Mr. Justice Magruder
delivered the opinion of the court:
Mary McClelland and Mason McClelland were the mother and father of the present plaintiff in error, Elza McClelland. The deed, executed on January 22, 1889, by Mary McClelland, the owner of the fifty-two acres of land, and her husband, Mason McClelland, to the plaintiff in error, their son, was a warranty deed, conveying the fifty-two acres in question, and reciting upon its face that the consideration of making" the same was the sum of §2500.00. The real consideration, however, of the deed was, that plaintiff in error should furnish to Mary McClelland and her husband for and during their natural lives, and during the life of the survivor of them, a good home and board, necessary clothing suitable to their condition in life, necessary medical aid, and the necessary services for carrying out such provisions; and that, upon their decease, he was to give them respectively decent interment, and erect a suitable tombstone to their memories; and the grantors in the deed were to have the right to keep their own horse, carriage and harness on said premises free of charge. On the same day, on which the deed was executed, a lease was executed by said Elza McClelland to his mother and father, leasing said premises to them for the term of their natural lives and during the life of the survivor of them, and reciting therein that, in consideration that Mary McClelland and Mason McClelland executed to the plaintiff in error said warranty deed, plaintiff in error agreed to furnish them a good home and board at his own expense, etc., as above stated.
In his report, the special master finds that, under said agreement, plaintiff in error entered into possession of the premises in the fall of 1889, and has been in possession of the same ever since, and has received the rents and profits thereof, and that the rental value of the premises is §3.50 per acre per annum. The report of the special master further finds, that the deed was, on the day of its execution, and in pursuance of an agreement between the parties, placed in the hands of one Nelson Sivwright to be held by him unrecorded until the death of both of the grantors; that, on December 24, 1892, said Sivwright, at the request of Mary McClelland and with the knowledge of the plaintiff in error, but without the knowledge or consent of ’Mason McClelland, caused the deed to be recorded in the recorder’s office of DeKalb county; that Mary McClelland died on June 5,1894, testate, and leaving a will, in which she made her husband her sole devisee and executor; that the plaintiff in error before December 24, 1892, or January 1, 1893, furnished his mother board, and medical aid, and services, and clothes suitable to her condition in life; and after her death gave her decent burial, and had made arrangement for a monument to be erected on her grave; but that the plaintiff in error did not, in accordance with his agreement, furnish his father, Mason McClelland, with sufficient clothes, and was not willing that his father should make his home on the premises with his wife, and ordered his father, Mason McClelland, to leave the same, and told him that he would not have his horse upon the premises. The master finds in his report, that plaintiff in error did not furnish either Mary McClelland or Mason McClelland a good home after January 1, 1893; that he refused to permit their children to visit them at their home, and used abusive and profane language to them, and at a time when his mother was sick; that he used vulgar and profane language in their presence, and rendered their home so unpleasant, that on December 2,1893, they removed therefrom, and went to the home of their son, James McClelland, where the mother died as above stated; that after December 2, 1893, plaintiff in error in no way contributed to the support of either Mary McClelland or Mason Mc-Clelland, except to furnish some underclothing for his mother, but he furnished medical aid and paid the funeral expenses". The special master in his report found the equities in the case to be with the complainants, and that the deed dated January 22, 1889, should be set aside and declared void. The master also found-in his report that, when said conveyance was executed to the plaintiff in error, there was a mortgage upon the premises; that the conveyance was not made subject to the mortg'age; that complainants never paid the mortg'age or any part thereof; that the plaintiff in error paid $275.00 upon the said mortg'age; that plaintiff in error paid certain specified amounts for funeral expenses of his mother, and for a monument to her memory, and for medical treatment during her last sickness.
