Massachusetts ex rel. Department of Public Welfare v. United States

15 Cl. Ct. 73, 1988 U.S. Claims LEXIS 98, 1988 WL 58925
CourtUnited States Court of Claims
DecidedJune 13, 1988
DocketNo. 305-87C
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 15 Cl. Ct. 73 (Massachusetts ex rel. Department of Public Welfare v. United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Court of Claims primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

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Massachusetts ex rel. Department of Public Welfare v. United States, 15 Cl. Ct. 73, 1988 U.S. Claims LEXIS 98, 1988 WL 58925 (cc 1988).

Opinion

OPINION

MARGOLIS, Judge.

In this appeal from an administrative decision, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (Commonwealth) seeks reimbursement from the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) for the costs of providing Medicaid abortions during the period in which the Commonwealth was acting under a federal court order to provide the abortions. During this time, Congress had prohibited HHS from funding such abortions. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, finding that the Claims Court has exclusive jurisdiction over the claim, transferred the case to this court. See Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Departmental Grant Appeals Board, 815 F.2d 778 (1st Cir.1987). The defendant has moved for dismissal arguing that the Commonwealth’s claim for reimbursement fails as a matter of law. After a review of the record and after hearing oral argument, the defendant’s motion to dismiss is granted.

FACTS

Medicaid

Title XIX of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1396-1396s, establishes the Medicaid program. Under the Medicaid program, the federal government provides states with financial assistance called Federal Financial Participation (FFP) in an effort to encourage states to subsidize health care for needy persons. See 42 U.S.C. § 1396. While participation in the Medicaid program is voluntary, a state that chooses to participate in the program must do so under a state plan that conforms with Medicaid Act requirements and is approved by HHS. 42 U.S.C. § 1396a.

The receipt of FFP is conditioned on a state’s compliance with federal requirements. HHS advances FFP funds to the state quarterly on the basis of estimated expenditures, and this sum is adjusted [75]*75when, at the end of the quarter, the state reports its actual expenditures. See 42 U.S.C. § 1396b; 45 C.F.R. § 201.5 (1978). The Medicaid Act provides that each state, “as far as practicable under the conditions of such State” furnish medical assistance to those “whose income and resources are insufficient to meet the costs of necessary medical services.” 42 U.S.C. § 1396. Until 1979, courts interpreted this provision of the Medicaid Act as requiring participating states to fund all “medically necessary” abortions for Medicaid recipients. See Rush v. Parham, 440 F.Supp. 383, 389 (1977); see also Beal v. Doe, 432 U.S. 438, 444-45, 97 S.Ct. 2366, 2370-71, 53 L.Ed.2d 464 (1977) (stating that “serious statutory questions might be presented if a state Medicaid plan excluded necessary medical treatment from its coverage”).

The Hyde Amendment

Since 1976, federal law has prohibited the use of appropriated federal funds to reimburse states for the cost of abortions performed for Medicaid recipients except where the abortion was necessary to protect the health of the mother and, in different years, in certain other circumstances.1 This prohibition, popularly known as the Hyde Amendment, is contained in a rider to HHS’s (formerly the Department of Health, Education and Welfare) annual appropriations bill.2

On February 18, 1980, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York declared the Hyde Amendment unconstitutional. See McRae v. Califano, 491 F.Supp. 630 (E.D.N.Y.), rev’d sub nom. Harris v. McRae, 448 U.S. 297, 100 S.Ct. 2671, 65 L.Ed.2d 784 (1980). The district court ordered HHS, on a nationwide basis, to “ ‘[c]ease to give effect’ ” to the Hyde Amendment and to “ ‘[cjontinue to authorize the expenditure of federal matching funds’ ” for medically necessary Medicaid abortions. Harris v. McRae, 448 U.S. 297, 306, 100 S.Ct. 2671, 2682-83, 65 L.Ed.2d 784 (1980) (quoting the district court’s order).

On appeal, the Supreme Court, on June 30, 1980, found the Hyde Amendment constitutional and reversed the district court, thereby making FFP unavailable to reimburse states for providing abortions falling outside of the exceptions to the Hyde Amendment. Harris v. McRae, 448 U.S. at 326, 100 S.Ct. at 2693. The Court further held that “a State that participates in the Medicaid program is not obligated under Title XIX to continue to fund those medically necessary abortions for which federal reimbursement is unavailable under the Hyde Amendment.” Id.; see also Williams v. Zbaraz, 448 U.S. 358, 100 S.Ct. 2694, 65 L.Ed.2d 831 (1980).

In complying with the district court’s order, HHS had continued to reimburse the states for all medically necessary abortions from February 19, 1980, when the district court found the Hyde Amendment unconstitutional, until September 17, 1980, when the district court’s order was lifted.

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts was, for most of the time period involved in this case, under a different federal court order to pay for medically necessary abortions that were not federally fundable under the Hyde Amendment. The procedural [76]*76background of the litigation that led to the federal court order is helpful to an understanding of the underlying issue in this case.

In July 1978, two groups of plaintiffs filed actions in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts challenging a Massachusetts statute that limited the expenditure of state funds for abortions to those abortions “necessary to prevent the death of the mother” and to those procedures “necessary for the proper treatment of the victims of forced rape or incest.” Preterm, Inc. v. Dukakis, No. 78-1653-C (filed July 13, 1978); Baird v. Sharp, No. 78-1637-C (filed July 12, 1978); see Jaffe v. Sharp, 463 F.Supp. 222, 224 (D.Mass.1978), aff'd sub nom. Preterm, Inc. v. Dukakis, 591 F.2d 121 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 952, 99 S.Ct. 2182, 60 L.Ed.2d 1057 (1979). The plaintiffs, who did not name HHS as a party to either suit, alleged that the Massachusetts statute, which was more restrictive than the Hyde Amendment,3 was unconstitutional and in conflict with Title XIX of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1396-1396s.

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15 Cl. Ct. 73, 1988 U.S. Claims LEXIS 98, 1988 WL 58925, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/massachusetts-ex-rel-department-of-public-welfare-v-united-states-cc-1988.