FILED MEMORANDUM DECISION Aug 31 2016, 9:16 am
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), CLERK Indiana Supreme Court this Memorandum Decision shall not be Court of Appeals and Tax Court
regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Ernest P. Galos Gregory F. Zoeller Public Defender Attorney General of Indiana South Bend, Indiana Katherine Modesitt Cooper Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Matthew Grayson, August 31, 2016 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 71A05-1506-CR-649 v. Appeal from the St. Joseph Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Elizabeth C. Appellee-Plaintiff Hurley, Judge Trial Court Cause No. 71D08-1312-FA-30
Baker, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 1 of 18 [1] Matthew Grayson appeals his convictions for three counts of Class A felony
Child Molesting1 and one count of Class C felony Vicarious Sexual
Gratification.2 Grayson raises the following arguments: (1) the trial court erred
by permitting the child victim’s out-of-court statements into evidence pursuant
to the protected persons statute; (2) the trial court erred by denying Grayson’s
motion for a mistrial; and (3) there is insufficient evidence supporting the
convictions. Grayson also contends that the sentence imposed by the trial court
is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offenses and his character. Finding
no error and that the sentence is not inappropriate, we affirm.
Facts [2] Grayson and Heather Smith have two children together: M.G., born August
14, 2008, and S.G., born November 12, 2010. Between August 2012 and
September 2013, Heather was working at multiple jobs. While she was at
work, Grayson cared for the children.
[3] In September 2013, the Department of Child Services removed the children
from the home because of issues regarding lack of cleanliness. At that time, the
children went to live with their maternal grandmother, Lori Smith. Lori
noticed that M.G., who was five years old at that time, was frequently
defecating in her pants.
1 Ind. Code § 35-42-4-3. 2 I.C. § 35-42-4-5.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 2 of 18 [4] On December 17, 2013, M.G. asked Lori if she could sleep with her if she had a
nightmare. M.G. explained that it was not really a nightmare but a “sex
dream.” Tr. p. 262. Lori asked what M.G. meant by “sex dream,” and M.G.
replied that it was “when two people do that dirty thing.” Id. Lori asked M.G.
what had happened, and M.G. told her that “when mommy goes to work and
daddy locks the door and pushes her with his yum yum until she gets to the
couch. And then he puts his yum yum on her hoo hoo.” Id. Lori asked M.G.
if it happened once, and M.G. said “no, he does it all the time.” Id. M.G. told
Lori that she had not told anyone “because daddy told her not to because he
would go to jail for a long time so she couldn’t tell anybody.” Id. at 263. M.G.
also told Lori that Grayson had awakened her one day to watch a “porno” with
him and “when he was done she got to go back to bed.” Id. at 263. When Lori
asked M.G. “done with what,” M.G. said, “jacking off” and made a motion
with her hand. Id. at 264.
[5] The next day, M.G. participated in a forensic interview. During the interview,
M.G. identified a penis as a “pee pee,” “yum yum,” and “dingy,” and a vagina
as a “hoo hoo” and the buttocks as “butt” or “bootie.” State’s Ex. 31. M.G.
told the interviewer that Grayson had stuck his “yum yum” in her “hoo hoo”
and that afterwards, her “hoo hoo” felt “really sored [sic].” Id. She also said
that Grayson made her take off her skirt and underwear and he put his finger in
her “hoo hoo.” Id. M.G. said that Grayson sometimes used “that blue thing
that goes in your hoo hoo that hurts and tickles” and “it looks like a bee,” and
that he kept the “blue thing” in the “secret bathroom.” Id. M.G. also told the
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 3 of 18 interviewer that Grayson put his “yum yum” in her “butt.” Id. M.G. stated that
sometimes Grayson “licks my hoo hoo,” demonstrating the action for the
interviewer, and discussed how the “white goo” came out of Grayson’s “yum
yum” and how she swallowed the “yucky goo” when Grayson put his “yum
yum” in her mouth. Id. Finally, M.G. reported that Grayson made her put
S.G.’s “dingy” in her mouth and suck it, explaining that while M.G. was doing
this, Grayson’s clothes were off and his hands were on his “dingy.” Id.
Throughout the interview, M.G. demonstrated actions with her hands or with
her mouth when explaining what Grayson had done to her.
[6] South Bend Police officers obtained and executed a search warrant for
Grayson’s home and recovered a battery operated power glide razor and the
case of a pornographic movie entitled “I Luv Asians 6.” Tr. p. 360, 370. The
razor was tested for DNA evidence but the examiner was unable to draw any
conclusion from the testing. The forensic scientist was only able to determine
that “[t]here were enough numbers there to say that it wasn’t from a single
source or one individual. There were more numbers than you would expect to
find.” Id. at 402.