While there is much conflict in the testimony in the present case, we are not prepared to say that the findings made by the court below are not sustained by the evidence. Some of the witnesses, testifying in behalf of the plaintiff in error, state that his conduct towards his mother was unobjectionable, so far as they observed it. It would appear, however, that his kindness to her was for the most part prior to the time when the deed in question was filed for record, to-wit, on December 24, 1892. Prior to this time, to-wit, on August 16, 1892, his father left the premises, and remained away until January, 1893, but returned in January, 1893, and remained until December 2, 1893, when both he and his wife were obliged to leave the premises. The conviction forced upon the mind by reading the testimony is, that the conduct of the plaintiff in error towards his mother changed after she had directed the custodian of the deed to record it. Mason McClelland, defendant in error, had dower and a homestead right in the premises. The recording of the deed was without his consent. Viewing the testimony of the witnesses, so far as it is favorable to the plaintiff in error, as having" relation to occurrences which preceded the recording of the deed, we are of the opinion that the findings of the siDecial master and the decree of the court below are sustained by the testimony, so far as it relates to the conduct of the plaintiff in error after the recording of .the deed. The case, therefore, is one where an aged father and mother deeded to their son their homestead farm in consideration of his furnishing them a home and support during the remainder of their lives respectively. The evidence shows, that he did not keep his agreement with them in this regard, but.treated them with such unkindness as to force them to leave their home. Under these circumstances, it is well settled by the decisions of this court that a bill will lie to set aside a deed executed for such a consideration.
In Frazier v. Miller, 16 Ill. 48, where one Miller and his wife conveyed all Ins real and personal property to one Frazier upon condition that Frazier should support and take care of Miller and his wife during their lives; and Frazier gave a bond to that effect, which he subsequently obtained possession of and withheld from Miller; and where Frazier did not perform his obligation, but greatly maltreated Miller and his wife; it was held that Miller might proceed in chancery to have the conveyance rescinded, and obtain other relief, etc. In the Frazier case it was urged, that there was a remedy at law for the recovery of damages upon the bond given, but the court held that an action on the bond was inadequate to furnish such relief as the party injured was entitled to have.
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Mr. Justice Magruder
delivered the opinion of the court:
Mary McClelland and Mason McClelland were the mother and father of the present plaintiff in error, Elza McClelland. The deed, executed on January 22, 1889, by Mary McClelland, the owner of the fifty-two acres of land, and her husband, Mason McClelland, to the plaintiff in error, their son, was a warranty deed, conveying the fifty-two acres in question, and reciting upon its face that the consideration of making" the same was the sum of §2500.00. The real consideration, however, of the deed was, that plaintiff in error should furnish to Mary McClelland and her husband for and during their natural lives, and during the life of the survivor of them, a good home and board, necessary clothing suitable to their condition in life, necessary medical aid, and the necessary services for carrying out such provisions; and that, upon their decease, he was to give them respectively decent interment, and erect a suitable tombstone to their memories; and the grantors in the deed were to have the right to keep their own horse, carriage and harness on said premises free of charge. On the same day, on which the deed was executed, a lease was executed by said Elza McClelland to his mother and father, leasing said premises to them for the term of their natural lives and during the life of the survivor of them, and reciting therein that, in consideration that Mary McClelland and Mason McClelland executed to the plaintiff in error said warranty deed, plaintiff in error agreed to furnish them a good home and board at his own expense, etc., as above stated.
In his report, the special master finds that, under said agreement, plaintiff in error entered into possession of the premises in the fall of 1889, and has been in possession of the same ever since, and has received the rents and profits thereof, and that the rental value of the premises is §3.50 per acre per annum. The report of the special master further finds, that the deed was, on the day of its execution, and in pursuance of an agreement between the parties, placed in the hands of one Nelson Sivwright to be held by him unrecorded until the death of both of the grantors; that, on December 24, 1892, said Sivwright, at the request of Mary McClelland and with the knowledge of the plaintiff in error, but without the knowledge or consent of ’Mason McClelland, caused the deed to be recorded in the recorder’s office of DeKalb county; that Mary McClelland died on June 5,1894, testate, and leaving a will, in which she made her husband her sole devisee and executor; that the plaintiff in error before December 24, 1892, or January 1, 1893, furnished his mother board, and medical aid, and services, and clothes suitable to her condition in life; and after her death gave her decent burial, and had made arrangement for a monument to be erected on her grave; but that the plaintiff in error did not, in accordance with his agreement, furnish his father, Mason McClelland, with sufficient clothes, and was not willing that his father should make his home on the premises with his wife, and ordered his father, Mason McClelland, to leave the same, and told him that he would not have his horse upon the premises. The master finds in his report, that plaintiff in error did not furnish either Mary McClelland or Mason McClelland a good home after January 1, 1893; that he refused to permit their children to visit them at their home, and used abusive and profane language to them, and at a time when his mother was sick; that he used vulgar and profane language in their presence, and rendered their home so unpleasant, that on December 2,1893, they removed therefrom, and went to the home of their son, James McClelland, where the mother died as above stated; that after December 2, 1893, plaintiff in error in no way contributed to the support of either Mary McClelland or Mason Mc-Clelland, except to furnish some underclothing for his mother, but he furnished medical aid and paid the funeral expenses". The special master in his report found the equities in the case to be with the complainants, and that the deed dated January 22, 1889, should be set aside and declared void. The master also found-in his report that, when said conveyance was executed to the plaintiff in error, there was a mortgage upon the premises; that the conveyance was not made subject to the mortg'age; that complainants never paid the mortg'age or any part thereof; that the plaintiff in error paid $275.00 upon the said mortg'age; that plaintiff in error paid certain specified amounts for funeral expenses of his mother, and for a monument to her memory, and for medical treatment during her last sickness.
