Synopsis of the Case.
MONTGOMERY, P. J.
This suit was brought in the district court of Tarrant county, Tex., by William Linden against the defendants in error, Mrs. Y. E. Withers and H. C. Cantrell, a constable of Tarrant county, Tex., to restrain by injunction the sale under execution of certain land belonging to said Linden and the enforcement of the judgment in favor of Mrs. Y. P. Withers against him, on which the execution was issued. The judgment was rendered in a justice court of Tarrant county, and a copy of the judgment urns made an exhibit to the petition for injunction, from which it axipears that said judgment was rendered January 25, 1910, in the justice court of Tarrant county, Tex., in favor of one Craig against the said Linden and Withers, jointly and severally for $85.70. and judgment was also rendered in favor of Mrs. V. P. Withers against the said Linden, her codefendant, for the sum of $85.70, in[504]*504terest, and. cost. The petition for injunction alleges that the judgment in favor of Mrs. Withers was rendered against the said linden without notice of any kind and that he did not learn of said judgment in time to prosecute an appeal or take the same to the county court by certiorari.
The Court of Civil Appeals, in the opinion in this case, found that the ¿negations, if true, stated a good cause of action.
The plaintiff’s petition was presented to one of the district judges of Tarrant county, Tex., and temporary injunction granted, and the writ, after execution of bond, as provided in the order, was duly issued. J. M. McKenzie and E. W. McKenzie were the sureties on the bond.
The defendant, Mrs. Y. P. Withers, in the district court, answered by a motion to dissolve the injunction, and also by an answer under oath denying all the equities of the bill, and further sought a judgment against the plaintiff, Linden, and X M. and E. W. McKenzie, sureties on the injunction bond, for the amount of her debt, with interest and cost of suit, and also for 10 per cent, penalty provided by statute.
In view of the disposition of the case, we think it unnecessary to make any further statement, except to set out the judgment, which was rendered in the district court of Tarrant county, Tex., and which was taken to the Court of Civil Appeals for review by writ of error. The original judgment rendered in the case, and which is now under consideration, was as follows:
“This day this cause came on to be heard, whereupon came the defendants, V. E. Withers and H. O. Cantrell, and presented their motion to dissolve the injunction heretofore granted on April 30, 1910, and the pleading being considered by the court, together with the motion, and fully understood, it is the opinion of the court that the law is for the respondents, V. P. Withers and H. C. Cantrell, and that said injunction restrained the collection of a judgment in favor of the defendant Y. P. Withers against the plaintiff, William Linden; and it is the opinion of the court that the injunction was issued restraining the collection of a judgment for the purpose of delay, and that the plaintiff, William Linden, bad executed an injunction bond, with X M. McKenzie and E. W. McKenzie as sureties thereon, and that the amount enjoined was the sum of $97.80, with 8 per cent, from April 5, 1910, together with $5.30 costs incurred in the levy of the execution; it appearing to the court that H. C. Cantrell was constable who made the levy of the execution, and is not liable in this action, and is hereby dismissed, with his costs. It is therefore ordered, adjudged, and decreed that defendant V. P. Withers do have and recover of and from William Linden, J. M. McKenzie, and B. W. McKenzie the sum of $114.19, together with 10 per cent, damages thereon, to wit, $11.41, amounting to the sum of $125.60, with 8 per cent, interest thereon from this date, and all costs in this behalf incurred, for which she may have her writs of execution.”
' From this judgment the sureties, J. M. McKenzie and E. W. McKenzie, prosecuted a writ of error to the Court of Civil Appeals.
After the writ of error had been sued out and the record filed in the Court of Civil Appeals, the district court entered a judgment nunc pro tunc for the purpose of correcting errors in the original judgment, which is set out above, and making the same conform to the judgment actually rendered by the court. Said corrected judgment reads as follows:
“William Linden v. Mrs. V. P. Withers et al.
No. 29887.
“Judgment October 4, 1911.
