MerriMON, J.,
after stating the facts. The principal question raised by the exceptions was as to the validity and sufficiency of the probate of the deed executed by
the
plaintiff and her husband on the 7th day of February, 1852.
In our judgment the privy examination of the wife is fatally defective, and therefore no title passed to the bargainees by the deed.
The execution of the deed in question purports to have been proved under and in pursuance of the Revised Statutes, ch. 37, §§10, 11. These sections provide in substance that a deed executed by husband and wife must be acknowledged before a judge of the supreme or superior courts, or before the county court of the county where the land lies, and that then the privy examination of the~wife shall be taken by the judge, or by some member of the county court appointed by the court for that purpose. If the deed shall be acknowledged by the husband, or proved as to him by the oath of one or more witnesses before a judge, or before the county court of the county where the land lies, and it shall bo represented to the judge or county court that the wife is a resident of another county, or is so aged and infirm that she cannot travel to the judge or county court to make acknowledgment of the deed and let her privy examination be taken, then, and not until then, the judge or the county court may, by his or their order, direct the clerk of the county court of the county where the land lies to issue a commission to two or more commissioners, authorizing them to take the acknowledgment of such deed of the/me covert, and likewise to examine her privily and apart from her husband, touching her free consent in the execution ■ of the deed; and when they shall have taken such acknowledgment and privy examination, to certify the same to the county court, and this court shall then order the same, with the commission and certificate, to be registered.
It is contemplated and required by the statute that the deed shall be first acknowledged by the husband and wife, and that her privy examination shall be taken afterwards; or, if for any of the causes specified in the statute this cannot be done, then, first, the husband must acknowledge the execution of the deed, or it must be proved as to him by witnesses before a judge or the county court, and then, upon suggestion to the judge or
county court, as directed by the statute, the commission may go out to take the acknowledgment and privy examination of the wife.
This is the order of acknowledgment of the execution of a deed by husband and wife provided
by the terms
of the statute, and this order is regarded as material, and of the substance of the execution of such a deed. The leading purpose of the statute, it is true, was to facilitate alienations by married women, but it was likewise intended to protect them against the undue influence'of their husbands. Hence, the privy examination: this was to take place after the acknowledgment of the signing of the deed, apart from the husband, in the presence of the examining officers where the wife was supposed to feel free to express herself under the examination as to her will and desire in respect to the deed. It was intended also that, the husband should first acknowledge the execution of the deed, to the end it might appear that the wife signed the same with his knowledge and consent. She is to be protected by him as well as by the law. This view of the statute is fully warranted by its terms and purpose, and it has been so repeatedly and uniformly construed.
Burgess
v.
Wilson,
2 Dev., 306;
Pierce
v.
Wanett,
10 Ired., 446;
Malloy
v.
Bruden,
88 N. C., 305.
It does not appear that the deed in question v-as ever before the county court, or that the husband ever acknowledged it, or that it had been proved as to him by witnesses before the'supposed privy examination of the wife. Indeed, it appears negatively that he never acknowledged it, and affirmatively that it was proved as to him by witnesses several years afterwards.
The order of the court appointing the commissioners is indefinite in its terms and very defective in its provisions. It does not mention that any particular deed had been acknowledged, or proved by any person, nor does it appear what deed the plaintiff was to be examined about.
The report of the commissioners is quite as defective. It does not appear that it was ever certified to the court, or that the
court ever saw it, or made any order respecting it; nor does it appear that the court ever ordered the deed, the entries thereon, or the commission, or any return of it, to be registered. There could scarcely be a lamer attempt at a compliance with the essential requisites of the statute. We cannot hesitate to hold that the statute was not complied with, and the deed is inoperative.
The marriage took place in 1850; the wife was seized in fee of the lauds at the time of the marriage, and there were children of the marriage born alive. Hence the husband has a life estate in the lands as tenant by the courtesy
initiate.
He could' not, however, sell or lease it for the term of his life, or for any less term of years, without the consent of his wife, to be made effectual by deed executed in the same manner as deeds are required to be executed by married women to pass title to their real estate. Nor could any such interest of his be subject to sale to satisfy any execution obtained against him. Rev. Code., ch. 56, §1;
Williams
v.
Lanier,
Busb., 30;
Houston
v. Brown, 7 Jones, 161;
Wilson
v.
