivered by
Mr. Justice Fraser.
The plaintiff, who lives in Chester county, had an engagement to attend a convention that met in Greenville on the 18th of March, 1913. From his home he called over the phone the Southern depot at Chester and asked for information as to routes and rates from Chester to Greenville, stating that he wanted to reach Greenville about midday of 18th. There was a choice of routes and rates offered. The agent advised the longest route and the highest rate by Charlotte. There were special excursion rates .to the convention. The plaintiff asked the agent if he knew of any one else who was going, and the agent replied that Mr. Douglas was going, and the plaintiff told the agent he would communicate with Mr. Douglas and get him to1 get the ticket for him. He did so. Mr. Douglas bought two excursion
tickets, one for himself and one for' the plaintiff. Mr. Douglas was informed that the route by Charlotte would require the payment of Pullman fare extra. The Pullman tickets were purchased in Charlotte. The -train these gentlemen took at Charlotte made only three stops between'' Charlotte and Greenville, to wit, Gastonia, Blacksburg and Spartanburg. Between Charlotte and Gastonia the ticket collector of the defendant and the Pullman conductor demanded the tickets. The Pullman conductor took his ticket, but the ticket collector of the defendant refused to honor the tickets of the plaintiff and Mr. Douglas, and demanded cash fare. Both of these gentlemen refused to p-ay the fare. They explained fully the circumstances under which the tickets were bought. That they had contracted for that train, and had paid all that was demanded of them, and that they were assured that they had complied with all requirements and were entitled to ride on it.upon their tickets. They requested the conductor, to- whom the matter was referred by the ticket collector, -to- wire the Chester agent and ascertain from him the facts. The conductor declined to wire as- it might take until the next day to get an answer. The plaintiff and Mr. Douglas were told that if they did not pay the cash fare by the time they reached Blacksburg-, they would be ejected. They did not pay and were ejected. This- action was brought for both actual and punitive damages for the ejectment at Blacksburg.
The defendant did not deny the circumstances surrounding- the purchase of the ticket .and claimed that the delict, if any, was in the issuance of the ticket at Chester and not the ej ectment at Blacksburg. In other words, that the agent at Chester, by mere inadvertance, had delivered -to the plaintiff and Mr. Douglas tickets- that were old, out of date, and tickets that the conductor on- this train-, which was a “limited train,” could not have accepted, -and that the conductor acted in perfect good faith and in- obedience to rules in refusing to accept the tickets. (Mr. Douglas has brought a separate
action.) The judgment was for the plaintiff and the defendant appealed.
In order to avoid confusion, it is well to eliminate some questions that are not before this Court. This .is not a question of rates. The defendant said in the trial more than once, “it is not a question of not charging enough.” It is not a question of through travel. There was no question of local travel. This question was not raised and there were other local passengers. This train was to stop1 at Greenville. There was some testimony as to some offer by the plaintiff to pay the difference between the ticket and the cash fare, but this, is not important here, as defendant protested that “it is not a question of not charging enough.”
Two' questions may- arise:
1. Did the ticket entitle the plaintiff to passage on this train.
2. .If the ticket was insufficient, was the defendant bound to heed the explanation of the passenger ?
1. Did the ticket entitle the plaintiff to passage on this tráin ?
The trouble with the ticket was that it had printed on it in red letters these words: “Not good on Washington and Southwestern Limited.”
1
The official designation of this train was “No1. 37.” It seems that the ticket was old and the advertising name had been changed from “Washington and Southwestern Limited” to “New York, Atlanta and New Orleans Limited.” The new name is in the folders issued by the defendant and the new name is set up in the answer. The answer set up the “New York, Atlanta and New Orleans Limited as words of similar import.” The defendant made a contract to' carry the plaintiff from Chester to Greenville and gave the plaintiff a ticket to> show that the fare had been paid and the contract made. The ticket had a limitation. The defendant printed and issued the ticket. If it wanted to limit the ticket, it ought to' have done so'. It
did limit the ticket and the limitation did not apply. There was nothing on the ticket to. show that the ticket was not good on “No. 37” or the “New York, Atlanta and New Orleans Limited.” The contract of transportation being general, with a limitation expressed, the ticket was. good and the plaintiff was entitled to be transported unless he came within the limitations, and we have seen that he did not.
.The second question, based upon a void ticket, need not, be discussed as it does not properly'arise. It can have no effect on this case.
2
2.
The fifth and sixth exceptions complain of error in the refusal of the motion' for a nonsuit and a direction of verdict as to punitive damages. Apart from' the fact that the plaintiff was ejected after the presentation of a valid ticket, an explanation was given and it was for the jury to' say whether it was reasonable or not. This explanation the conductor refused to accept, or even to investigate, and the only reason given was that he might not have been able to learn the truth until too' late. The duty of the carrier to heed the .reasonable explanations of passengers is too- plain, and the authorities too recent and too numerous to require citation.