“This day this cause came on to be heard, whereupon came the defendants, V. P. Withers and H. C. Cantrell, and presented their motion to dissolve the injunction heretofore granted on April 30, 1910, and the pleadings being considered by the court, together with the motion and accompanying affidavits, and being fully understood, it is the opinion of the court that the law is for thé respondents, V. P. Withers and H. C. Cantrell, and that said injunction restraining the collection of the judgment described in the pleadings in favor of the defendant Y. P. Withers against the plaintiff, William Linden, should be dissolved. It is the further opinion of the court that the injunction was issued restraining the collection of said judgment for the purpose of delay, and it appearing that the plaintiff, William Linden, has herein executed an injunction bond, with J. M. McKenzie and E. W, McKenzie as sureties thereon, and that the amount of the judgment enjoined is the sum of $97.80, with 8 per cent, from April 5, 1910, together with $5.30' costs incurred in the levy of the execution, and that H. C. Cantrell is the constable who made the levy of the execution, and is not liable in this action.
“It is further ordered, adjudged, and decreed that the writ of injunction heretofore issued in this cause on the 30th day of April, 1910, be and the same is hereby dissolved, set aside, and declared to be of no further force or effect; that defendant V. P. Withers do have and recover of and from William Linden, J. M. McKenzie, and E. W. McKenzie the sum of $114.-19, together with 10 per cent, damages thereon, to wit, $11.41, amounting to the sum of $125.60, with 8 per cent, thereon from this day, and all costs in this behalf incurred, for which she may have her writs of execution. It is further ordered the said H. C. Cantrell go hence without day and recover his costs, and that the officers of this court may have execution against each party to this suit, respectively, for all costs by him or her incurred.”
The Court of Civil Appeals held that the judgment rendered in the ease was not a final judgment, but only interlocutory, and for that reason dismissed the appeal. See opinion of the Court of Civil Appeals, 152 S. W. 658.
The writ of error in this case was granted by the Supreme Court to review the action of the Court of Civil Appeals in dismissing said writ of error and refusing to consider the case on its merits.
The above, we think, is all the statement necessary to a clear understanding of the points involved in this case.
Opinion.
The question to be decided is whether the judgment rendered by the district court was final or merely interlocutory. The Court of Civil Appeals held that the judgment was [505]*505not final, and that therefore no writ of error or appeal lay therefrom, and dismissed the writ of error.
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Synopsis of the Case.
MONTGOMERY, P. J.
This suit was brought in the district court of Tarrant county, Tex., by William Linden against the defendants in error, Mrs. Y. E. Withers and H. C. Cantrell, a constable of Tarrant county, Tex., to restrain by injunction the sale under execution of certain land belonging to said Linden and the enforcement of the judgment in favor of Mrs. Y. P. Withers against him, on which the execution was issued. The judgment was rendered in a justice court of Tarrant county, and a copy of the judgment urns made an exhibit to the petition for injunction, from which it axipears that said judgment was rendered January 25, 1910, in the justice court of Tarrant county, Tex., in favor of one Craig against the said Linden and Withers, jointly and severally for $85.70. and judgment was also rendered in favor of Mrs. V. P. Withers against the said Linden, her codefendant, for the sum of $85.70, in[504]*504terest, and. cost. The petition for injunction alleges that the judgment in favor of Mrs. Withers was rendered against the said linden without notice of any kind and that he did not learn of said judgment in time to prosecute an appeal or take the same to the county court by certiorari.
The Court of Civil Appeals, in the opinion in this case, found that the ¿negations, if true, stated a good cause of action.
The plaintiff’s petition was presented to one of the district judges of Tarrant county, Tex., and temporary injunction granted, and the writ, after execution of bond, as provided in the order, was duly issued. J. M. McKenzie and E. W. McKenzie were the sureties on the bond.
The defendant, Mrs. Y. P. Withers, in the district court, answered by a motion to dissolve the injunction, and also by an answer under oath denying all the equities of the bill, and further sought a judgment against the plaintiff, Linden, and X M. and E. W. McKenzie, sureties on the injunction bond, for the amount of her debt, with interest and cost of suit, and also for 10 per cent, penalty provided by statute.
