[Cite as Maumee v. Hensley, 2019-Ohio-2050.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
State of Ohio/City of Maumee Court of Appeals No. L-18-1205
Appellee Trial Court No. 16CRB00391 16CRB00914 A&B v. 16CRB00992 16CRB01030 Ronald D. Hensley 17CRB00038 17CRB00949 Appellant 17CRB01054 17CRB01067 A&B 18CRB00017
DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Decided: May 24, 2019
*****
John B. Arnsby, Municipal Prosecutor, City of Maumee, for appellee.
Karin L. Coble, for appellant.
PIETRYKOWSKI, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Ronald Hensley, appeals the Maumee Municipal Court’s
consolidated judgment of his misdemeanor convictions. For the reasons that follow, we
reverse. I. Facts and Procedural Background
{¶ 2} On March 1, 2018, appellant entered pleas of guilty to five charges of petty
theft, and admitted to violating his probation in six other cases.1 On March 22, 2018, the
trial court sentenced appellant to serve 180 days in jail, and imposed a $100 fine plus
court costs, on each of the charges of petty theft. The trial court also imposed the
remaining jail sentence in each of the cases for which he was on probation, resulting in
sentences of 13 days, 43 days, 13 days, 43 days, 118 days, and 118 days respectively.
The trial court then ordered all of the sentences to be served consecutively, for a total jail
term of 1,248 days.
II. Assignments of Error
{¶ 3} Appellant has timely appealed the consolidated judgments of the trial court,
and now asserts three assignments of error for our review:
1 The following cases are the subjects of this appeal:
Case No. 17CRB00949, petty theft; Case No. 17CRB01067(A), petty theft; Case No. 17CRB01067(B), petty theft; Case No. 17CRB01054, petty theft; Case No. 18CRB00017, petty theft; Case No. 16CRB00391, probation violation Case No. 16CRB00914(A), probation violation Case No. 16CRB00914(B), probation violation Case No. 17CRB00038, probation violation Case No. 16CRB01030, probation violation Case No. 16CRB00992, probation violation
2. 1. Hensley’s sentence of 1,248 days of incarceration for petty theft
convictions is contrary to law and an abuse of discretion.
2. The fine of $500 for petty theft is excessive and an abuse of
discretion when appellant is indigent and homeless.
3. Trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance of counsel by failing
to object to the sentence and the fines and costs imposed.
III. Analysis
{¶ 4} We review misdemeanor sentences for an abuse of discretion. State / Div. of
Wildlife v. Coll, 2017-Ohio-7270, 96 N.E.3d 947, ¶ 23 (6th Dist.).
{¶ 5} In his first assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court abused its
discretion when it sentenced him to 1,248 days in jail in contravention of R.C.
2929.41(B)(1), which provides, in pertinent part, “When consecutive sentences are
imposed for misdemeanor under this division, the term to be served is the aggregate of
the consecutive terms imposed, except that the aggregate term to be served shall not
exceed eighteen months.” (Emphasis added.). The state concedes error in this regard.
{¶ 6} In State v. Kesterson, 91 Ohio App.3d 263, 632 N.E.2d 565 (6th Dist.1993),
we encountered a similar situation where the defendant was sentenced to an aggregate jail
term for misdemeanor offenses in excess of 18 months. In that case, we held that while
the sentence was in violation of the 18-month maximum set forth in former R.C.
2929.41(E)(3), any error was harmless because former R.C. 2929.41(E)(3) was self-
executing, and thus the defendant’s sentence would be automatically limited to 18
3. months. Kesterson at 265. Therefore, we stated that “we need take no action on this
error beyond declaring appellant’s rights.” Id. at 264.
{¶ 7} Appellant and the state now urge this court to overrule our decision in
Kesterson, and instead follow the rationale applied in State v. Cooper, 11th Dist.
