McBrain v. State

1988 OK CR 261, 764 P.2d 905, 1988 Okla. Crim. App. LEXIS 274, 1988 WL 122545
Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma·Decided November 10, 1988·No. F-87-576·Published·Cited by 14 cases

Opinions

OPINION

BUSSEY, Judge:

Kirk Warren McBrain, appellant, was tried by jury for the crime of Escape in violation of 21 O.S.1981, § 443, in case No. CRF-87-43 in the District Court of Garfield County. Appellant was represented by counsel. The jury returned a verdict of guilty and set punishment at seven (7) years imprisonment. The trial court sentenced appellant in accordance with the jury’s verdict. From this judgment and sentence, appellant appeals to this Court.

On January 1, 1985, Deputy M.H. Walti-meyer conducted a check on a prisoner of the Kay County Jail, Donald Honeycutt. After calling Honeycutt’s name and receiving no response, another inmate informed Deputy Waltimeyer that Honeycutt and two other men, including the appellant, were not there. Deputy Waltimeyer immediately alerted the sheriff. A subsequent investigation revealed that the three men had cut a hole through the back wall of the cell. Discarded clothing, rope and a ladder were discovered outside the jail.

The original trial in this case was held on January 20, 1987. However, during voir [907]*907dire certain statements were made by potential jurors which led the trial court to grant a motion for mistrial and order a change of venue to Garfield County. The new trial began in Garfield County on February 2, 1987.

In his first assignment of error, the appellant claims that the trial court erred in allowing the State to present evidence as to the specific criminal charges for which the appellant was incarcerated at the time of his escape.

Prior to the beginning of the first trial on January 20,1987, the appellant and the State entered into a stipulation, upon which the trial court accepted, on the fact that the appellant was properly being held and awaiting trial on felony charges and that no bond had been posted. The stipulation was used to avoid informing the jury of the specific charges for which the appellant was being held. However, at the trial on February 2, 1987, the prosecution informed the appellant that it refused to abide by the previous stipulation. After numerous hearings, the trial court refused to force the prior stipulation upon the State. Appellant asserts that the State was bound by its prior stipulation.

Appellant cites Nanonka v. Hoskins, 645 P.2d 507, 508 (Okla.1982), for the rule that a stipulation admitting or agreeing to certain facts for the purpose of trial is binding and conclusive on the parties during the progress of the trial and on appeal. However, appellant has cited no authority for his proposition that a stipulation is binding upon the parties at a second trial, after the first trial ended in a mistrial. After a review of the record, we find no error in the trial court permitting the State to withdraw from the stipulation entered into at the first trial.

Appellant next argues that even if the stipulation could have been withdrawn, that pursuant to 12 O.S.1981, § 2403, the prejudicial, nature of the specific charges outweighed their relevance. We disagree. In a prosecution for escape from a penal institution, it is proper to place before the jury the reasons and grounds for which the appellant is legally incarcerated. Caffey v. State, 739 P.2d 546, 547 (Okla.Crim.App.1987). We find that the relevance of the grounds for which the appellant was incarcerated outweighed any prejudicial effect.

Finally, appellant claims prejudice due to the trial court’s failure to grant his motion for a continuance in order that he might subpoena witnesses, after holding that there was no stipulation. A motion for continuance is directed to the sound discretion of the trial judge. Goodwin v. State, 730 P.2d 1202, 1204 (Okla.Crim.App.1986). Although appellant asserts that he would have subpoenaed witnesses to rebut the evidence, the record is bare as to what witnesses appellant would have called or what their testimony would have been. To have properly preserved any error, appellant should have made an offer of proof to reveal the substance of the evidence he desired to present. Without such offer, we cannot determine if the alleged error has adversely affected a substantial right of the appellant. See 12 O.S.1981, § 2104(A)(2). Error, if any, has been waived.

The original information in this case had shown that the appellant, at the time of his escape, was incarcerated while awaiting trial on three felony cases. The first case included one count of kidnapping, two counts of First Degree Rape, one count of Sodomy and one count of Crime against Nature. The second case included one count of Kidnapping for Purposes of Extortion and one count of First Degree Murder. While reading the information to the jury, the State changed the third case, listed as CRF-83-206, application to Revoke Suspended Sentence for the crime of Malicious Injury to Property, to reflect that the charge was a misdemeanor. Counsel for appellant then interposed an objection as to the misdemeanor charge being read to the jury.

Relying on 21 O.S.1981, § 443, appellant asserts that the trial court erred in admitting evidence of his pending misdemeanor charge. Title 21 O.S.1981, § 443(A) states:

[908]*908“Any person having been imprisoned in a county or city jail awaiting charges on a felony offense or prisoner awaiting trial or having been sentenced on a felony charge to confinement with the Department of Corrections who escapes from a county or city jail, either while actually confined therein, while permitted to be at large as a trusty, or while awaiting transportation to a Department of Corrections facility for execution of sentence is punishable by imprisonment of not less than one (1) year nor more than seven (7) years.”

Appellant contends that the statute speaks only to felonies and that it is not illegal for a person charged with a misdemeanor to escape from custody under this statute. The State responds that Section 443 provides three separate situations in which a defendant could be charged with escape from a penal institution:

1. any person having been imprisoned in a county or city jail awaiting charges on a felony offense, or
2. a prisoner awaiting trial, or
3. a prisoner having been sentenced on a felony charge to confinement with the Department of Corrections.

The State asserts that by omitting the term “felony” from the second clause, the legislature intended for this clause to apply to individuals who escape while awaiting trial on either felony or misdemeanor charges.

Where the language of a statute is plain and unambiguous and the meaning clear and unmistakable, there is no room for construction, and no justification exists for interpretative devices to fabricate a different meaning. Anschutz Corporation v. Sanders, 734 P.2d 1290, 1292 (Okl.1987). After careful review of the statute, we find the State’s construction of Section 443 to be closer to the legislature’s probable intent. The Legislature distinctly used the term “felony” in clauses one and three. Its omittance from the second clause surely indicates the legislature’s intent for the clause to apply to both felony and misdemeanor charges. Appellant’s contention that an individual who escapes from confinement, while being held on a misdemean- or charge, is not guilty of any crime is implausable. See Delfrate v. State, 732 P.2d 900, 902 (Okla.Crim.App.1987). We find no error.

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McBrain v. State, 1988 OK CR 261, 764 P.2d 905, 1988 Okla. Crim. App. LEXIS 274, 1988 WL 122545 (Okla. Ct. App. 1988).

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