In view of the disposition of the case, we think it unnecessary to make any further statement, except to set out the judgment, which was rendered in the district court of Tarrant county, Tex., and which was taken to the Court of Civil Appeals for review by writ of error. The original judgment rendered in the case, and which is now under consideration, was as follows:
“This day this cause came on to be heard, whereupon came the defendants, V. E. Withers and H. O. Cantrell, and presented their motion to dissolve the injunction heretofore granted on April 30, 1910, and the pleading being considered by the court, together with the motion, and fully understood, it is the opinion of the court that the law is for the respondents, V. P. Withers and H. C. Cantrell, and that said injunction restrained the collection of a judgment in favor of the defendant Y. P. Withers against the plaintiff, William Linden; and it is the opinion of the court that the injunction was issued restraining the collection of a judgment for the purpose of delay, and that the plaintiff, William Linden, bad executed an injunction bond, with X M. McKenzie and E. W. McKenzie as sureties thereon, and that the amount enjoined was the sum of $97.80, with 8 per cent, from April 5, 1910, together with $5.30 costs incurred in the levy of the execution; it appearing to the court that H. C. Cantrell was constable who made the levy of the execution, and is not liable in this action, and is hereby dismissed, with his costs. It is therefore ordered, adjudged, and decreed that defendant V. P. Withers do have and recover of and from William Linden, J. M. McKenzie, and B. W. McKenzie the sum of $114.19, together with 10 per cent, damages thereon, to wit, $11.41, amounting to the sum of $125.60, with 8 per cent, interest thereon from this date, and all costs in this behalf incurred, for which she may have her writs of execution.”
' From this judgment the sureties, J. M. McKenzie and E. W. McKenzie, prosecuted a writ of error to the Court of Civil Appeals.
After the writ of error had been sued out and the record filed in the Court of Civil Appeals, the district court entered a judgment nunc pro tunc for the purpose of correcting errors in the original judgment, which is set out above, and making the same conform to the judgment actually rendered by the court. Said corrected judgment reads as follows:
“William Linden v. Mrs. V. P. Withers et al.
No. 29887.
“Judgment October 4, 1911.
“This day this cause came on to be heard, whereupon came the defendants, V. P. Withers and H. C. Cantrell, and presented their motion to dissolve the injunction heretofore granted on April 30, 1910, and the pleadings being considered by the court, together with the motion and accompanying affidavits, and being fully understood, it is the opinion of the court that the law is for thé respondents, V. P. Withers and H. C. Cantrell, and that said injunction restraining the collection of the judgment described in the pleadings in favor of the defendant Y. P. Withers against the plaintiff, William Linden, should be dissolved. It is the further opinion of the court that the injunction was issued restraining the collection of said judgment for the purpose of delay, and it appearing that the plaintiff, William Linden, has herein executed an injunction bond, with J. M. McKenzie and E. W, McKenzie as sureties thereon, and that the amount of the judgment enjoined is the sum of $97.80, with 8 per cent, from April 5, 1910, together with $5.30' costs incurred in the levy of the execution, and that H. C. Cantrell is the constable who made the levy of the execution, and is not liable in this action.
“It is further ordered, adjudged, and decreed that the writ of injunction heretofore issued in this cause on the 30th day of April, 1910, be and the same is hereby dissolved, set aside, and declared to be of no further force or effect; that defendant V. P. Withers do have and recover of and from William Linden, J. M. McKenzie, and E. W. McKenzie the sum of $114.-19, together with 10 per cent, damages thereon, to wit, $11.41, amounting to the sum of $125.60, with 8 per cent, thereon from this day, and all costs in this behalf incurred, for which she may have her writs of execution. It is further ordered the said H. C. Cantrell go hence without day and recover his costs, and that the officers of this court may have execution against each party to this suit, respectively, for all costs by him or her incurred.”
The Court of Civil Appeals held that the judgment rendered in the ease was not a final judgment, but only interlocutory, and for that reason dismissed the appeal. See opinion of the Court of Civil Appeals, 152 S. W. 658.
