Maurice Evans v. Stephanie Dorethy

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedAugust 12, 2016
Docket15-3531
StatusPublished

This text of Maurice Evans v. Stephanie Dorethy (Maurice Evans v. Stephanie Dorethy) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Maurice Evans v. Stephanie Dorethy, (7th Cir. 2016).

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 15‐3531 MAURICE EVANS, Petitioner‐Appellant,

v.

STEPHANIE DORETHY, Warden, Respondent‐Appellee. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 14‐cv‐7018 — John W. Darrah, Judge. ____________________

ARGUED JULY 7, 2016 — DECIDED AUGUST 12, 2016 ____________________

Before WOOD, Chief Judge, and BAUER and KANNE, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM. An Illinois jury convicted Maurice Evans of felony murder based on the felony “mob action,” which led to the death of Daniel McKenzie. Evans argued on direct ap‐ peal that the trial court violated his Sixth Amendment right to have a jury determine every factual element required for con‐ viction. He contended that the trial court should have allowed the jury to determine whether the underlying offense of mob 2 No. 15‐3531

action had a felonious purpose independent of the killing. The last state court to address this issue concluded that the trial court “adequately apprised” the jury. Evans renewed his claim in his petition for collateral relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2254, but the district court denied relief. It reasoned that Evans’s claim improperly asks a federal court to review a state court’s interpretation of state law. We find that Evans’s petition does, in fact, properly present a federal claim: the denial of his Sixth Amendment right to have a jury determine each element of a state crime. But Evans’s assertion that Illinois defines felony murder to include “independent felonious intent” as a factual element is wrong. We thus affirm the district court’s denial of Evans’s petition. Background We recite the facts as found by the state court in reviewing Evans’s direct appeal. See People v. Evans, 2013 IL App (1st) 111921‐U (Ill. App. Ct. Oct. 29, 2013). This case began with a late‐night, gang‐related brawl on a Chicago “L” train. Evans and three other young men were riding a northbound Red Line train at about 2 a.m. when brothers Daniel and Michael McKenzie and their friend, Rob Base, boarded the same car at 22nd Street. Evans approached Michael and asked “who he be” (a reference to gang affiliation) and Michael replied that, although he used to be a member of the Gangster Disciples, he “wasn’t on that” and they just wanted to get somewhere. Evans then asked the same question of Daniel, who didn’t an‐ swer. According to a fellow passenger, either Evans or one of his companions then warned, “Oh, okay. You GD, huh. Yeah, we at war with GD’s. We New Breeds.” A fight ensued. Evans punched Daniel in the jaw, and the men scuffled with fists, belt buckles, and a box cutter. The No. 15‐3531 3

McKenzie brothers and their friend fled the train, but the clash continued. Evans’s group chased the others across the train’s platform. Michael and Rob Base got away, but Evans caught Daniel when he picked up a trash can lid to defend himself. CTA surveillance video, played for the jury, shows Evans’s men kick Daniel and beat him with their belts until Daniel tumbled from the platform onto the tracks. (It is un‐ clear whether he fell accidentally, jumped, or was pushed). Daniel fell on the third rail and was electrocuted. The state prosecuted Evans and his accomplices with fel‐ ony murder based on mob action. To obtain a felony‐murder conviction in Illinois, the prosecution must prove two ele‐ ments: (1) that a defendant “kill[ed] an individual without lawful justification” while (2) “he is attempting or committing a forcible felony other than second degree murder.” 720 ILCS 5/9‐1(a)(3). Mob action, in turn, is “the knowing or reckless use of force or violence disturbing the public peace by 2 or more persons acting together and without authority of law.” 720 ILCS 5/25‐1(a)(1). Evans argued to the trial court that, in addition to the above elements, the jury must also find a judi‐ cially created third element for a felony murder: that he com‐ mitted the underlying predicate felony of mob action with a felonious purpose independent of the murder. Evans pro‐ posed two instructions that, he asserted, would properly ap‐ prise the jury of this additional element: In order for you to find the defendant guilty, you must find, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the acts which constitute Mob Action do not arise from an act of murder, and that the acts constituting Mob ac‐ tion are not inherent in an act of murder itself. 4 No. 15‐3531

In order for you to find the Defendant guilty, you must find, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the de‐ fendant acted with a felonious purpose for Mob Ac‐ tion that was independent of a felonious purpose for a murder. The trial court refused both proffers and instructed the jury using the two statutory elements noted above, from the Illi‐ nois Pattern Jury Instructions. The jury convicted Evans, and he received a sentence of 28 years. Evans appealed but obtained no relief. He argued on di‐ rect appeal that the court’s refusal to allow the jury to deter‐ mine whether he committed mob action with a felonious pur‐ pose independent of murder violated his right to have a jury determine every fact necessary for conviction. Citing Illinois law, he observed that “where the acts constituting forcible fel‐ onies arise from and are inherent in the act of murder itself, those acts cannot serve as predicate felonies for a charge of felony murder.” People v. Morgan, 758 N.E.2d 813, 838 (Ill. 2001). The Appellate Court of Illinois agreed with Evans’s de‐ scription of felony murder. But, the court continued, the trial court properly instructed the jury. The Supreme Court of Illi‐ nois denied review. Smith petitioned in federal court for a writ of habeas cor‐ pus. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254. He framed his jury‐instruction argu‐ ment as a denial of the Sixth Amendment right to have a jury determine beyond a reasonable doubt every element required for conviction. The district court denied his petition on the ground that a federal court may not review a state court’s in‐ terpretation of state law. The district court then issued Evans a certificate of appealability.

No. 15‐3531 5

Analysis On appeal Evans continues to press his Sixth Amendment Claim. He argues that, in addition to the statutory elements of felony murder ((1) commission of a forcible felony (2) that causes death), the Supreme Court of Illinois has added a third. The third element, Evans contends, requires proof to a jury that the defendant committed the predicate felony with a pur‐ pose independent from the act of murder itself. Because, Ev‐ ans continues, the state courts denied his Sixth Amendment right—clearly established by the Supreme Court—to have a jury determine every fact necessary for conviction, 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d) entitles him to relief. The state acknowledges Evans’s constitutional right to have a jury determine each element of the crime, but counters that his argument rests on a misstatement of state law. The state appellate court correctly determined that “independent felonious purpose” is not an element of felony murder, the state insists.

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Maurice Evans v. Stephanie Dorethy, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/maurice-evans-v-stephanie-dorethy-ca7-2016.