3
3. The fourth exception complains of error in the refusal of his Honor, Judge Prince, to' charge the defendant’s fifth request to charge in reference to1 the duty of the passenger ■to minimize his. damages by paying the cash fare in anticipation of his ejectment and thereby avoid it. If the action had -been for a past wrong, then it was his duty to' minimize. To1 this point the authorities are clear and full. No' binding authority has been cited that holds that a passenger is required to' minimize on anticipated wrong. For instance, if the wrong complained of had been the mistake of the agent at Chester, then the duty to' minimize would have been upon the plaintiff. Judge Prince held that this action was for the ejectment at Blacksburg and not- the past action at Chester, and the rule does not
apply. 'There is just as much difference between the two- as there is between a release for future negligence and as release for past negligence. It.
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The opinion of the Court was delivered by
Mr. Justice Fraser.
The plaintiff, who lives in Chester county, had an engagement to attend a convention that met in Greenville on the 18th of March, 1913. From his home he called over the phone the Southern depot at Chester and asked for information as to routes and rates from Chester to Greenville, stating that he wanted to reach Greenville about midday of 18th. There was a choice of routes and rates offered. The agent advised the longest route and the highest rate by Charlotte. There were special excursion rates .to the convention. The plaintiff asked the agent if he knew of any one else who was going, and the agent replied that Mr. Douglas was going, and the plaintiff told the agent he would communicate with Mr. Douglas and get him to1 get the ticket for him. He did so. Mr. Douglas bought two excursion
tickets, one for himself and one for' the plaintiff. Mr. Douglas was informed that the route by Charlotte would require the payment of Pullman fare extra. The Pullman tickets were purchased in Charlotte. The -train these gentlemen took at Charlotte made only three stops between'' Charlotte and Greenville, to wit, Gastonia, Blacksburg and Spartanburg. Between Charlotte and Gastonia the ticket collector of the defendant and the Pullman conductor demanded the tickets. The Pullman conductor took his ticket, but the ticket collector of the defendant refused to honor the tickets of the plaintiff and Mr. Douglas, and demanded cash fare. Both of these gentlemen refused to p-ay the fare. They explained fully the circumstances under which the tickets were bought. That they had contracted for that train, and had paid all that was demanded of them, and that they were assured that they had complied with all requirements and were entitled to ride on it.upon their tickets. They requested the conductor, to- whom the matter was referred by the ticket collector, -to- wire the Chester agent and ascertain from him the facts. The conductor declined to wire as- it might take until the next day to get an answer. The plaintiff and Mr. Douglas were told that if they did not pay the cash fare by the time they reached Blacksburg-, they would be ejected. They did not pay and were ejected. This- action was brought for both actual and punitive damages for the ejectment at Blacksburg.
The defendant did not deny the circumstances surrounding- the purchase of the ticket .and claimed that the delict, if any, was in the issuance of the ticket at Chester and not the ej ectment at Blacksburg. In other words, that the agent at Chester, by mere inadvertance, had delivered -to the plaintiff and Mr. Douglas tickets- that were old, out of date, and tickets that the conductor on- this train-, which was a “limited train,” could not have accepted, -and that the conductor acted in perfect good faith and in- obedience to rules in refusing to accept the tickets. (Mr. Douglas has brought a separate
action.) The judgment was for the plaintiff and the defendant appealed.
In order to avoid confusion, it is well to eliminate some questions that are not before this Court. This .is not a question of rates. The defendant said in the trial more than once, “it is not a question of not charging enough.” It is not a question of through travel. There was no question of local travel. This question was not raised and there were other local passengers. This train was to stop1 at Greenville. There was some testimony as to some offer by the plaintiff to pay the difference between the ticket and the cash fare, but this, is not important here, as defendant protested that “it is not a question of not charging enough.”
Two' questions may- arise:
1. Did the ticket entitle the plaintiff to passage on this train.
2. .If the ticket was insufficient, was the defendant bound to heed the explanation of the passenger ?
1. Did the ticket entitle the plaintiff to passage on this tráin ?
The trouble with the ticket was that it had printed on it in red letters these words: “Not good on Washington and Southwestern Limited.”
1
The official designation of this train was “No1. 37.” It seems that the ticket was old and the advertising name had been changed from “Washington and Southwestern Limited” to “New York, Atlanta and New Orleans Limited.” The new name is in the folders issued by the defendant and the new name is set up in the answer. The answer set up the “New York, Atlanta and New Orleans Limited as words of similar import.” The defendant made a contract to' carry the plaintiff from Chester to Greenville and gave the plaintiff a ticket to> show that the fare had been paid and the contract made. The ticket had a limitation. The defendant printed and issued the ticket. If it wanted to limit the ticket, it ought to' have done so'. It
did limit the ticket and the limitation did not apply. There was nothing on the ticket to. show that the ticket was not good on “No. 37” or the “New York, Atlanta and New Orleans Limited.” The contract of transportation being general, with a limitation expressed, the ticket was. good and the plaintiff was entitled to be transported unless he came within the limitations, and we have seen that he did not.
