Mr. Justice Magruder
delivered the opinion of the Court:
This is a claim, filed April 11,1881, in the county court of Fulton county by Thomas McKee, as administrator of the estate of Kate H. Lee, deceased, against the estate of Catherine Dwire, deceased. Catherine Dwire died testate on April 24, 1879, and letters testamentary were issued to the appellants, as executors of her will, on May 10, 1879.
By agreement between the claimant and the executors, the case was continued, until a case between the same parties, then pending in the circuit court of Knox county, .should be finally disposed of. The latter case was decided in March, 1883, and is reported, as The People, for use, etc. v. Abbott et al. 105 Ill. 588. By reference thereto, the facts and questions involved will fully appear without repetition here.
The claim against the Dwire estate was permitted to rest, and no steps were taken in reference to it, until August, 1883, when it was re-instated by the county court, and, upon hearing, disallowed. An appeal was taken to the circuit court, where the case was tried before the judge without a jury, and a judgment was rendered, allowing the claim. This judgment has been affirmed by the Appellate Court, and an appeal from that court brings its judgment of affirmance before us for review.
It is objected, that the county court erred in allowing the claim to be re-instated, inasmuch as the clerk had omitted to continue and keep the case and claim upon the docket from term to term. The order, re-instating the claim, was entered after motion duly made, and ten days’ notice of such motion, duly served upon the executors. The executors must have had notice of the original filing of the claim, as they agreed to a postjDonement-of its consideration, until after the determination of the Knox county case. The claim, having been filed in time, it made no difference whether the clerk kept it on the docket or not, so long as there was no order in any manner disposing of it. UjDon the authority of Barbero v. Thurman, 49 Ill. 283, the objection to its re-instatement is not well taken.
In The People, etc. v. Abbott et al. supra, this court intimated, that the real party in interest in the prosecution of the claim was Henry K. Lee, the appellee herein, and not Thomas McKee, administrator. Accordingly, after the cause was reinstated, the county court, upon application for that purpose and after due notice, permitted an amendment to be made, substituting the name of appellee, as plaintiff, in the place of that of McKee, administrator. It is charged, that this amendment was improper; that its allowance amounted to the filing of a new claim by a new party, after the two years, limited for the filing of claims, had expired, and that, therefore, the circuit court erred in directing the judgment in appellee’s favor to be paid out of the assets of the estate in due course of administration, instead of directing it to be paid out of subsequently discovered or non-inventoried assets.
Section 23 of the Practice act permits' amendments, “introducing any party necessary to he joined as plaintiff,” and in any matter, that “may enable the plaintiff to sustain the action for the claim, for which it was intended to be brought, ” and provides, that “the adjudication of the court, allowing an amendment shall be conclusive evidence of the identity of the action. ” (Starr & C. Stat. chap. 110, page 1787.) In this case, the amendment did not make a new cause of action. .The claim, as originally filed, was for the amounts of certain notes and other property, turned over by appellee to Mrs. Dwire in her lifetime. After the substitution of appellee’s name, the claim was still for the same notes and property. April 11, 1881, the day on which it was filed, was within the two years. Where no new cause of action is introduced, courts will allow amendments liberally for the purpose of avoiding the running of the statute. We think that the amendment was properly allowed on the authority of the following cases: McDowell v. Town, 90 Ill. 359; Litchfield Coal Co. v. Taylor, 81 id. 590; Teutonia Life Ins. Co. v. Mueller, 77 id. 22; Challenor v. Niles, 78 id. 78.
It "is said, that the judgment of the circuit court is erroneous in not determining the class, to which appellee’s claim belongs, in accordance with section 70 of chapter 3 of the Be vised Statutes. The circuit court undoubtedly has the right to direct the classification of claims, (Darling et al. v. McDonald, 101 Ill. 370,) but we do not think, that the failure to do so, in this case, makes the judgment erroneous. The statute itself fixes the class, to which the claim belongs, and the direction, that it be paid in the “due course of administration, ” means, that it shall be paid as, and pro rata with, other claims of that class, out of the assets administered.
The claim itself, upon which the judgment has been rendered, is attacked as illegal. Mrs. Kate H. Lee, wife of appellee, and daughter of Mrs. Dwire, died December 21, 1876, intestate, and without children, and being the owner of a piece of land in Iowa, valtied at $1600, and «$14,000 worth of personal property, consisting mostly of notes against various parties. Appellee, her husband, was, at her death, the owner, by inheritance, of all her personal property, and of one-half of her land, together with dower in the other half. In February, 1877, he turned over to Mrs. Dwire one-half of the personal property, so inherited by him from his wife, and executed to her a quitclaim deed of the Iowa land, thereby conveying to her the half thereof, owned by himself and relinquishing to her his dower in the other half, which she owned, as heir of her daughter. There was no other consideration whatever for this transfer from appellee to his mother-in-law, except the following agreement, which was executed between them:
“Article of agreement between Henry R. Lee, of Galesburg, and Mrs. Catherine Dwire, of Canton:
“It is agreed and fully understood between ourselves, viz., Mrs. Catherine Dwire and Henry R. Lee, that the property, both real and personal, belonging to Mrs. K. R. Lee, deceased, in her own right, shall be equally divided between Mrs. Catherine Dwire, her mother, and Henry R. Lee, her husband, said division to take place after all her debts are fully paid, including 'funeral expenses. And it is' further agreed, that in case Mrs. Catherine Dwire should die first, her one-half interest should go' to" Henry R. Lee; and if Henry R. Lee should die first, then his one-half interest shall go to Mrs. Catherine Dwire. We hereunto set our hands, this eighth day of January, 1877.
