MATTHEW R. MCBRIDE, ) ) Plaintiff-Respondent, ) ) vs. ) No. SD35799 ) Filed: November 14, 2019 FARM BUREAU TOWN & COUNTRY ) INSURANCE COMPANY OF MISSOURI, ) ) Defendant-Appellant. )
APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SCOTT COUNTY
Honorable David A. Dolan, Circuit Judge
REVERSED AND REMANDED WITH DIRECTIONS
Matthew R. McBride (“McBride”) brought a declaratory judgment action against Farm
Bureau Town & Country Insurance Company of Missouri (“Farm Bureau”) seeking a judicial
determination that McBride was an insured under his father’s uninsured motorist (“UM”) coverage
pursuant to four policies from Farm Bureau, and that the UM coverages could be stacked. Both parties filed cross motions for summary judgment, and the trial court granted summary judgment
in favor of McBride and against Farm Bureau. In one point on appeal, Farm Bureau argues the
trial court erred in that the applicable policy usage of the word “owned” was not ambiguous, UM
coverage was therefore inapplicable, and the trial court erred in granting McBride’s motion and in
denying Farm Bureau’s motion. Finding merit to Farm Bureau’s point, we reverse and remand
with directions to enter judgment in favor of Farm Bureau in accord with this opinion.
Facts and Procedural History
We recite the record in accord with the operative uncontested facts from the summary
judgment record, and view the reasonable inferences available therefrom in the light most
favorable to Farm Bureau (i.e., the party against whom summary judgment was entered). See ITT
Commercial Fin. Corp. v. Mid-America Marine Supply Corp., 854 S.W.2d 371, 376 (Mo. banc
1993).
McBride lived with his father, Jeffrey McBride, in Benton, Missouri. Father is the named
insured of a motor vehicle insurance policy (hereinafter “the Policy”), issued by Farm Bureau
effective August 14, 2017 to February 14, 2018. The Policy covers four separate motor vehicles,
(a 2006 Dodge Ram Pickup, a 2014 Dodge Dart, a 2012 Nissan Sentra, and a 2005 Chrysler 300),
and each vehicle listed under the Policy has its own declarations page.
On or about August 25, 2017, Auston Colgan operated a Jeep that was involved in a motor
vehicle crash. McBride was a passenger in the Jeep at the time of the crash, and sustained injuries
resulting in medical expenses exceeding $116,000. At the time of the crash, Colgan’s Jeep was
not covered by a policy of motor vehicle liability insurance.
2 As relevant here, the Farm Bureau policies at issue recited as follows:
PART C—UNINSURED MOTOR VEHICLE COVERAGE .... Who is an Insured .... 1. The first person listed as a Named Insured on the Automobile Declaration and/or the first person listed as Designated Representative on the Automobile Declaration.
The summary judgment record reflects that “Jeffrey S McBride” is the first-named insured
on the policies.
The “Who is an Insured” section for UM coverage continues as follows: .... 3. The family members of the person(s) identified in 1. above except that any family member who owns or leases an auto is only considered to be an insured while occupying your auto, a temporary substitute auto, a newly acquired auto, or trailer attached to one of these autos[.]
McBride and his mother, Lisa McBride, were listed as co-owners on the title of another
automobile (a 1994 Ford Mustang) covered by another Farm Bureau policy. That policy is not at
issue in this case. McBride filed for coverage under the Policy covering the other four automobiles,
and Farm Bureau denied the claim.
On December 6, 2017, McBride filed suit for declaratory judgment of UM coverage
benefits under his father’s Farm Bureau policies. After McBride and Farm Bureau filed competing
motions for summary judgment, the trial court granted McBride’s motion, and denied Farm
Bureau’s motion. In its findings, the trial court indicated that Farm Bureau’s use of the word
“owns” in the policy is ambiguous, and that McBride was listed as a co-owner on the relevant title,
and therefore “lacks the power to voluntarily destroy, encumber, sell, or otherwise dispose of the
property as the consent and signature of the co-owner would be required[.]”