Ashtabula Nos. 2015-A-0042, 2015-A-0043, 2015-A-0044, 2015-A-0045, 2016-Ohio-
4730, ¶ 18-21, in which the Eleventh District criticized Kesterson, and asserted that the
imposition of a sentence that is contrary to law is not harmless, and is an error that must
be corrected. Further supporting its position, the court in Cooper reasoned that appellate
courts do not have the authority to enter a “declaration of rights” as a remedy for a
sentencing error, but rather appellate jurisdiction is constitutionally limited “as may be
provided by law to review and affirm, modify, or reverse judgments or final orders of the
courts of record inferior to the court of appeals.” Id. at ¶ 20, quoting Ohio Constitution,
Article IV, Section 3(B)(2).
{¶ 8} Upon careful consideration, we agree with the parties that correcting the
error on appeal is the clearest way to resolve any misdemeanor sentences that violate the
18-month maximum term, and is most consistent with our constitutionally defined
jurisdictional authority to “review and affirm, modify, or reverse judgments.” Therefore,
we overrule Kesterson, and hold that the remedy for a misdemeanor sentence that
exceeds the 18-month maximum set forth in R.C. 2929.41(B)(1) is not to declare the
defendant’s rights, but rather to correct the sentence either through our own authority
4. under Article IV, Section 3(B)(2) of the Ohio Constitution and App.R. 12(A)(1)(a), or by
remanding the matter to the trial court for resentencing.
{¶ 9} Accordingly, appellant’s first assignment of error is well-taken.
{¶ 10} In his second assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court
abused its discretion when it imposed a cumulative fine of $500 and court costs. In
particular, appellant argues that the trial court should have considered that appellant was
homeless, suffering from mental and physical health issues, and has been drug dependent
for decades, and thus was unable to pay the financial sanction.
{¶ 11} As to the order of fines and costs, R.C. 2929.28(A)(2)(a)(i) authorizes the
trial court to impose a fine of not more than $1,000 for a misdemeanor of the first degree,
and R.C. 2947.23 requires that in all criminal cases, the trial court shall include in the
sentence the costs of prosecution. However, R.C. 2929.28(B) provides, “If the court
determines a hearing is necessary, the court may hold a hearing to determine whether the
offender is able to pay the financial sanction imposed pursuant to this section or court
costs or is likely in the future to be able to pay the sanction or costs.” If the offender is
determined to be unable to pay, the trial court shall consider whether to impose
community service in lieu of the fine or court costs. Id.
{¶ 12} Notably, “the imposition of court costs is mandatory, and the trial court is not
required to hold a hearing or otherwise determine appellant’s ability to pay before ordering
him to pay costs.” State v. Rush, 6th Dist. Fulton Nos. F-12-011, F-12-014, 2013-Ohio-
727, ¶ 11, citing State v. Rhoda, 6th Dist. Fulton No. F-06-007, 2006-Ohio-6291, ¶ 13.
5. Regarding the fine, “Ohio courts have interpreted R.C. 2929.28(B) to mean that a hearing
to determine ability to pay is not required; however, there must, at minimum, ‘be some
evidence in the record that the court considered the defendant’s present and future ability to
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[Cite as Maumee v. Hensley, 2019-Ohio-2050.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
State of Ohio/City of Maumee Court of Appeals No. L-18-1205
Appellee Trial Court No. 16CRB00391 16CRB00914 A&B v. 16CRB00992 16CRB01030 Ronald D. Hensley 17CRB00038 17CRB00949 Appellant 17CRB01054 17CRB01067 A&B 18CRB00017
DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Decided: May 24, 2019
*****
John B. Arnsby, Municipal Prosecutor, City of Maumee, for appellee.
Karin L. Coble, for appellant.
PIETRYKOWSKI, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Ronald Hensley, appeals the Maumee Municipal Court’s
consolidated judgment of his misdemeanor convictions. For the reasons that follow, we
reverse. I. Facts and Procedural Background
{¶ 2} On March 1, 2018, appellant entered pleas of guilty to five charges of petty
theft, and admitted to violating his probation in six other cases.1 On March 22, 2018, the
trial court sentenced appellant to serve 180 days in jail, and imposed a $100 fine plus
court costs, on each of the charges of petty theft. The trial court also imposed the
remaining jail sentence in each of the cases for which he was on probation, resulting in
sentences of 13 days, 43 days, 13 days, 43 days, 118 days, and 118 days respectively.
