McCaa v. Hamilton

371 F. Supp. 3d 537
CourtDistrict Court, E.D. Wisconsin
DecidedMarch 21, 2019
DocketCase No. 16-CV-175-JPS
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 371 F. Supp. 3d 537 (McCaa v. Hamilton) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, E.D. Wisconsin primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
McCaa v. Hamilton, 371 F. Supp. 3d 537 (E.D. Wis. 2019).

Opinion

J.P. Stadtmueller, U.S. District Judge

In this action, Plaintiff alleges that Defendants were deliberately indifferent to his risk of suicide on a number of occasions spanning from December 2013 to August 2015. (Docket # 54). Plaintiff filed motions for appointment of counsel on four occasions, and each was denied. (Docket # 5, # 23, # 48, and # 76). On December 15, 2016, the Court granted summary judgment to Defendants in part based on Plaintiff's failure to comply with the rules of procedure applicable at the summary judgment stage. (Docket # 80).

Plaintiff filed a notice of appeal on December 21, 2016. (Docket # 82). His pro se materials offered a number of grounds for appeal but, after being appointed counsel by the Court of Appeals, he pursued only one: that this Court erred in denying his motions for appointment of counsel. More than a year-and-a-half later, on July 24, 2018, the Court of Appeals issued its opinion on the matter. (Docket # 95). It found that this Court had not adequately addressed Plaintiff's final two motions for appointed counsel. Id. It reversed the judgment in favor of Defendants and remanded for further proceedings. Id.

Upon receipt of the Court of Appeals' mandate, this Court directed that Plaintiff file a new motion addressing all of the argument and evidence he wished to offer in favor of the appointment of counsel. (Docket # 96). In accordance with the Court's order, Plaintiff filed his fifth motion for appointment of counsel on August 8, 2018. (Docket # 97). That motion is now fully briefed. (Response, Docket # 100; Reply, Docket # 105). For the reasons explained below, Plaintiff's motion will be denied.

As a civil litigant, Plaintiff has "neither a constitutional nor statutory *540right to a court-appointed attorney." James v. Eli , 889 F.3d 320, 326 (7th Cir. 2018). However, under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(1), the "court may request an attorney to represent any person unable to afford counsel." The court should seek counsel to represent a plaintiff if: (1) he has made reasonable attempts to secure counsel; and (2) " 'the difficulty of the case-factually and legally-exceeds the particular plaintiff's capacity as a layperson to coherently present it.' " Navejar v. Iyiola , 718 F.3d 692, 696 (7th Cir. 2013) (quoting Pruitt v. Mote , 503 F.3d 647, 655 (7th Cir. 2007) (en banc) ). Whether to appoint counsel in a particular case is left to the court's discretion. James , 889 F.3d at 326 ; McCaa v. Hamilton , 893 F.3d 1027, 1031 (7th Cir. 2018).

While framed in terms of the plaintiff's capacity to litigate, this discretion must also be informed by the realities of recruiting counsel in this District. When the Court recruits a lawyer to represent a pro se party, the lawyer takes the case pro bono . Unlike a lawyer appointed to represent a criminal defendant during his prosecution, who is paid by the government for his work, an attorney who takes a prisoner's civil case pro bono has no expectation, much less any promise of compensation.

Thus, it comes as no surprise that is incredibly difficult to convince local lawyers to take such cases. Wilborn v. Ealey , 881 F.3d 998, 1008 (7th Cir. 2018) (observing that district courts "must rely on the generosity of lawyers to volunteer their time and skill on behalf of indigent civil parties"). Unlike other districts in this Circuit, see, e.g. , L. R. 83.35 (N.D. Ill.), the Eastern District of Wisconsin does not employ an involuntary appointment system for lawyers admitted to practice here. Instead, the District relies on the willingness of lawyers to sign up for the Pro Bono Attorney Panel and, once there, accept appointments as needed. See Pro Bono Program, available at : http://www.wied.uscourts.gov/pro-bono-fund.

To be sure, the District is eternally grateful to the lawyers who participate in the Pro Bono Program; however, there are never enough volunteers, and those who do volunteer rarely take more than one or two cases a year. This is understandable, as many are already engaged with representation of fee-paying clients. Though the Pro Bono Program does provide for payment of certain litigation expenses, it does not directly compensate a lawyer for his or her time. Participants may seek attorney's fees when permitted by statute, such as in successful Section 1983 cases, but they will otherwise go unpaid. The small pool of attorneys available to this District for pro bono appointments stands in stark contrast to that of the Court of Appeals, which regularly recruits counsel from across the nation to represent pro se plaintiffs on appeal. See, e.g., James , 889 F.3d at 323 (appointing counsel from Washington, D.C. to represent the pro se appellant); McCaa , 893 F.3d at 1029 (same).

Against the thin ranks of ready and willing counsel rises the overwhelming tide of pro se prisoner litigation in this District.1 In 2010, approximately 300 civil actions *541were filed by prisoner litigants. More than half sought habeas corpus relief, while the remainder were Section 1983 actions alleging violations of constitutional rights. Since then, the number of habeas corpus cases has remained largely steady at around 130 per year, while the volume of Section 1983 prisoner lawsuits has skyrocketed. Some 300 Section 1983 actions were filed in 2014, and another 300 in 2015-each equal to the entirety of the District's civil prisoner filings from just four years earlier. In 2016, Section 1983 actions numbered 385, and in 2017 it ballooned to 498. In 2018, the Court received a staggering 549 prisoner cases. All told, well over a third of the District's new case filings are submitted by unrepresented inmates. On its best day, this District has the resources to realistically consider appointment of counsel in only a tiny fraction of these cases.

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Bluebook (online)
371 F. Supp. 3d 537, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/mccaa-v-hamilton-wied-2019.