3 The parties subsequently stipulated to damages in the amount of $200,000, rendering the
trial court’s judgment final for purposes of appeal. This appeal followed.
In one point relied on, Farm Bureau argues the trial court erred in that the applicable policy
usage of the word “owned” was not ambiguous, UM coverage was therefore inapplicable, and the
trial court erred in granting McBride’s motion and in denying Farm Bureau’s motion.
Standard of Review 1
“Appellate review of summary judgment is de novo.” Doe Run Resources Corporation
v. American Guarantee & Liability Insurance, 531 S.W.3d 508, 511 (Mo. banc 2017). “Summary
judgment is appropriate when there is no genuine dispute of material fact and the movant is entitled
to judgment as a matter of law.” Id.
[The reviewing court] considers the record in the light most favorable to the party against whom judgment was entered, without deference to the trial court’s findings, and accords the non-movant the benefit of all reasonable inferences from the record. The interpretation of an insurance policy is a question of law that this Court also determines de novo. In construing the terms of the policy, this Court applies the meaning an ordinary person of average understanding would attach if purchasing insurance and resolves ambiguities in favor of the insured.
Dutton v. Am. Family Mut. Ins. Co., 454 S.W.3d 319, 321–22 (Mo. banc 2015) (internal quotation
and citation omitted).
“The entire policy and not just isolated provisions must be considered. If the policy’s
language is unambiguous, it must be enforced as written.” Floyd-Tunnell v. Shelter Mut. Ins.
Co., 439 S.W.3d 215, 217 (Mo. banc 2014).
1 At oral argument, both parties affirmed that the summary judgment record before this Court is sufficient for our instant treatment, the Policy is properly in the summary judgment record, and the sole issue for our review is the challenged exclusionary language in the Policy. We confine our treatment accordingly.
4 Analysis 2
Farm Bureau argues that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of
McBride in that “Farm Bureau owed McBride no uninsured motorist coverage, in that Farm
Bureau’s Policy clearly and unambiguously extended uninsured motorist coverage only to the
insured’s family members who did not own or lease an automobile[.]” Farm Bureau suggests that
“here, the undisputed facts demonstrate that McBride, while related to and residing with the named
insured, owned an automobile, and therefore, was not entitled to uninsured motorist coverage
under the Policy.” McBride concurs that “the parties are in agreement that the determinative issue
on appeal is whether [McBride] is an insured for purposes of uninsured motorist (UM) coverage
under his father’s policy with Farm Bureau.”
The trial court issued summary judgment in favor of McBride, and against Farm Bureau,
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MATTHEW R. MCBRIDE, ) ) Plaintiff-Respondent, ) ) vs. ) No. SD35799 ) Filed: November 14, 2019 FARM BUREAU TOWN & COUNTRY ) INSURANCE COMPANY OF MISSOURI, ) ) Defendant-Appellant. )
APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SCOTT COUNTY
Honorable David A. Dolan, Circuit Judge
REVERSED AND REMANDED WITH DIRECTIONS
Matthew R. McBride (“McBride”) brought a declaratory judgment action against Farm
Bureau Town & Country Insurance Company of Missouri (“Farm Bureau”) seeking a judicial
determination that McBride was an insured under his father’s uninsured motorist (“UM”) coverage
pursuant to four policies from Farm Bureau, and that the UM coverages could be stacked. Both parties filed cross motions for summary judgment, and the trial court granted summary judgment
in favor of McBride and against Farm Bureau. In one point on appeal, Farm Bureau argues the
trial court erred in that the applicable policy usage of the word “owned” was not ambiguous, UM
coverage was therefore inapplicable, and the trial court erred in granting McBride’s motion and in
denying Farm Bureau’s motion. Finding merit to Farm Bureau’s point, we reverse and remand
with directions to enter judgment in favor of Farm Bureau in accord with this opinion.
