Matter of Marriage of Kollman

96 P.3d 884, 195 Or. App. 108, 2004 Ore. App. LEXIS 1140
CourtCourt of Appeals of Oregon
DecidedSeptember 1, 2004
Docket9904909CV; A118258
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 96 P.3d 884 (Matter of Marriage of Kollman) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Oregon primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Matter of Marriage of Kollman, 96 P.3d 884, 195 Or. App. 108, 2004 Ore. App. LEXIS 1140 (Or. Ct. App. 2004).

Opinion

*110 WOLLHEIM, J.

Husband appeals from a judgment dissolving the parties’ marriage and makes two assignments of error. First, he argues that the trial court erred when it treated Exhibit 48 as an expired proxy agreement. 1 Exhibit 48 is an alleged agreement that allowed husband to vote certain shares of wife’s stock. Second, he argues that the court erred in denying him spousal support. We review de novo, ORS 19.415(3) (2001), 2 and affirm.

Husband and wife have no jointly shared children. Husband is in his mid-sixties and wife is in her late fifties. Husband has an educational background in science, including a master’s degree from Harvard. Formerly, husband taught science at both the elementary and high school levels and was involved in coaching sports. Wife has a high school diploma and, before she met husband, assisted her first husband with running a motorcycle business.

The parties were first married in 1973. Shortly afterward, husband became interested in harvesting and marketing blue green algae products, primarily for human consumption. With wife’s savings supporting them, husband and wife *111 moved to New Mexico so that husband could assist his brother, a scientist, with the construction of an algae pond. However, in 1978, wife took her children and moved to Illinois, and the parties later divorced.

In 1980, husband and four of bis coworkers pm-chased algae from husband’s brother and started a small network marketing distribution system. Husband also assisted his brother with harvesting algae, and they set up a laboratory in San Diego where they began manufacturing algae products for human consumption.

In 1982, husband and wife remarried and moved together to Klamath Falls with the idea that they would begin an algae business using algae from Klamath Lake. Husband’s business relationship with his brother ceased, and husband and wife, along with three businessmen, contributed money to form a blue green algae company called Cell Tech International Incorporated (Cell Tech). Husband designed and built an algae harvester and Cell Tech began harvesting, freeze-drying, and processing algae. Husband also worked with distributors. Wife ran the day-to-day aspects of the business—she answered the phone, took and packaged orders, and managed details.

At some point, Cell Tech began to struggle financially, and it was agreed that Cell Tech would be sold to businessman Neil Townsend. Soon afterward, however, husband and wife decided to buy Cell Tech back from Townsend and go into the algae business as partners. Before buying Cell Tech, on July 19, 1990, wife signed Exhibit 48, which provided that husband would control wife’s voting rights in wife’s shares of Cell Tech stock.

Husband said that he and wife entered into an agreement memorialized in Exhibit 48 due to their working relationship, previous difficulties, and the fact that husband had started the algae business. Husband said that he argued for a 60/40 split of corporate stock but that wife persuaded him that, because Oregon was a joint property state, they should split the stock in half. Husband said that he agreed to split the stock in half on the condition that he would have control of wife’s voting rights in the stock.

*112 Wife argues that, at the time she signed the alleged agreement, Townsend’s lawyers, Cell Tech’s lawyer, and Townsend were at the Cell Tech office and all of the agreements and paperwork documenting husband and wife’s pirn-chase of Cell Tech were set out on tables. Wife explained that “[i]t was one hour before the signing, and [husband] pushed this thing under my nose and said, ‘Sign this or I’m not going out there to sign the other thing.’ ” Wife testified that she was forced into signing the agreement and that she did not think that the agreement would be binding. Wife also said that “there was never, ever a discussion of 60/40, from the day we started this, it’s always been 50/50.”

On August 1, 1990, husband and wife bought Cell Tech from Townsend. Husband served as general manager, chairman of the board, chief executive officer (CEO), secretary, and treasurer of the company. He designed the harvest equipment and assisted with its construction. He also designed the techniques and the process for making algae products, and he produced the algae products. Wife served as president of Cell Tech and was heavily involved with harvesting and laboratory work. Wife continued to oversee the day-to-day details of Cell Tech, including taking orders, packaging, harvesting, freeze-drying, credit card processing, running the computer, and running payroll.

Once Cell Tech began to expand, the roles that husband and wife played in the company became even more defined. Husband focused on network marketing. He recruited distributors for Cell Tech products and assisted them in becoming successful by educating them about Cell Tech products and marketing techniques. It is undisputed that husband is unusually skilled at network marketing. While husband traveled and engaged in network marketing, wife continued to run the company from its headquarters. Eventually, once the company grew bigger, husband and wife were both able to travel and speak with distributors. By all accounts, wife was better with the business and detail aspects of the company. Wife also worked longer hours than husband and was at the office most of the day and evening, seven days a week.

*113 In 1984, husband ceased filing taxes to protest government policies. His failure to pay taxes continued through 1996 and, at that point, he and wife owed approximately $100,000 in penalties and interest to the IRS. Ultimately, due to his failure to pay taxes, husband was convicted of a felony. Because of his conviction, husband decided that it would be too difficult to sell Cell Tech stock if he were on the board of directors or an officer of the company. Husband testified that he and wife agreed that, despite the fact that he could not be officially involved, they would continue to work together, running Cell Tech the same way that they had in the past. Husband also said that they agreed that he would continue to manage the board of directors and the company itself.

At the time of trial, Cell Tech’s sales were decreasing each year. In late 1995 and 1996, Cell Tech reached its financial peak when its gross sales reached $200 million dollars. In 2000, Cell Tech incurred a net loss of $2.8 million and, by the end of 2000, its liabilities exceeded its assets by $7.3 million.

On August 6, 1999, a company called HumaScan entered into a “reverse merger” with Cell Tech. Essentially, HumaScan bought Cell Tech and reissued the corporate stock as Cell Tech stock. The purpose of the reverse merger was to facilitate the public registration of Cell Tech stock so that husband and wife could sell their shares of publicly traded Cell Tech stock and satisfy their debt to the IRS.

On November 10, 1999, Cell Tech sent husband a letter terminating his employment with Cell Tech.

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Related

Kollman v. Cell Tech International, Inc.
279 P.3d 324 (Court of Appeals of Oregon, 2012)
In Re the Marriage of Talik
202 P.3d 267 (Court of Appeals of Oregon, 2009)
In Re the Marriage of Van Riesen
177 P.3d 34 (Court of Appeals of Oregon, 2008)

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Bluebook (online)
96 P.3d 884, 195 Or. App. 108, 2004 Ore. App. LEXIS 1140, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/matter-of-marriage-of-kollman-orctapp-2004.