The trial court then ordered all of the sentences to be served consecutively, for a total jail
term of 1,248 days.
II. Assignments of Error
{¶ 3} Appellant has timely appealed the consolidated judgments of the trial court,
and now asserts three assignments of error for our review:
1 The following cases are the subjects of this appeal:
Case No. 17CRB00949, petty theft; Case No. 17CRB01067(A), petty theft; Case No. 17CRB01067(B), petty theft; Case No. 17CRB01054, petty theft; Case No. 18CRB00017, petty theft; Case No. 16CRB00391, probation violation Case No. 16CRB00914(A), probation violation Case No. 16CRB00914(B), probation violation Case No. 17CRB00038, probation violation Case No. 16CRB01030, probation violation Case No. 16CRB00992, probation violation
2. 1. Hensley’s sentence of 1,248 days of incarceration for petty theft
convictions is contrary to law and an abuse of discretion.
2. The fine of $500 for petty theft is excessive and an abuse of
discretion when appellant is indigent and homeless.
3. Trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance of counsel by failing
to object to the sentence and the fines and costs imposed.
III. Analysis
{¶ 4} We review misdemeanor sentences for an abuse of discretion. State / Div. of
Wildlife v. Coll, 2017-Ohio-7270, 96 N.E.3d 947, ¶ 23 (6th Dist.).
{¶ 5} In his first assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court abused its
discretion when it sentenced him to 1,248 days in jail in contravention of R.C.
2929.41(B)(1), which provides, in pertinent part, “When consecutive sentences are
imposed for misdemeanor under this division, the term to be served is the aggregate of
the consecutive terms imposed, except that the aggregate term to be served shall not
exceed eighteen months.” (Emphasis added.). The state concedes error in this regard.
{¶ 6} In State v. Kesterson, 91 Ohio App.3d 263, 632 N.E.2d 565 (6th Dist.1993),
we encountered a similar situation where the defendant was sentenced to an aggregate jail
term for misdemeanor offenses in excess of 18 months. In that case, we held that while
the sentence was in violation of the 18-month maximum set forth in former R.C.
2929.41(E)(3), any error was harmless because former R.C. 2929.41(E)(3) was self-
executing, and thus the defendant’s sentence would be automatically limited to 18
3. months. Kesterson at 265. Therefore, we stated that “we need take no action on this
error beyond declaring appellant’s rights.” Id. at 264.
{¶ 7} Appellant and the state now urge this court to overrule our decision in
Kesterson, and instead follow the rationale applied in State v. Cooper, 11th Dist.
Ashtabula Nos. 2015-A-0042, 2015-A-0043, 2015-A-0044, 2015-A-0045, 2016-Ohio-
4730, ¶ 18-21, in which the Eleventh District criticized Kesterson, and asserted that the
imposition of a sentence that is contrary to law is not harmless, and is an error that must
be corrected. Further supporting its position, the court in Cooper reasoned that appellate
courts do not have the authority to enter a “declaration of rights” as a remedy for a
sentencing error, but rather appellate jurisdiction is constitutionally limited “as may be
provided by law to review and affirm, modify, or reverse judgments or final orders of the
courts of record inferior to the court of appeals.” Id. at ¶ 20, quoting Ohio Constitution,
Article IV, Section 3(B)(2).
{¶ 8} Upon careful consideration, we agree with the parties that correcting the
error on appeal is the clearest way to resolve any misdemeanor sentences that violate the
18-month maximum term, and is most consistent with our constitutionally defined
jurisdictional authority to “review and affirm, modify, or reverse judgments.” Therefore,
we overrule Kesterson, and hold that the remedy for a misdemeanor sentence that
exceeds the 18-month maximum set forth in R.C. 2929.41(B)(1) is not to declare the
defendant’s rights, but rather to correct the sentence either through our own authority
4. under Article IV, Section 3(B)(2) of the Ohio Constitution and App.R. 12(A)(1)(a), or by
remanding the matter to the trial court for resentencing.