[7] On December 30, 2014, the State charged Grayson with three counts of class A
felony child molesting, one count of class C felony vicarious sexual
gratification, and one count of child D felony possession of child pornography. 3
3 The State later dismissed the possession of child pornography charge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 4 of 18 On November 20, 2014, the State filed a notice of intent to introduce M.G.’s
out-of-court statements to Lori and to the forensic interviewer should the trial
court find M.G. to be unavailable as a witness. Following a two-day hearing
held on December 3 and 4, 2014, in which the State offered M.G. for cross-
examination, the trial court found M.G. to be an unavailable witness and
ordered that her out-of-court statements would be admissible at trial. The trial
court reached this conclusion based on the opinions of a psychologist and
several other witnesses, finding that if M.G. were required to testify in
Grayson’s presence, she would “suffer serious emotional distress such that she
would not be able to reasonably communicate.” Appellant’s App. p. 243.
[8] Grayson’s jury trial began on March 13, 2015. At the trial, three of Grayson’s
fellow inmates testified. Erskine Jones testified that Grayson had told him that
he made his children watch pornography and “reenact things together” and that
he had “a razor he sodomized [M.G.] with.” Tr. p. 476. At some point, Jones
and Grayson argued over the fact that Grayson intended to take his case to
trial, and Grayson told Jones that “he would f*ck a hole the size of a grapefruit
in [Jones’s] daughter.” Id.
[9] Quinton Ferguson testified that Grayson had told him that “he was just having
his two kids . . . touch on each other and like lick and suck on each other just so
they wouldn’t be slow learners like the mom was.” Id. at 492. Grayson told
Ferguson that he penetrated M.G. anally with a razor, that he was not able to
“truly” penetrate M.G. because “if it so happened to leave DNA in her it would
be easy to find,” and that he liked to watch Asian pornography with his son
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 5 of 18 because he wanted his son to be a ‘quick take.’” Id. Grayson also told
Ferguson that “he tried to penetrate [M.G.], but he said if he forced himself in
there it would have been obvious because [M.G.] is such a little girl.” Tr. p.
493.
[10] Thomas Hamet testified that Grayson had told him that Grayson “got drunk
with his neighbor one night and he went in the child’s room while she was
asleep and he masturbated over the top of her and ejaculated on her, rubbed it
in with the head of his penis and his finger and then performed oral on her.” Id.
at 511. Grayson told Hamet that he touched M.G. while she slept, that he used
different objects to touch the child’s vagina, and that he had M.G. watch
pornography “to show her what he wanted to do to him.” Id. at 512. Grayson
also told Hamet that he penetrated M.G. “with a highlighter, a sexual device
called a bullet, a vibrating bullet, a pen, his finger, [and] the head of his penis.
He performed oral on her.” Id. at 513. Additionally, Grayson said that “[h]e
had his daughter [M.G.] perform oral on the son.” Id. Grayson also stated that
he penetrated M.G. in “[h]er rear end. I believe that was where he penetrated
her more with his penis than just the head was in the rear end.” Id. Hamet also
testified that Grayson said that “[h]e was using different objects to stretch her
because he says he is hung like a mule, and he was using different objects on the
child. He was using different objects on the child to try and stretch her so he
could have full sexual contact with her.” Id.
[11] During Lori’s testimony at the trial, the prosecutor asked Lori if Heather and
Grayson had ever lived with her. Lori replied, “I’m not really sure on the dates.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 6 of 18 They didn’t live with me long. I got a letter from the internet company stating
that somebody was stealing stuff from the internet. I found it was [Grayson]
and I threw him out.” Id. at 258. Grayson objected and moved for a mistrial.
The trial court sustained the objection and admonished the jury that Lori’s
answer “cannot be considered by you in any manner in determining guilt or
innocence with regard to these charges.” Id. at 261. The trial court denied the
motion for a mistrial.
[12] Following the trial, the jury found Grayson guilty as charged on March 18,
2015. On May 15, 2015, the trial court imposed thirty-year executed sentences
on each class A felony child molesting conviction and a four-year executed
sentence on the class C felony vicarious sexual gratification conviction, all to be
served consecutively, for an aggregate ninety-four-year term. Grayson now
appeals.
Discussion and Decision I. M.G.’s Hearsay Statements [13] Grayson first argues that the trial court erred by admitting M.G.’s hearsay
statements to Lori and to the forensic interviewer into evidence. We afford
great deference to a trial court’s decision to admit or exclude evidence.