Arentz,
70 N. C., 670.
While the husband is thus tenant'by the courtes3r, he had no power to convey his life estate as tenant by the courtesy
initiate,
and therefore, the deed as to him is inoperative, as well as to the wife.
It thus appears that the husband has an interest in the land in question, and he ought, therefore, to be joined as party plaintiff with his wife in this action. It seems that the counsel for the plaintiff so thought, for it is stated in the complaint that the “husband, for reasons personal to himself, refused to join as plaintiff in this cause.” Nevertheless, he is a necessary party and must be made such before there can be a judgment upon the merits of the action. Where it appears in an action that a person not a party to it had a direct interest in the subject matter of litigation, the court will not proceed to judgment until such person be made a party. And where the husband ought to join the wife in an action and refuses to do so, and likewise, where it appears that he has an interest in the subject matter of litigation, and is on that account a necessary party, he must be
made such before the court will give judgment upon the merits of the action. This is upon the principle that the court will make all necessary parties, and do whatever else that may be proper and essential to perfect its jurisdiction of the action and make its judgment effectual as to the subject matter in dispute.
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MerriMON, J.,
after stating the facts. The principal question raised by the exceptions was as to the validity and sufficiency of the probate of the deed executed by
the
plaintiff and her husband on the 7th day of February, 1852.
In our judgment the privy examination of the wife is fatally defective, and therefore no title passed to the bargainees by the deed.
The execution of the deed in question purports to have been proved under and in pursuance of the Revised Statutes, ch. 37, §§10, 11. These sections provide in substance that a deed executed by husband and wife must be acknowledged before a judge of the supreme or superior courts, or before the county court of the county where the land lies, and that then the privy examination of the~wife shall be taken by the judge, or by some member of the county court appointed by the court for that purpose. If the deed shall be acknowledged by the husband, or proved as to him by the oath of one or more witnesses before a judge, or before the county court of the county where the land lies, and it shall bo represented to the judge or county court that the wife is a resident of another county, or is so aged and infirm that she cannot travel to the judge or county court to make acknowledgment of the deed and let her privy examination be taken, then, and not until then, the judge or the county court may, by his or their order, direct the clerk of the county court of the county where the land lies to issue a commission to two or more commissioners, authorizing them to take the acknowledgment of such deed of the/me covert, and likewise to examine her privily and apart from her husband, touching her free consent in the execution ■ of the deed; and when they shall have taken such acknowledgment and privy examination, to certify the same to the county court, and this court shall then order the same, with the commission and certificate, to be registered.
It is contemplated and required by the statute that the deed shall be first acknowledged by the husband and wife, and that her privy examination shall be taken afterwards; or, if for any of the causes specified in the statute this cannot be done, then, first, the husband must acknowledge the execution of the deed, or it must be proved as to him by witnesses before a judge or the county court, and then, upon suggestion to the judge or
county court, as directed by the statute, the commission may go out to take the acknowledgment and privy examination of the wife.
This is the order of acknowledgment of the execution of a deed by husband and wife provided
by the terms
of the statute, and this order is regarded as material, and of the substance of the execution of such a deed. The leading purpose of the statute, it is true, was to facilitate alienations by married women, but it was likewise intended to protect them against the undue influence'of their husbands. Hence, the privy examination: this was to take place after the acknowledgment of the signing of the deed, apart from the husband, in the presence of the examining officers where the wife was supposed to feel free to express herself under the examination as to her will and desire in respect to the deed. It was intended also that, the husband should first acknowledge the execution of the deed, to the end it might appear that the wife signed the same with his knowledge and consent. She is to be protected by him as well as by the law. This view of the statute is fully warranted by its terms and purpose, and it has been so repeatedly and uniformly construed.
Burgess
v.
Wilson,
2 Dev., 306;
Pierce
v.
Wanett,
10 Ired., 446;
Malloy
v.
Bruden,
88 N. C., 305.
It does not appear that the deed in question v-as ever before the county court, or that the husband ever acknowledged it, or that it had been proved as to him by witnesses before the'supposed privy examination of the wife. Indeed, it appears negatively that he never acknowledged it, and affirmatively that it was proved as to him by witnesses several years afterwards.