Henry R. Lee,
Catherine Dwire.”
Much of the property, so obtained by her from appellee, Mrs. Dwire converted into money during her lifetime, and, after her death, the remainder, undisposed of, was inventoried by her executors, as part of her estate. In the inventory, introduced in evidence, the land is not mentioned. Upon demand made of them in writing by appellee, the executors refused to pay over to .him any of such moneys, or to deliver to him any of such property, but retained the same as belonging to the Dwire estate. It is admitted by counsel for appellants, in their brief, that at the time, when the above agreement was made, Mrs. Dwire executed a will, devising all her estate, except her homestead, to the-appellee.
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Mr. Justice Magruder
delivered the opinion of the Court:
This is a claim, filed April 11,1881, in the county court of Fulton county by Thomas McKee, as administrator of the estate of Kate H. Lee, deceased, against the estate of Catherine Dwire, deceased. Catherine Dwire died testate on April 24, 1879, and letters testamentary were issued to the appellants, as executors of her will, on May 10, 1879.
By agreement between the claimant and the executors, the case was continued, until a case between the same parties, then pending in the circuit court of Knox county, .should be finally disposed of. The latter case was decided in March, 1883, and is reported, as The People, for use, etc. v. Abbott et al. 105 Ill. 588. By reference thereto, the facts and questions involved will fully appear without repetition here.
The claim against the Dwire estate was permitted to rest, and no steps were taken in reference to it, until August, 1883, when it was re-instated by the county court, and, upon hearing, disallowed. An appeal was taken to the circuit court, where the case was tried before the judge without a jury, and a judgment was rendered, allowing the claim. This judgment has been affirmed by the Appellate Court, and an appeal from that court brings its judgment of affirmance before us for review.
It is objected, that the county court erred in allowing the claim to be re-instated, inasmuch as the clerk had omitted to continue and keep the case and claim upon the docket from term to term. The order, re-instating the claim, was entered after motion duly made, and ten days’ notice of such motion, duly served upon the executors. The executors must have had notice of the original filing of the claim, as they agreed to a postjDonement-of its consideration, until after the determination of the Knox county case. The claim, having been filed in time, it made no difference whether the clerk kept it on the docket or not, so long as there was no order in any manner disposing of it. UjDon the authority of Barbero v. Thurman, 49 Ill. 283, the objection to its re-instatement is not well taken.
In The People, etc. v. Abbott et al. supra, this court intimated, that the real party in interest in the prosecution of the claim was Henry K. Lee, the appellee herein, and not Thomas McKee, administrator. Accordingly, after the cause was reinstated, the county court, upon application for that purpose and after due notice, permitted an amendment to be made, substituting the name of appellee, as plaintiff, in the place of that of McKee, administrator. It is charged, that this amendment was improper; that its allowance amounted to the filing of a new claim by a new party, after the two years, limited for the filing of claims, had expired, and that, therefore, the circuit court erred in directing the judgment in appellee’s favor to be paid out of the assets of the estate in due course of administration, instead of directing it to be paid out of subsequently discovered or non-inventoried assets.
Section 23 of the Practice act permits' amendments, “introducing any party necessary to he joined as plaintiff,” and in any matter, that “may enable the plaintiff to sustain the action for the claim, for which it was intended to be brought, ” and provides, that “the adjudication of the court, allowing an amendment shall be conclusive evidence of the identity of the action. ” (Starr & C. Stat. chap. 110, page 1787.) In this case, the amendment did not make a new cause of action. .The claim, as originally filed, was for the amounts of certain notes and other property, turned over by appellee to Mrs. Dwire in her lifetime. After the substitution of appellee’s name, the claim was still for the same notes and property. April 11, 1881, the day on which it was filed, was within the two years. Where no new cause of action is introduced, courts will allow amendments liberally for the purpose of avoiding the running of the statute. We think that the amendment was properly allowed on the authority of the following cases: McDowell v. Town, 90 Ill. 359; Litchfield Coal Co. v. Taylor, 81 id. 590; Teutonia Life Ins. Co. v. Mueller, 77 id. 22; Challenor v. Niles, 78 id. 78.
