By the Court. —
Warner, J.
delivering the opinion.
The first question made by the record, is as to the right of the Macon & Western Rail Road Company, under their charter, to engage in the transportation of corn and cotton through the City of Macon, and across the Ocmulgee River on the bridge, by drays or other conveyance.
[1.] A corporation is an artificial being, invisible, intangible and existing only in contemplation of law. Being the mere creature of law, it possesses only those properties which the charter of its creation confers upon it, either expressly or as incidental to its very existence. These are such as are supposed best calculated to effect the object for which it was created. Dartmouth College vs. Woodward, (6 Cond. Rep. U. S. 543.) In Doe ex dem. Carr vs. The Georgia Rail Road and Banking Company, (1 Kelly, 533,) this Court held, that in the construction of Statutes, made in favor of corporations or particular persons, and in derogation of common right, care should be taken not to extend them beyond their express words or their clear import. The defendant in error [225] alleges that the ordinance of the City of Macon of the 12th February, 1849, which imposed toll on any licensed dray crossing the Macon bridge, with a load or part of a load from either rail road depot, to deliver to wagons or to a rail road depot, or with cotton or other loading from wagons to deliver to a rail road depot, is illegal and void, and that the plaintiffs in error were collecting tolls from him illegally under that ordinance. It is said, the complainant below does not allege he is engaged in the business of draying corn and cotton across the bridge, but that he causes the same to be carried across the Ocmulgee River on the bridge, for the accommodation of his customers. The ordinance, it will be perceived, only levies toll on licensed drays crossing the bridge with cotton and other loading, and the question very naturally arises, that if the complainant is not, either by himself or agents, engaged in the business of transporting cotton and other loading across the bridge at Macon, with licensed drays, how his rights are affected by the ordinance of 1849, which expressly imposes the toll on such vehicles and none other ?
The complainant alleges, that the defendants are collecting toll from him under the ordinance of 1849, illegally, for the corn and cotton which he causes to be transported across the bridge for the benefit of his customers, '.faking into view the ordinance, and that the complaint is that tolls are exacted from the complainant under it, for causing com and cotton to be transported across the bridge, the conclusion is irresistible to our minds, that the complainant causes the corn and cotton to be carried across the bridge on licensed drays, a business which is not authorized by the charter, either expressly or as necessarily incidental thereto.
[2.] The company have, by their charter, the exclusive right of transportation and conveyance of persons, produce, merchandize and all other things over their rail road, from Atlanta to Macon; but the charter is silent as to the right of conveying either persons or produce through the City of Macon, and across the bridge, for the accommodation of their customers or any body else, with licensed drays or any other conveyance.
The ordinance of 12th February, 1849, is, in our judgment, a valid ordinance, and the corporate authorities of the City of Macon had the power and authority to enact it.
[3.] By the 7th section of the Act of 1828, which authorized the sale of the bridge at Macon to the corporation, the corpora-[226] tion was prohibited from collecting toll for any wagon or other carriage loaded with corn or cotton, under the penalty of being divested of all right and title to the bridge, and the same was to revert to the State. Dawson’s Compilation, 397. The tolls of the bridge were, at that time, regulated by the Legislature. By the 29th section of the Act of 1847, to alter and amend the several Acts incorporating the City of Macon, it is enacted, “ That the Mayor and Council of the City of Macon shall have the power and authority to pass all rules and ordinances necessary for the protection and preservation of the bridge across the Ocmulgee River at Macon, and shall regulate the tolls of the same,”
By the 35th section of said Act, it enacted, “ That the Acts heretofore incorporating the City of Macon, together with all laws and parts of laws militating against this Act, be, and the same are hereby repealed.” See Pamphlet Laws, 1847, p. 43.
Before the enactment of the Act of 1847, the State had controlled the regulation of the tolls of the bridge, but when the corporation had paid the purchase money for it to the State, the sovereign authority thought proper to relinquish this power to the. corporation.
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By the Court. —
Warner, J.
delivering the opinion.
The first question made by the record, is as to the right of the Macon & Western Rail Road Company, under their charter, to engage in the transportation of corn and cotton through the City of Macon, and across the Ocmulgee River on the bridge, by drays or other conveyance.