The order of the court appointing the commissioners is indefinite in its terms and very defective in its provisions. It does not mention that any particular deed had been acknowledged, or proved by any person, nor does it appear what deed the plaintiff was to be examined about.
The report of the commissioners is quite as defective. It does not appear that it was ever certified to the court, or that the
court ever saw it, or made any order respecting it; nor does it appear that the court ever ordered the deed, the entries thereon, or the commission, or any return of it, to be registered. There could scarcely be a lamer attempt at a compliance with the essential requisites of the statute. We cannot hesitate to hold that the statute was not complied with, and the deed is inoperative.
The marriage took place in 1850; the wife was seized in fee of the lauds at the time of the marriage, and there were children of the marriage born alive. Hence the husband has a life estate in the lands as tenant by the courtesy
initiate.
He could' not, however, sell or lease it for the term of his life, or for any less term of years, without the consent of his wife, to be made effectual by deed executed in the same manner as deeds are required to be executed by married women to pass title to their real estate. Nor could any such interest of his be subject to sale to satisfy any execution obtained against him. Rev. Code., ch. 56, §1;
Williams
v.
Lanier,
Busb., 30;
Houston
v. Brown, 7 Jones, 161;
Wilson
v.
Arentz,
70 N. C., 670.
While the husband is thus tenant'by the courtes3r, he had no power to convey his life estate as tenant by the courtesy
initiate,
and therefore, the deed as to him is inoperative, as well as to the wife.
It thus appears that the husband has an interest in the land in question, and he ought, therefore, to be joined as party plaintiff with his wife in this action. It seems that the counsel for the plaintiff so thought, for it is stated in the complaint that the “husband, for reasons personal to himself, refused to join as plaintiff in this cause.” Nevertheless, he is a necessary party and must be made such before there can be a judgment upon the merits of the action. Where it appears in an action that a person not a party to it had a direct interest in the subject matter of litigation, the court will not proceed to judgment until such person be made a party. And where the husband ought to join the wife in an action and refuses to do so, and likewise, where it appears that he has an interest in the subject matter of litigation, and is on that account a necessary party, he must be
made such before the court will give judgment upon the merits of the action. This is upon the principle that the court will make all necessary parties, and do whatever else that may be proper and essential to perfect its jurisdiction of the action and make its judgment effectual as to the subject matter in dispute.
Ordinarily, when a married woman brings an action, her husband must be joined with her, except
“
when the action concerns her separate property,” or
“
when the action is between herself and her husband.” The Code, §178. But if for any cause he will not join his wife in the assertion of her rights by action, and give that aid and protection that he ought to do as husband, or, if he is a necessary party to a complete determination or settlement of the questions involved in the action, and his refusal to join in the action appears, as it must do by proper averment, then he may be made a party defendant. If this were not so, the husband might by his refusal to join the wife in a proper action deprive her of all legal remedies. This the law will not tolerate. The husband ought to be the protector and helper of the wife, and if he will not be voluntarily, the law will compel him in all proper cases to do his duty, by bringing him into the action as a defendant. This is so upon general principles, as well as by statute. The statute provides in the broadest aud most comprehensive terms for making parties to actions, and embraces cases like the present. The Code, §§184, 185. Here, the husband is
“
a necessary party to a complete determination or settlement of the questions involved in the action.” He ought, as husband, to join as party plaintiff, but he will not. In such a case, he may be made a defendant. The provisions of the two last cited sections are general, and embrace and apply to all cases touching which special provision as to parties has been made by The Code.
There is no reason founded in principle or policy, why a husband should be allowed, by reason of his relation as husband, for one cause or another, to deprive the wife of the remedies allowed by law. It would be singular indeed, if a wife, entitled
to the possession and enjoyment of valuable real estate, in which the husband has some interest, could not assert her right by action, because her husband refused to join her in it. Such is sot the law, and if he will not join her, she may bring him in as defendant for all legitimate purposes.
We do not undertake to decide, at this time, what are the rights of the wife in respect to the lands in dispute. It will be proper to do so only when the husband is before the court.
As the husband was not made a party, and is necessary as a party, the judgment must be set aside, and a new trial awarded, to the end the husband may be made a party if the plaintiff shall so determine, and the action may be disposed of according to law. Judgment accordingly. Let this be certified.
Error.
Venire de novo.