The writ of error in this case was granted by the Supreme Court to review the action of the Court of Civil Appeals in dismissing said writ of error and refusing to consider the case on its merits.
The above, we think, is all the statement necessary to a clear understanding of the points involved in this case.
Opinion.
The question to be decided is whether the judgment rendered by the district court was final or merely interlocutory. The Court of Civil Appeals held that the judgment was [505]*505not final, and that therefore no writ of error or appeal lay therefrom, and dismissed the writ of error.
It must be borne in mind that we are not concerned with the correctness of the judgment, but only as to whether or not the judgment was final and disposed of all the issues in the case, and could therefore be appealed from. This question must be governed by the rules of construction applicable to judgments.
The Court of Civil Appeals held that the judgment was interlocutory because:
“It leaves the controversy involved in the original suit for the perpetual injunction against the enforcement of the justice court judgment wholly undisposed of.”
[1] We think the judgment, when properly construed, has the effect of denying plaintiff, Linden, all relief, and giving the defendant Withers a judgment against Linden, and J. M. McKenzie and E. W. McKenzie, his sureties, on her cross-action.
[2] One rule for the construction of judgments, which we think correct, is thus stated:
“In respect to its operation upon the subject-matter of the action, the judgment is to be understood as including and determining whatever follows by necessary implication from its terms, although not specified in so many words, and as disposing of all the issues and controversies raised in the case, unless questions are reserved or leave given to the parties to take further proceedings, in which case the unadjudicated matters are left entirely open, except in so far as their determination in a particular way would be inconsistent with the general tenor of the original judgment.”' 23 Cyc. 1104.
It must be borne in mind that the plaintiff in the district court sought no relief except by injunction, and it will be noted that the judgment dissolves the injunction restraining the collection of the justice court judgment, and further adjudges that the injunction was sued out for the purpose of delay.
The court further rendered judgment in favor of the defendant Withers against the plaintiff and the sureties on the injunction bond for the amount of the original judgment, with interest, and for cost of suit and for a penalty of 10 per cent.
It is apparent that any judgment, which might thereafter have been rendered in the trial court in this ease, granting or perpetuating the injunction, would be entirely inconsistent with this judgment. The judgment, we think, is final and conclusive of every issue in the case.
We have not thought it necessary to discuss the various cases cited as to the proper judgment to be rendered in cases where temporary injunctions are dissolved, either upon motion, demurrer, or after answer filed denying the equities of the bill.
The case of Love v. Powell, 67 Tex. 15, 2 S. W. 456, reviews all the authorities upon this question, and lays down a rule which we accept, but the decision ip. that ease does not control the question herein involved.
In that case it was held that the plaintiff in the injunction suit, where preliminary writ has been dissolved by reason of a sworn answer denying the equities of the bill, would not be deemed to have waived his right to a trial upon the merits, because he failed to affirmatively demand it. There was nothing in the judgment in that case which indicated that the court had done anything more than to dissolve the temporary injunction and dismiss the case. This judgment while final, was held erroneous, and the case reversed for trial on the issues raised by the bill and answer.
We think that the rule there laid down has no application to this case, for the reason that in Love v. Powell the question was as to whether the court properly dismissed the case or not, while in this case the question is: Did the judgment have the effect of dismissing the case?
Construing the judgment as we do, it has the effect of denying the plaintiff all relief, and of giving the defendant Withers judgment against the plaintiff for the amount of the original judgment, interest, penalty, and cost, which judgment, if not appealed from or set aside could be enforced by execution.
It follows from the foregoing that the Court of Civil Appeals erred in dismissing the writ of error proceedings. We are of opinion that the case should be remanded to the Court of Civil Appeals, with the instructions to set aside the order dismissing said writ of error, to reinstate the case on its docket, and to dispose of the case upon the merits.
PHILLIPS, C. J. The judgment recommended by the Commission is adopted and will be entered as the judgment at the Supreme Court.