While there is much conflict in the testimony in the present case, we are not prepared to say that the findings made by the court below are not sustained by the evidence. Some of the witnesses, testifying in behalf of the plaintiff in error, state that his conduct towards his mother was unobjectionable, so far as they observed it. It would appear, however, that his kindness to her was for the most part prior to the time when the deed in question was filed for record, to-wit, on December 24, 1892. Prior to this time, to-wit, on August 16, 1892, his father left the premises, and remained away until January, 1893, but returned in January, 1893, and remained until December 2, 1893, when both he and his wife were obliged to leave the premises. The conviction forced upon the mind by reading the testimony is, that the conduct of the plaintiff in error towards his mother changed after she had directed the custodian of the deed to record it. Mason McClelland, defendant in error, had dower and a homestead right in the premises. The recording of the deed was without his consent. Viewing the testimony of the witnesses, so far as it is favorable to the plaintiff in error, as having" relation to occurrences which preceded the recording of the deed, we are of the opinion that the findings of the siDecial master and the decree of the court below are sustained by the testimony, so far as it relates to the conduct of the plaintiff in error after the recording of .the deed. The case, therefore, is one where an aged father and mother deeded to their son their homestead farm in consideration of his furnishing them a home and support during the remainder of their lives respectively. The evidence shows, that he did not keep his agreement with them in this regard, but.treated them with such unkindness as to force them to leave their home. Under these circumstances, it is well settled by the decisions of this court that a bill will lie to set aside a deed executed for such a consideration.
In Frazier v. Miller, 16 Ill. 48, where one Miller and his wife conveyed all Ins real and personal property to one Frazier upon condition that Frazier should support and take care of Miller and his wife during their lives; and Frazier gave a bond to that effect, which he subsequently obtained possession of and withheld from Miller; and where Frazier did not perform his obligation, but greatly maltreated Miller and his wife; it was held that Miller might proceed in chancery to have the conveyance rescinded, and obtain other relief, etc. In the Frazier case it was urged, that there was a remedy at law for the recovery of damages upon the bond given, but the court held that an action on the bond was inadequate to furnish such relief as the party injured was entitled to have. The ground, upon which the jurisdiction of equity was there sustained, was that the circumstances justified the inference of an abandonment of the contract by Frazier, and a presumption of a fraudulent intent in entering" into the contract.' It was there said, that Miller had surrendered all, home and property, at once, and become wholly dependent upon Frazier for a subsistence and shelter, as well as a house and domestic comforts, and enjoyments of society; and that to be treated with unkindness, harshness and blows, under these circumstances', as a fulfillment of the obligation for a house, shelter, food, raiment and social and domestic happiness, was more than human nature could bear or a court of equity could tolerate. It was also said in that case, that the contract on the part of Frazier was executory, and continued so on his part during the natural life of Miller and wife; and that what might be the cost of a support during one year might, with varying prices, be totally inadequate for another year, so that no assessment of damages could be made to meet the estimate of the cost of their support.
In Oard v. Oard, 59 Ill. 46, where the facts showed that a father, upwards of seventy years of age, induced by the promises of his son to support him and his wife in comfort during the remainder of their lives, conveyed his farm to his son’s wife, and transferred to his son all his personal property; and the son took possession of the farm, and by his continued unkindness and ill-treatment, in about a year compelled his parents to leave and take refuge with another child, it was held that a bill would lie by the father to"rescind the contract; and the case of Frazier v. Miller, supra, was referred to and approved, the court saying: “If the rescission of the contract cannot be referred to any other head of equity jurisdiction, it would be proper to presume that it was made in the first instance with a fraudulent intent.”