Facts and Procedural History
We recite the record in accord with the operative uncontested facts from the summary
judgment record, and view the reasonable inferences available therefrom in the light most
favorable to Farm Bureau (i.e., the party against whom summary judgment was entered). See ITT
Commercial Fin. Corp. v. Mid-America Marine Supply Corp., 854 S.W.2d 371, 376 (Mo. banc
1993).
McBride lived with his father, Jeffrey McBride, in Benton, Missouri. Father is the named
insured of a motor vehicle insurance policy (hereinafter “the Policy”), issued by Farm Bureau
effective August 14, 2017 to February 14, 2018. The Policy covers four separate motor vehicles,
(a 2006 Dodge Ram Pickup, a 2014 Dodge Dart, a 2012 Nissan Sentra, and a 2005 Chrysler 300),
and each vehicle listed under the Policy has its own declarations page.
On or about August 25, 2017, Auston Colgan operated a Jeep that was involved in a motor
vehicle crash. McBride was a passenger in the Jeep at the time of the crash, and sustained injuries
resulting in medical expenses exceeding $116,000. At the time of the crash, Colgan’s Jeep was
not covered by a policy of motor vehicle liability insurance.
2 As relevant here, the Farm Bureau policies at issue recited as follows:
PART C—UNINSURED MOTOR VEHICLE COVERAGE .... Who is an Insured .... 1. The first person listed as a Named Insured on the Automobile Declaration and/or the first person listed as Designated Representative on the Automobile Declaration.
The summary judgment record reflects that “Jeffrey S McBride” is the first-named insured
on the policies.
The “Who is an Insured” section for UM coverage continues as follows: .... 3. The family members of the person(s) identified in 1. above except that any family member who owns or leases an auto is only considered to be an insured while occupying your auto, a temporary substitute auto, a newly acquired auto, or trailer attached to one of these autos[.]
McBride and his mother, Lisa McBride, were listed as co-owners on the title of another
automobile (a 1994 Ford Mustang) covered by another Farm Bureau policy. That policy is not at
issue in this case. McBride filed for coverage under the Policy covering the other four automobiles,
and Farm Bureau denied the claim.
On December 6, 2017, McBride filed suit for declaratory judgment of UM coverage
benefits under his father’s Farm Bureau policies. After McBride and Farm Bureau filed competing
motions for summary judgment, the trial court granted McBride’s motion, and denied Farm
Bureau’s motion. In its findings, the trial court indicated that Farm Bureau’s use of the word
“owns” in the policy is ambiguous, and that McBride was listed as a co-owner on the relevant title,
and therefore “lacks the power to voluntarily destroy, encumber, sell, or otherwise dispose of the
property as the consent and signature of the co-owner would be required[.]”
3 The parties subsequently stipulated to damages in the amount of $200,000, rendering the
trial court’s judgment final for purposes of appeal. This appeal followed.
In one point relied on, Farm Bureau argues the trial court erred in that the applicable policy
usage of the word “owned” was not ambiguous, UM coverage was therefore inapplicable, and the
trial court erred in granting McBride’s motion and in denying Farm Bureau’s motion.
Standard of Review 1
“Appellate review of summary judgment is de novo.” Doe Run Resources Corporation
v. American Guarantee & Liability Insurance, 531 S.W.3d 508, 511 (Mo. banc 2017). “Summary
judgment is appropriate when there is no genuine dispute of material fact and the movant is entitled
to judgment as a matter of law.” Id.
[The reviewing court] considers the record in the light most favorable to the party against whom judgment was entered, without deference to the trial court’s findings, and accords the non-movant the benefit of all reasonable inferences from the record. The interpretation of an insurance policy is a question of law that this Court also determines de novo. In construing the terms of the policy, this Court applies the meaning an ordinary person of average understanding would attach if purchasing insurance and resolves ambiguities in favor of the insured.
Dutton v. Am. Family Mut. Ins. Co., 454 S.W.3d 319, 321–22 (Mo. banc 2015) (internal quotation
and citation omitted).