.The second question, based upon a void ticket, need not, be discussed as it does not properly'arise. It can have no effect on this case.
2
2.
The fifth and sixth exceptions complain of error in the refusal of the motion' for a nonsuit and a direction of verdict as to punitive damages. Apart from' the fact that the plaintiff was ejected after the presentation of a valid ticket, an explanation was given and it was for the jury to' say whether it was reasonable or not. This explanation the conductor refused to accept, or even to investigate, and the only reason given was that he might not have been able to learn the truth until too' late. The duty of the carrier to heed the .reasonable explanations of passengers is too- plain, and the authorities too recent and too numerous to require citation.
3
3. The fourth exception complains of error in the refusal of his Honor, Judge Prince, to' charge the defendant’s fifth request to charge in reference to1 the duty of the passenger ■to minimize his. damages by paying the cash fare in anticipation of his ejectment and thereby avoid it. If the action had -been for a past wrong, then it was his duty to' minimize. To1 this point the authorities are clear and full. No' binding authority has been cited that holds that a passenger is required to' minimize on anticipated wrong. For instance, if the wrong complained of had been the mistake of the agent at Chester, then the duty to' minimize would have been upon the plaintiff. Judge Prince held that this action was for the ejectment at Blacksburg and not- the past action at Chester, and the rule does not
apply. 'There is just as much difference between the two- as there is between a release for future negligence and as release for past negligence. It. may be that a nervous man or even a prudent man will have enough money with him to purchase his tickets and pay his cash fare, too, in case it is demanded, but there is no such requirement and the plaintiff here said he did not have enough for both.
This exception is overruled.
4
The third exception is much like the fourth, except that his Honor charged the jury that the conductor was charged with the knowledge of what happened at Chester. The duty of the conductor was to- investigate.
Teddars
v.
Southern Ry.,
97 S. C. 153, 81 S. E. 474. The conductor had the opportunity to-, at least, try at Gastonia before they reached Blacksburg and he was’ charged with the information that an investigation might have furnished.
5. The second exception raises this same question of imputed knowledge and is covered by the comment on exception three.
6. The first exception can not be condensed, and will have to- be copied.
“1. Because his Honor erred in charging the jury as follows- :
5, 6
‘N-o-w, I charge you in this case that this action is predicated not on -the negligence of the selling agent, but on the negligence, wilfulness, wantonness, recklessness and maliciousness of the ejecting agent. I charge you that if the agent at Chester represented to the plaintiff that ticket was go-od on train- No. 37 on the main line, and the plaintiff paid his money on that representation believing it, he had the right to* ride on No-. 37, and I charge you, further, that it is the duty of the conductor in charge of one of the defendant company’s trains to heed the reasonable explanations of a passenger where the passenger is found to- be in possession- of an irregular ticket, and if he
acts without heeding the reasonable explanation of a passenger he runs the risk of the passenger’s being right, and if the passenger is right he subjects this company to- damages, to a cause of action for damages; and if he recklessly, wilfully, or wantonly refuses to heed them, he subjects his company to punitive damages if the passenger be injured through the wrongful ejection; and I charge you if the passeng'er bought the ticket on the representation of that agent that it was good for a particular train, and the passenger honestly believed that, paid his. money for it on that belief and took that train, if he was ejected he was wrongfully ejected. Now, I am making this plain, because there are some very nice questions of law that the defendant and other companies in like circumstances will have to> get the Supreme Court to settle. But you can’t settle it. You have got to take what I say, and I am giving you what I believe the law;’ the specific error being (a,) that while the action may not have been predicated on the negligence of the selling agent at Chester, yet such negligence was set up1 in the answer of the defendant in order to negative wilfulness, wantonness, recklessness and maliciousness on the part of the ejecting agent, (b) That under such charge his Honor practically instructed the jury that they must render a verdict for the plaintiff, and thereby charged upon the facts in violation of the Constitution of J:his State, (c) That by such charge the duty of the plaintiff to< minimize the damages, ensuing, or about to ensue, from the negligence, of the selling agent at Chester, after his. attention had been called to such negligence, was entirely excluded from the consideration of the jury.”
a. It is difficult to1 see how the want of wilfulness at Chester can negative wilfulness at Blacksburg. The action was for the ejectment at Blacksburg. This position can not be sustained.
b. That charge was entirely on the law, and the objection can not be sustained.
c. This position can not be sustained for theueason stated above.
The judgment is affirmed.
Mr. Chief Justice Gary and Mr. Justice Hydrick concur in the result.