Carpenter v. State, 786 N.E.2d 696, 702 (Ind. 2003). We will reverse only if the
trial court’s decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and
circumstances before it or it misinterprets the law. Trujillo v. State, 806 N.E.2d
317, 323 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 7 of 18 [14] Generally, hearsay is not admissible unless the Rules of Evidence or other law
specifically provide otherwise. Ind. Evidence Rule 802. Our legislature has
enacted special procedures for introducing evidence that would otherwise be
inadmissible hearsay evidence in cases involving crimes against children.
Specifically, Indiana Code section 35-37-4-6, which applies, among other
things, to sex crimes involving children, provides that a child under the age of
fourteen is a “protected person.” This statute makes otherwise inadmissible
evidence admissible:
A statement or videotape that:
(1) is made by a person who at the time of trial is a protected person;
(2) concerns an act that is a material element of an offense listed in subsection (a) or (b) that was allegedly committed against the person; and
(3) is not otherwise admissible in evidence;
is admissible in evidence in a criminal action for an offense listed in subsection (a) or (b) if the requirements of subsection (e) are met.
I.C. § 35-37-4-6(d). The statute goes on to explain the conditions under which
the out-of-court statements may become admissible:
(e) A statement or videotape described in subsection (d) is admissible in evidence in a criminal action listed in subsection (a) or (b) if, after notice to the defendant of a
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 8 of 18 hearing and of the defendant’s right to be present, all of the following conditions are met:
(1) The court finds, in a hearing:
(A) conducted outside the presence of the jury; and
(B) attended by the protected person in person or by using closed circuit television testimony as described in section 8(f) and 8(g) of this chapter;
that the time, content, and circumstances of the statement or videotape provide sufficient indications of reliability.
(2) The protected person:
(A) testifies at the trial; or
(B) is found by the court to be unavailable as a witness for one (1) of the following reasons:
(i) From the testimony of a psychiatrist, physician, or psychologist, and other evidence, if any, the court finds that the protected person’s testifying in the physical presence of the defendant will cause the protected person to suffer serious emotional distress such that the protected person cannot reasonably communicate. . . .
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 9 of 18 ***
(f) If a protected person is unavailable to testify at the trial for a reason listed in subsection (e)(2)(B), a statement or videotape may be admitted in evidence under this section only if the protected person was available for cross- examination:
(1) at the hearing described in subsection (e)(1); or
(2) when the statement or videotape was made.
I.C. § 35-37-4-6(e), -6(f).
[15] In this case, M.G.’s behavioral clinician, her clinical therapist, and the
psychologist who evaluated M.G. all testified that M.G.’s participation in the
trial would be extremely traumatic for her. The psychologist opined that if
M.G. had to testify in her father’s physical presence, it would be “highly
distressing” and result in “significant emotional distress.” Hearing Tr. p. 25-26.
The behavioral clinician testified that if M.G. had to testify at trial, she would
“feel threatened, intimidated, and highly anxious.” Id. at 49-50. The clinician
noted that M.G. had experienced a regression in behavior, including defecating
in her pants multiple times a day, when she began attending trial interviews and
“getting ready to be prepped for court.” Id. at 41-42. M.G.’s clinical therapist
also testified that M.G. had begun to demonstrate increased signs of anxiety
and stress when talking about preparing for trial, resulting in severe sleep
disturbances and defecating in her pants. The therapist had observed M.G.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 10 of 18 becoming “very distressed” and sometimes “just shut[ting] down” when
discussing her fears of the court process and having to face her father. Id. at 82.
[16] In addition to the professionals who testified, M.G. was present at the hearing
so that she could be cross-examined by Grayson’s attorney. She refused to sit
in the witness chair and had to be carried into the courtroom by her therapist.
She sat in her therapist’s lap, huddled in the fetal position, and tried to hide her
face behind her hair. M.G. stated that she understood the difference between a
truth and a lie and agreed to tell the truth. Defense counsel began asking
questions of M.G., but abandoned the cross-examination because M.G. was not
responsive. The trial court later noted, “I have never seen a child in the state
that [M.G.] was in at the time of that protected person hearing, and I have been
involved in many cases similar to this one with acts alleged that are just as
egregious and I have never—I have never seen anything like that.” Tr. p. 37.