[1.] A corporation is an artificial being, invisible, intangible and existing only in contemplation of law. Being the mere creature of law, it possesses only those properties which the charter of its creation confers upon it, either expressly or as incidental to its very existence. These are such as are supposed best calculated to effect the object for which it was created. Dartmouth College vs. Woodward, (6 Cond. Rep. U. S. 543.) In Doe ex dem. Carr vs. The Georgia Rail Road and Banking Company, (1 Kelly, 533,) this Court held, that in the construction of Statutes, made in favor of corporations or particular persons, and in derogation of common right, care should be taken not to extend them beyond their express words or their clear import. The defendant in error [225] alleges that the ordinance of the City of Macon of the 12th February, 1849, which imposed toll on any licensed dray crossing the Macon bridge, with a load or part of a load from either rail road depot, to deliver to wagons or to a rail road depot, or with cotton or other loading from wagons to deliver to a rail road depot, is illegal and void, and that the plaintiffs in error were collecting tolls from him illegally under that ordinance. It is said, the complainant below does not allege he is engaged in the business of draying corn and cotton across the bridge, but that he causes the same to be carried across the Ocmulgee River on the bridge, for the accommodation of his customers. The ordinance, it will be perceived, only levies toll on licensed drays crossing the bridge with cotton and other loading, and the question very naturally arises, that if the complainant is not, either by himself or agents, engaged in the business of transporting cotton and other loading across the bridge at Macon, with licensed drays, how his rights are affected by the ordinance of 1849, which expressly imposes the toll on such vehicles and none other ?
The complainant alleges, that the defendants are collecting toll from him under the ordinance of 1849, illegally, for the corn and cotton which he causes to be transported across the bridge for the benefit of his customers, '.faking into view the ordinance, and that the complaint is that tolls are exacted from the complainant under it, for causing com and cotton to be transported across the bridge, the conclusion is irresistible to our minds, that the complainant causes the corn and cotton to be carried across the bridge on licensed drays, a business which is not authorized by the charter, either expressly or as necessarily incidental thereto.
[2.] The company have, by their charter, the exclusive right of transportation and conveyance of persons, produce, merchandize and all other things over their rail road, from Atlanta to Macon; but the charter is silent as to the right of conveying either persons or produce through the City of Macon, and across the bridge, for the accommodation of their customers or any body else, with licensed drays or any other conveyance.
The ordinance of 12th February, 1849, is, in our judgment, a valid ordinance, and the corporate authorities of the City of Macon had the power and authority to enact it.
[3.] By the 7th section of the Act of 1828, which authorized the sale of the bridge at Macon to the corporation, the corpora-[226] tion was prohibited from collecting toll for any wagon or other carriage loaded with corn or cotton, under the penalty of being divested of all right and title to the bridge, and the same was to revert to the State. Dawson’s Compilation, 397. The tolls of the bridge were, at that time, regulated by the Legislature. By the 29th section of the Act of 1847, to alter and amend the several Acts incorporating the City of Macon, it is enacted, “ That the Mayor and Council of the City of Macon shall have the power and authority to pass all rules and ordinances necessary for the protection and preservation of the bridge across the Ocmulgee River at Macon, and shall regulate the tolls of the same,”
By the 35th section of said Act, it enacted, “ That the Acts heretofore incorporating the City of Macon, together with all laws and parts of laws militating against this Act, be, and the same are hereby repealed.” See Pamphlet Laws, 1847, p. 43.
Before the enactment of the Act of 1847, the State had controlled the regulation of the tolls of the bridge, but when the corporation had paid the purchase money for it to the State, the sovereign authority thought proper to relinquish this power to the. corporation.
When we take into view the legislative history of the City of Macon, the conclusion is irresistible, that the reservation made in favor of carriages loaded with corn and cotton crossing the bridge, by the Act of 1828, was intended to benefit those who came to the City with such produce for sale in that market, and not those who carried their produce across the bridge to be sold in other distant markets. The present state of things, as connected with the transportation of produce by the rail roads, we do not suppose was ever contemplated by the Legislature, and this marked change in the affairs and business of the City, affords a very cogent reason why the Legislature should have relinquished all control over the tolls of the bridge to the corporation. The Act of 1828, as we have seen, prohibited the corporation from charging toll on any wagon or carriage loaded with cotton or corn. The Act of 1847, expressly gives the power and authority to the City authorities to regulate the tolls of the bridge, and as expressly repeals all laws or parts of laws which militate against the power and authority of the corporation to regulate such tolls. The City authorities have regulated the tolls across the bridge by the enactment of the ordinance complained of, and if the law of 1828, or [227] any part of that law, militates against their right to make such regulations, the answer is, that so much of the Act of 1828 as does so militate against such right of the corporation, is repealed by the Act of 1847. The ordinance of 1849 is a general ordinance, and applies to any licensed dray crossing the Macon bridge, with a load from a rail road depot to deliver to wagons or to a rail road depot, as well as to drays with loading from wagons to deliver to a rail road depot. The equitable right of the complainants or others to use the bridge of the defendants, who are necessarily compelled to keep the same in good order and condition, at their own expense, for the purpose of transporting produce through the City, to distant markets, without making compensation therefor, is not, in any view that we have been able to take of the question, at all apparent to our minds. Admitting the Act of 1828 was not repealed, which authorized corn and cotton to pass the bridge free of toll, and that the complainants come within the letter of that Act; yet, we all know they do not come within the true intent and meaning of that Statute, when it was enacted.
Let the judgment of the Court below be reversed.