McKelvin v. State

53 So. 3d 401, 2011 Fla. App. LEXIS 1900, 2011 WL 519891
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedFebruary 16, 2011
DocketNo. 4D09-4719
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 53 So. 3d 401 (McKelvin v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
McKelvin v. State, 53 So. 3d 401, 2011 Fla. App. LEXIS 1900, 2011 WL 519891 (Fla. Ct. App. 2011).

Opinion

POLEN, J.

Appellant, George McKelvin, appeals the trial court’s order adjudicating him guilty of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon (Count I) and possession of cocaine (Count II). McKelvin pled no contest to the charges following the trial court’s denial of his motion to suppress. The court sentenced McKelvin to concurrent terms of three years in prison followed by two years probation on both counts. We hold that the trial court erred in denying [403]*403McKelvin’s motion to suppress and reverse.

At the hearing on McKelvin’s motion to suppress, Detective James Gibbons and Detective Leonard Tinelli testified that on September 23, 2008, they received information from an unidentified anonymous source who approached them while they were on an unrelated stop. The source told them that a black male in a burgundy or red Dodge Charger with 23 or 24-inch chrome rims was engaged in “narcotics activity.” The person specifically described a black male who was between 50 and 55 years old, about 5'9" or 5'10", who had short cropped hair and who weighed between 180 and 195 pounds. Detective Tinelli specified that the source told the officers that the car “continuously drove into the Budget hotel/motel ... five or six times a day.” The source gave them the tag number of the vehicle. Finally, the source told the officers that s/he had witnessed “hand-to-hand transactions” in which the occupant of the Charger would take money from a person and give the person an object. The detectives were dressed in police tactical gear which contained clear markings identifying them as police officers.

The source wanted to remain anonymous. Accordingly, the officers never took the informant’s name, phone number or address.

The detectives parked their unmarked vehicle near the Super Budget Motel mentioned by the source. About an hour or an hour and a half later, a Charger, matching the description and tag number given by their source, arrived at the motel. Although they did not see any traffic infractions or other indication of illegal activity, and the car contained a female passenger, unmentioned by the anonymous source, the detectives activated their lights and stopped the vehicle after checking the tag number.1

Detective Gibbons approached the driver’s side of the Charger and saw the driver remove a black object from his waistband and put it beneath his seat. Gibbons “clearly identified [the object], due to my training, knowledge, and experience, as a gun.” He immediately removed the driver from the vehicle. The driver threw a bag which had white, rock-like substances in it to the floor.

Defense counsel agreed with the judge that the motion would be determined by the legality of the initial stop because once the officers stopped and approached the vehicle, they saw, in plain view, that the driver had a gun which he threw under the seat. Therefore, the subsequent search and detainment was justified by probable cause. The court found that the fact that the informant approached the police officers, gave them information in person, provided detailed information of the activity which was suspicious, and provided a detailed description of the vehicle, the occupant, and the tag number gave the officers reasonable suspicion of criminal activity sufficient to justify the initial stop of the vehicle. Accordingly, the court denied McKelvin’s motion to suppress.

“In reviewing an order on a motion to suppress, an appellate court should defer to the trial court’s factual findings but review de novo the application of the law to the facts.” Dixon v. State, 36 So.3d 920, 923 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010). A law [404]*404enforcement officer may stop and detain an individual for investigation so long as he has a reasonable suspicion that the individual has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime. Fuentes v. State, 24 So.3d 1231, 1234 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009). Whether the officer’s suspicion was reasonable is determined by considering the totality of the circumstances and the facts known to the officer before the stop. Id.

McKelvin asserts that the present case is “on all fours” with Fuentes, in which this court recognized that information provided by an anonymous tipster provides the basis for an investigatory stop only once it is sufficiently corroborated by the police because the basis of the tipster’s knowledge and veracity are generally unknown. 24 So.3d at 1235. In Fuentes, an officer received a call from dispatch regarding an anonymous complaint that a white female and white male were punching each other inside a U-haul truck. Id. The officer drove toward the reported location, which was near a U-haul rental facility. She observed a white female driving a U-haul truck with a white male passenger. She followed and ultimately pulled over the vehicle. Id. When another officer arrived and asked Fuentes to step out of the vehicle, Fuentes opened the door and a bag of marijuana fell from her lap. Id. We reversed the trial court’s denial of the motion to suppress because the officer did not have reasonable suspicion of criminal activity at the time she conducted the investigatory stop. Id. at 1236.

The State points out that the instant case is unlike Fuentes in that, here, the police were approached by an individual in person who gave detailed information regarding the suspicious activity. Thus, the individual in the instant case was more like a “citizen informant,” as discussed by the Florida Supreme Court in Baptiste v. State, 995 So.2d 285 (Fla.2008):

State and federal case law establishes that the reliability of a tip which alleges illegal activity varies based upon whether the tip is truly anonymous, such as an anonymous telephone call, or whether it is offered by a “citizen infoi'mant” who approaches the police in person to report criminal activity. A tip from a citizen informant falls at a higher end of the reliability scale. This hierarchy has been described as based on various factors. First, a citizen informant may be motivated not by pecuniary gain, but by the desire to further justice. Second, unlike an anonymous tipster, a witness who directly approaches a police officer may be held accountable for false statements. Third, a face-to-face tip may be viewed as more reliable because the officers who receive the tip have the opportunity to observe the demeanor and evaluate the credibility of the person offering the information. Fourth, a witness who approaches the police in person may subject himself or herself to potential reprisal from the defendant, thereby rendering the tip more reliable than an anonymous tip.

Id. at 291 (citations omitted).

The State also points to several cases in which this court has noted the greater reliability of face-to-face tips. For example, in J.P.N. v. State, 931 So.2d 1066 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006), a man flagged down a patrolling officer in a Wal-Mart parking lot and told him that he had seen a gray vehicle occupied by black males stopping intermittently, exiting their vehicle, and peering in the windows of vehicles parked in the parking lot. Id. at 1067. The man pointed the officer to the vehicle which was leaving the parking lot at the time, and the officer subsequently stopped the vehicle. Id.

[405]*405This court noted that, generally, anonymous informants are informants who provide information via telephone.

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Bluebook (online)
53 So. 3d 401, 2011 Fla. App. LEXIS 1900, 2011 WL 519891, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/mckelvin-v-state-fladistctapp-2011.