[17] The trial court heard unanimous testimony of the professionals involved with
M.G. that having to testify at trial in her father’s presence would cause her to
suffer serious emotional distress such that she could not reasonably
communicate. The trial court also observed her behavior in court first-hand
and echoed the professionals’ conclusions based on her behavior. We find that
this evidence readily supports the trial court’s conclusion that M.G. is a
protected person who was unavailable as a witness under Indiana Code section
35-37-4-6 and that, consequently, her out-of-court statements to Lori and to the
forensic interviewer were admissible under that statute.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 11 of 18 II. Mistrial [18] Next, Grayson argues that the trial court should have granted his motion for a
mistrial following Lori’s testimony that she had kicked him out of her home in
the past after she learned that he was stealing Internet service. We afford great
deference to a trial court’s ruling on a motion for a mistrial. Mickens v. State,
742 N.E.2d 927, 929 (Ind. 2001). A mistrial is an “extreme remedy that is
warranted only when less severe remedies will not satisfactorily correct the
error.” Francis v. State, 758 N.E.2d 528, 532 (Ind. 2001).
[19] Grayson argues that Lori’s testimony constituted an evidentiary harpoon,
which occurs when the prosecution places inadmissible evidence before the jury
for the deliberate purpose of prejudicing the jury against the defendant. Evans v.
State, 643 N.E.2d 877, 889-90 (Ind. 1994). To prevail on such a claim, the
defendant must show that (1) the prosecution acted deliberately to prejudice the
jury, (2) the evidence was inadmissible, and (3) the defendant was placed in a
position of grave peril to which he should not have been subjected. Id.; Jewell v.
State, 672 N.E.2d 417, 424 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996).
[20] In this case, there is no evidence whatsoever that the prosecution acted
deliberately to prejudice the jury. Furthermore, the trial court sustained
Grayson’s objection to the testimony and admonished the jurors that they could
not consider it in determining Grayson’s guilt or innocence. A
contemporaneous admonishment is presumed to have cured any error, Gamble
v. State, 831 N.E.2d 178, 184 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005), and Grayson has given us no
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 12 of 18 reason to question that presumption in this case. Under these circumstances,
we find no error in the trial court’s decision to deny the motion for a mistrial.
III. Sufficiency of the Evidence [21] Next, Grayson argues that the evidence is insufficient to support his
convictions. When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence supporting a
conviction, we will consider only the probative evidence and reasonable
inferences supporting the verdict. Moore v. State, 27 N.E.3d 749, 754 (Ind.
2015). In conducting our review, we will neither reweigh the evidence nor
assess witness credibility. Id. We will affirm unless no reasonable factfinder
could find the elements of the crime(s) proved beyond a reasonable doubt. Id.
[22] In this case, Grayson was convicted of four crimes, and he argues that the
evidence is insufficient to support all of them. To convict Grayson of these
crimes, the State was required to prove the following beyond a reasonable
doubt:
Grayson was at least twenty-one years old and performed or submitted to sexual intercourse with M.G., who was under the age of fourteen. I.C. § 35-42-4-3. Grayson was at least twenty-one years old and performed or submitted to deviate sexual conduct with M.G., who was under the age of fourteen. Id. “Deviate sexual conduct” is an act involving a sex organ of one person and the mouth or anus of another person. Ind. Code § 35-31.5-2- 94. Here, the State charged two separate acts of deviate sexual conduct: the first alleged an act involving M.G.’s anus and Grayson’s sex organ; the second alleged an act involving M.G.’s mouth and Grayson’s sex organ.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 13 of 18 Grayson was at least eighteen years old and knowingly or intentionally directed, aided, induced, or caused M.G., who was under the age of fourteen, to touch or fondle herself or S.G., another child under the age of sixteen, with the intent to arouse or satisfy the sexual desires of M.G., S.G., or Grayson. I.C. § 35-42-4-5.
Grayson does not dispute that the ages of all parties have been established
beyond a reasonable doubt. But he argues that the evidence is insufficient to
support the remaining elements.
[23] Grayson essentially makes two arguments: first, he again contends that M.G.’s
out-of-court statements should not have been admitted as evidence. We have
already addressed that issue and will not do so again. 4 Second, he argues that
the inmates who testified were not credible witnesses. As noted above, we will
not assess witness credibility—that is a job for the factfinder, not an appellate
court.
[24] The evidence in the record readily supports Grayson’s convictions. M.G.’s
statements to Lori and to the forensic interviewer, which are recounted in the
Facts section herein, were descriptive and graphic and supported all of the
charged crimes detailed above. See Morrison v. State, 462 N.E.2d 78, 79 (Ind.