It "is said, that the judgment of the circuit court is erroneous in not determining the class, to which appellee’s claim belongs, in accordance with section 70 of chapter 3 of the Be vised Statutes. The circuit court undoubtedly has the right to direct the classification of claims, (Darling et al. v. McDonald, 101 Ill. 370,) but we do not think, that the failure to do so, in this case, makes the judgment erroneous. The statute itself fixes the class, to which the claim belongs, and the direction, that it be paid in the “due course of administration, ” means, that it shall be paid as, and pro rata with, other claims of that class, out of the assets administered.
The claim itself, upon which the judgment has been rendered, is attacked as illegal. Mrs. Kate H. Lee, wife of appellee, and daughter of Mrs. Dwire, died December 21, 1876, intestate, and without children, and being the owner of a piece of land in Iowa, valtied at $1600, and «$14,000 worth of personal property, consisting mostly of notes against various parties. Appellee, her husband, was, at her death, the owner, by inheritance, of all her personal property, and of one-half of her land, together with dower in the other half. In February, 1877, he turned over to Mrs. Dwire one-half of the personal property, so inherited by him from his wife, and executed to her a quitclaim deed of the Iowa land, thereby conveying to her the half thereof, owned by himself and relinquishing to her his dower in the other half, which she owned, as heir of her daughter. There was no other consideration whatever for this transfer from appellee to his mother-in-law, except the following agreement, which was executed between them:
“Article of agreement between Henry R. Lee, of Galesburg, and Mrs. Catherine Dwire, of Canton:
“It is agreed and fully understood between ourselves, viz., Mrs. Catherine Dwire and Henry R. Lee, that the property, both real and personal, belonging to Mrs. K. R. Lee, deceased, in her own right, shall be equally divided between Mrs. Catherine Dwire, her mother, and Henry R. Lee, her husband, said division to take place after all her debts are fully paid, including 'funeral expenses. And it is' further agreed, that in case Mrs. Catherine Dwire should die first, her one-half interest should go' to" Henry R. Lee; and if Henry R. Lee should die first, then his one-half interest shall go to Mrs. Catherine Dwire. We hereunto set our hands, this eighth day of January, 1877.
Henry R. Lee,
Catherine Dwire.”
Much of the property, so obtained by her from appellee, Mrs. Dwire converted into money during her lifetime, and, after her death, the remainder, undisposed of, was inventoried by her executors, as part of her estate. In the inventory, introduced in evidence, the land is not mentioned. Upon demand made of them in writing by appellee, the executors refused to pay over to .him any of such moneys, or to deliver to him any of such property, but retained the same as belonging to the Dwire estate. It is admitted by counsel for appellants, in their brief, that at the time, when the above agreement was made, Mrs. Dwire executed a will, devising all her estate, except her homestead, to the-appellee. This will was evidently made for the purpose of more fully carrying out the agreement. The will, so made, was, however, found to be missing after Mrs. D wire’s death, and, instead thereof, a will, made by her as early as March 28, 1877, was produced and admitted to probate, by the terms of which she left her whole estate to her sister, her niece and her two nephews. These circumstances would tend to show an intended conversion of the property on her part in her lifetime. It is the will of March 28,1877, of which appellants were appointed executors.
/ The property, delivered by appellee to Mrs. Dwire in pursuance of the foregoing agreement, is the same property, for the amount of which the claim, now under consideration, has been filed. The agreement was in effect a gift of the use of the property to Mrs. Dwire during her lifetime. Chattels may be limited over by way of remainder after a life estate in them is created. Personal property may be so limited by will. The limitation may also be by deed to one person for life, with remainder over to another after the life interest in the chattel has expired. This limitation over in remainder's good as to every species of chattels of a durable- nature.) 2 Kent’s Com. 352; 2 Blackstone, 398; Smith v. Clever, 2 Vern. 59; Hyde v. Parrat, 1 P. Wms. 1; Porter v. Tourney, 3 Ves. 311; Moffatt v. Strong, 10 Johns. 12; Trogdon v. Murphy, 85 Ill. 119.
It follows, that, during Mrs. Dwire’s life, she had a right to use the property in question, or the money realized from the sale of it and from the collection of the notes. When she died, it was to go to appellee; it belonged to him, when her life interest in it ended. Since her death, it has passed into the hands of her executors and become mingled with the property of her own estate. The executors refuse to recognize the interest of appellee in any part of it. The county court, in considering claims against estates, is not limited to the technical legal rights of parties, but may act upon their equities./ Under these circumstances, we do not see why the appellee_has not a lawful claim against the estate. ^
The questions of fact, which counsel press so urgently upon our attention, are settled by the judgment of the Appellate Court, and we can not review them.
The judgment of the Appellate Court is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
Mr. Justice Shope, having partially heard this cause on the circuit, took no part in the consideration in this case.