“The entire policy and not just isolated provisions must be considered. If the policy’s
language is unambiguous, it must be enforced as written.” Floyd-Tunnell v. Shelter Mut. Ins.
Co., 439 S.W.3d 215, 217 (Mo. banc 2014).
1 At oral argument, both parties affirmed that the summary judgment record before this Court is sufficient for our instant treatment, the Policy is properly in the summary judgment record, and the sole issue for our review is the challenged exclusionary language in the Policy. We confine our treatment accordingly.
4 Analysis 2
Farm Bureau argues that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of
McBride in that “Farm Bureau owed McBride no uninsured motorist coverage, in that Farm
Bureau’s Policy clearly and unambiguously extended uninsured motorist coverage only to the
insured’s family members who did not own or lease an automobile[.]” Farm Bureau suggests that
“here, the undisputed facts demonstrate that McBride, while related to and residing with the named
insured, owned an automobile, and therefore, was not entitled to uninsured motorist coverage
under the Policy.” McBride concurs that “the parties are in agreement that the determinative issue
on appeal is whether [McBride] is an insured for purposes of uninsured motorist (UM) coverage
under his father’s policy with Farm Bureau.”
The trial court issued summary judgment in favor of McBride, and against Farm Bureau,
on the basis that the Policy’s use of the word “owns” is ambiguous, in that McBride is listed as a
co-owner on the relevant title, and therefore “lacks the power to voluntarily destroy, encumber,
sell, or otherwise dispose of the property as the consent and signature of the co-owner would be
required[.]”
In Lair v. American Family Mut. Ins. Co., 789 S.W.2d 30 (Mo. banc 1990), an insurance
policy excluded coverage for any relative of the insured who “owns a car.” Our Supreme Court
held that the policy presented no ambiguity, and that the son of the insured was excluded from
coverage based on that language and son’s co-ownership of a car.
2 McBride argues that we lack “jurisdiction,” in that Farm Bureau’s notice of appeal was untimely. We are not persuaded, and as such, we reject this argument and proceed to the merits.
5 After all briefs were filed in the instant appeal, Lair’s holding was reaffirmed by our
Supreme Court in Seaton v. Shelter Mut. Ins. Co., 574 S.W.3d 245 (Mo. banc 2019). 3
Based on Lair and Seaton, we are compelled to find that use of the word “owns” in the
Farm Bureau policy is not ambiguous, and that McBride’s status as co-owner does not vitiate the
exclusion from UM coverage for any family member who “owns” a car. The trial court’s findings
to the contrary were in error and prejudicial. Farm Bureau’s Point I is granted. We reverse and
remand with directions that the trial court enter judgment in favor of Farm Bureau in accord with
this opinion.
WILLIAM W. FRANCIS, JR., J. - OPINION AUTHOR
GARY W. LYNCH, P.J. - CONCURS
NANCY STEFFEN RAHMEYER, J. - CONCURS
3 As our Supreme Court indicated in Seaton:
To “own” a motor vehicle the person only has to hold title to it and may do so in conjunction with other owners. Seaton admitted in her response to Shelter’s statement of uncontroverted material facts Decedent was listed as a title owner on the certificate of title to a motor vehicle.
Terms within an insurance policy do not become ambiguous merely due to the presence of an exclusion. Maxam v. Am. Family Mut. Ins. Co., 504 S.W.3d 124, 129 (Mo. App. W.D. 2016). The insurance policies’ plain language indicates UIM coverage will not be provided for a relative who owns a motor vehicle. Seaton admitted Decedent was an owner of a motor vehicle. Based upon the insurance policies’ plain language, it is clear Decedent did not meet the definition of a “relative” to receive UIM coverage because she owned a motor vehicle. See Lair v. Am. Family Mut. Ins. Co., 789 S.W.2d 30, 32 (Mo. banc 1990) (excluding son from uninsured motorist coverage based upon the insurance policy excluding coverage from any relative who “owns a car” when son owned a car jointly with his father).
Seaton, 574 S.W.3d at 248 (emphasis added). 6