1984) (holding that the uncorroborated testimony of a child victim, alone, is
sufficient to sustain a conviction for child molesting). In addition to M.G.’s
4 Grayson argues that M.G.’s statements were not subject to cross-examination and consequently should not be permitted to support his convictions. But as noted above, M.G. was subject to cross-examination at the protected persons hearing, but she was so non-responsive and non-communicative during questioning that Grayson’s attorney abandoned the attempt.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 14 of 18 statements, the State presented three witnesses who testified that Grayson had
told them, on different occasions, that he had molested M.G. in myriad
different ways. This evidence was highly incriminating and corroborated many
of M.G.’s statements regarding the abuse.
[25] Based upon M.G.’s statements to Lori and the forensic interviewer and the
testimony of Grayson’s three fellow inmates, the jury reasonably concluded that
Grayson had molested M.G. in multiple ways, including sexual intercourse,
anal penetration, and oral sex, and that he had directed M.G. to perform oral
sex on her younger brother to satisfy Grayson’s sexual desires. In other words,
we find the evidence sufficient to support the convictions.
IV. Sentencing [26] Finally, Grayson contends that the aggregate sentence imposed by the trial
court is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offenses and his character.
Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B) provides that this Court may revise a sentence if it
is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the character of the
offender. We must “conduct [this] review with substantial deference and give
‘due consideration’ to the trial court’s decision—since the ‘principal role of
[our] review is to attempt to leaven the outliers,’ and not to achieve a perceived
‘correct’ sentence . . . .” Knapp v. State, 9 N.E.3d 1274, 1292 (Ind. 2014)
(quoting Chambers v. State, 989 N.E.2d 1257, 1259 (Ind. 2013)) (internal
citations omitted).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 15 of 18 [27] Here, Grayson was convicted of three class A felonies and one class C felony.
For the class A felonies, Grayson faced a term of twenty to fifty years
imprisonment, with an advisory term of thirty years. Ind. Code § 35-50-2-4.
Grayson received three thirty-year sentences—the advisory term. For the class
C felony conviction, Grayson faced a term of two to eight years imprisonment,
with an advisory term of four years. I.C. § 35-50-2-6. Grayson received an
advisory sentence of four years. The trial court ordered all sentences to be
served consecutively, for an aggregate term of ninety-four years imprisonment.
[28] Turning first to the nature of Grayson’s offenses, their abhorrence cannot be
overstated. He repeatedly molested his four-year-old daughter over a long
period of time, on multiple occasions, in many different ways. He bragged to
his fellow inmates that he had sodomized M.G. with a razor and used a wide
variety of tools and objects to “stretch” her so that he could experience full
sexual contact with her. Tr. p. 476, 492, 513. He forced her to perform oral sex
on her two-year-old brother while he watched and masturbated. He also
ordered M.G. not to tell anyone because he would “go to jail for a really long
time.” Id. at 263.
[29] Grayson’s attorney argues that “[t]he children were not physically harmed and
have a high probability of not remembering any of the facts in the long term,
especially S.G.” Appellant’s Br. p. 22. This statement is troubling in so many
ways that it is difficult to address. M.G. was unquestionably physically
harmed. She was four years old and was repeatedly penetrated vaginally and
anally with Grayson’s fingers and penis, as well as other objects. And to
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 16 of 18 suggest that because the children were of such young age we should lower his
sentence is such an appalling argument that we decline to consider it.
[30] Regarding Grayson’s character, we acknowledge, as did the trial court, that he
has no criminal history. But his behavior with his children is a strong indicator
of his character. He violated a position of trust—he was their father, their
caregiver—to an unimaginable degree. The trial court observed as follows:
While watching [M.G.’s] statement and the…child[-]like way in which she talked about what happened, the lack of shame that she exhibited, that what that told me was that you made this her daily life, that this was her experience, this is what she knew life to be, that this is what daddies and daughters did and there was nothing wrong with it because that’s what daddies do to their daughter and that’s the way it came across in her interview, that was the demeanor she exhibited was that that’s all she knew. And because she trusted and because she loved you and because you were her father, she accepted it as what was right and what was okay.
Sent. Tr. p. 35-36. Grayson committed acts and caused harm that went far
beyond that required to commit the charged offenses. He molested his very
young daughter in so many ways, over such a lengthy period of time, that she
began defecating in her pants and exhibiting post-traumatic stress disorder,
anxiety, and severe sleep disturbances.
[31] In our view, the trial court exhibited admirable restraint in imposing only the
advisory terms on Grayson’s convictions. We certainly do not find the
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 17 of 18 aggregate ninety-four-year sentence to be inappropriate in light of the nature of
the offenses and Grayson’s character.
[32] The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Bradford, J., and Altice, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1506-CR-649 | August 31, 2016 Page 18 of 18