In Jones v. Neely, 72 Ill. 449, it was again held, upon a similar state of facts, that the circumstances justified the inference of an abandonment of the contract and a presumption of fraudulent intent in entering into it.
Again in Kusch v. Kusch, 143 Ill. 353, we said (p. 356): “The doctrine is well established in this State, that where one conveys his real estate and property to another person, in consideration that such other person will support and maintain the grantor during his natural life, and the grantee afterwards refuses to perform his contract for such support and maintenance, a court of equity will grant relief by rescinding the contract and canceling the deed." The same doctrine was again announced by this court in the case of Cooper v. Gum, 152 Ill. 471.
It is said by counsel for the plaintiff in error, that the deed executed to the plaintiff in error was a warranty deed, and that there was a mortgag'e upon the premises at the time the deed was executed. It is argued from this circumstance, that defendant in error and his deceased wife were themselves in default in regard to the contract, and that the right to rescind belongs only to the party who is without default. (21 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, p. 77). We think the evidence shows, that the plaintiff in error kriew of the existence of the mortgage when the deed was made to him, and accepted the premises subject to the encumbrance which was then upon it. He has paid certain amounts upon the mortgage, since he has been in possession, without objection, and without any complaint that he was doing more than he was required to do by his contract. In the accounting ordered by the court it is directed that he have credit for the payments made by him and credited upon the mortgage. The result of the accounting will be, that he will be reimbursed for his expenditures on account of the mortgage, so that, by the cancellation of the deed, he will not be injure'd in this regard.
It is furthermore said, that the defendant in error, after the death of his wife, directed a physician, who had attended upon his wife in her last sickness and presented a bill for his services, to call upon the plaintiff in error for the payment of such bill. It is claimed that the defendant in error, by this act, elected to treat the contract in full force. The argument made upon this branch of the case is, that a party having an election to rescind a contract must rescind it wholly or not at all; and that he will not be allowed to avoid the contract as to those parts which work him an injury, and confirm it as to those which are profitable to him. (21 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, p. 91; Harzfeld v. Converse, 105 Ill. 534). This principle has no application to the facts of the present case. The evidence tends to show, that the plaintiff in error was indebted to the defendant in error for rents and profits received by him on account of the use of the premises, and defendant in error could, therefore, with perfect justice refer the payment of the doctor’s bill to the plaintiff in error as a debtor to the defendant in error in the manner stated. Inasmuch as the conduct of the plaintiff in error gives rise to the presumption of an abandonment of his contract and of a fraudulent intent in entering into it, he is estopped from urging* that the defendant in error has elected to keep the contract in force. The right to relief in á court of equity in this class of cases is based upon the considerations already mentioned, rather than upon the right to rescind for failure to carry out the terms of the contract by the opposite party.
Another objection urged in favor of the reversal of the decree of the lower court is, that error was committed in overruling the motion made by plaintiff in error for a change of venue. The petition and notice for change of venue were filed February 27,1894, and nothing was done thereafter in reference to the same until April 6, 1897, a period of more than three years. We are of the opinion,, that, on account of the long delay, the plaintiff in error waived his right to insist upon a change of venue. It has been uniformly held by this court, that a motion for a change of venue must be made at the earliest practicable moment, and not put off until just before the cause is to be called for trial. (Hudson v. Hanson, 75 Ill. 198; Newlin v. Snyder, 78 id. 528; Crane v. Crane, 81 id. 165). It is urged by the plaintiff in error that, according to the showing of the record as vmade on February 27, 1894, the plaintiff in error on that day moved for a change of venue. It may be that, when the petition for a change of venue was filed together with the notice to the other side that the same would be applied for, a motion for such change was entered of record. But it does not appear, that said motion was called up, or that the court was asked to act upon it until more than three years had elapsed. During this time plaintiff in error had appeared before the master and taken testimony, and had proceeded in all respects as though no change of venue was to be insisted upon. It is not sufficient merely that a motion for a change of venue should be made, but the motion must be “pressed.” (Hudson v. Hanson, supra).
After a careful examination of the record, we find no sufficient reason for reversing the decree entered by the court below. Accordingly, the decree of the circuit court •is affirmed.
Decree affirmed.