{¶ 9} Accordingly, appellant’s first assignment of error is well-taken.
{¶ 10} In his second assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court
abused its discretion when it imposed a cumulative fine of $500 and court costs. In
particular, appellant argues that the trial court should have considered that appellant was
homeless, suffering from mental and physical health issues, and has been drug dependent
for decades, and thus was unable to pay the financial sanction.
{¶ 11} As to the order of fines and costs, R.C. 2929.28(A)(2)(a)(i) authorizes the
trial court to impose a fine of not more than $1,000 for a misdemeanor of the first degree,
and R.C. 2947.23 requires that in all criminal cases, the trial court shall include in the
sentence the costs of prosecution. However, R.C. 2929.28(B) provides, “If the court
determines a hearing is necessary, the court may hold a hearing to determine whether the
offender is able to pay the financial sanction imposed pursuant to this section or court
costs or is likely in the future to be able to pay the sanction or costs.” If the offender is
determined to be unable to pay, the trial court shall consider whether to impose
community service in lieu of the fine or court costs. Id.
{¶ 12} Notably, “the imposition of court costs is mandatory, and the trial court is not
required to hold a hearing or otherwise determine appellant’s ability to pay before ordering
him to pay costs.” State v. Rush, 6th Dist. Fulton Nos. F-12-011, F-12-014, 2013-Ohio-
727, ¶ 11, citing State v. Rhoda, 6th Dist. Fulton No. F-06-007, 2006-Ohio-6291, ¶ 13.
5. Regarding the fine, “Ohio courts have interpreted R.C. 2929.28(B) to mean that a hearing
to determine ability to pay is not required; however, there must, at minimum, ‘be some
evidence in the record that the court considered the defendant’s present and future ability to
pay the sanction imposed.’” Rhoda at ¶ 15, quoting State v. Reigsecker, 6th Dist. Fulton
No. F-03-022, 2004-Ohio-3808, ¶ 11.
{¶ 13} Here, the record is devoid of any indication that the trial court considered
appellant’s present and future ability to pay before imposing the fines. During the
sentencing hearing, appellant stated that he had been homeless, was suffering from
physical and mental health issues, and had been drug dependent for decades. There was
no other discussion during sentencing regarding appellant’s education, employment
history, ability to work, or alternative sources of income. We note that, in prior
presentence investigation reports that were included with the probation files, it is reported
that appellant received his GED in 1996, but the only record of employment was for a
few weeks in 2014. A September 2014 report asserts that appellant began receiving $721
per month in social security benefits in July 2014, and that he also received $177 per
month in food stamps. However, an April 12, 2017 report concludes that appellant will
never pay restitution to his victims from prior cases, and relays that appellant is $21,000
behind on county property taxes. Nevertheless, the trial court did not state that it
considered those reports at the sentencing hearing. Nor did the trial court state that it
considered those reports in its judgment entries, instead indicating that it reviewed “the
complete record check” and considered “all factors mandated by statute and rule.”
6. Therefore, we hold that the trial court abused its discretion when it ordered appellant to
pay a total of $500 in fines without first considering appellant’s present or future ability
to pay.
{¶ 14} Accordingly, appellant’s second assignment of error is well-taken.
{¶ 15} Finally, in his third assignment of error, appellant argues that his trial
counsel was ineffective for failing to object to a sentence that exceeded 18 months and
for failing to request a waiver of fines and costs. Because we held in appellant’s first and
second assignments of error that the trial court erred in its imposition of the jail sentence
and fines, respectively, we find appellant’s third assignment of error to be moot.
{¶ 16} Accordingly, appellant’s third assignment of error is not well-taken.
IV. Conclusion
{¶ 17} For the foregoing reasons, we find that substantial justice has not been done
the party complaining, and the judgment of the Maumee Municipal Court is reversed.
The matter is remanded to the trial court for resentencing consistent with this decision.
The state is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment reversed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
7. State v. Hensley C.A. No. L-18-1205
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ Christine E. Mayle, P.J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.
8.