Martinez v. Magnolia Fire & Casualty Co.

650 So. 2d 422, 94 La.App. 5 Cir. 747, 1995 La. App. LEXIS 355, 1995 WL 59754
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedFebruary 15, 1995
DocketNo. 94-CA-747
StatusPublished

This text of 650 So. 2d 422 (Martinez v. Magnolia Fire & Casualty Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Martinez v. Magnolia Fire & Casualty Co., 650 So. 2d 422, 94 La.App. 5 Cir. 747, 1995 La. App. LEXIS 355, 1995 WL 59754 (La. Ct. App. 1995).

Opinion

I iWICKER, Judge.

The main issue on this appeal is whether the Louisiana Insurance Guaranty Association (LIGA), defendant-appellant, is liable to pay a claim under an appeal bond from an insolvent surety company. We conclude LIGA is not hable and we reverse the judgment of the district court.

The appeal arose out of a suit on a construction contract in which there was judgment in favor of the plaintiffs, Joan Martinez, wife of/and Lionel Serigne, d/b/a Serigne’s Marina, against the defendants, Pelican State Mutual Insurance Company and its insured, Shoreline Specialties, Inc. The defendants were cast in the amount of $265,540.00, less five percent for plaintiffs’ comparative fault, for a total of $215,313.00. Pelican and its insured filed a suspensive appeal of the adverse judgment. As security, Pelican posted an appeal bond in the amount of $343,294.98, underwritten by Magnolia Fire & Casualty Insurance Company.

RWhile the appeal was pending, Pelican was declared insolvent and LIGA assumed Pelican’s obligations. The judgment against Pelican was affirmed on appeal. Serigne v. Wildey, 612 So.2d 155 (La.App. 5th Cir.1992), writ denied, 613 So.2d 994 (1993). After the appeal was final, Magnolia also was declared insolvent.

LIGA subsequently paid the plaintiffs $149,900.00 on Pelican’s obligations.1 The plaintiffs released Pelican and LIGA, reserving the right to proceed further against LIGA to recover on the appeal bond. Thereafter the plaintiffs sought a declaratory judgment that LIGA is responsible for Magnolia’s obligation under the appeal bond. The district court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, finding LIGA liable for $114,640.00 on Magnolia’s obligation. LIGA has filed a suspen-sive appeal of that ruling.

The plaintiffs assert that La.R.S. 22:1382 makes LIGA liable for their claim against Magnolia’s appeal bond as well as for their claim against Pelican. La.R.S. 22:1382(A)(2) states that LIGA shall be deemed the insurer to the extent of its obligation on the covered claims and to such extent shall have all rights, duties, and obligations of the insolvent insurer as if the insurer had not become insolvent.

LIGA, however, contends it is not liable because the appeal bond contract provided by Magnolia is surety insurance. La.R.S. 22:1377 excludes fidelity and surety insurance from coverage of the Insurance Guaranty Association Law.

The purpose of the Insurance Guaranty Association Fund is “to provide a mechanism for the payment of covered claims under certain insurance policies.” La.R.S. 22:1376. The supreme court has stated that the provisions of the ^Insurance Guaranty Association Act must be interpreted to protect claimants and policyholders and to advance their interests rather than the interests of the association. Senac v. Sandefer, 418 So.2d 543, 546 (La.1982).

The statute which established LIGA is to be liberally construed to protect against insolvent insurers, but cannot be construed to include as a “covered claim” a claim that is unequivocally excluded by the clear language of the statute. Ursin v. Insurance Guaranty Ass’n, 396 So.2d 400, 403 (La.App. 1st Cir.1981), affirmed 412 So.2d 1285 (La.1982).

LIGA argues that the claim against Magnolia is not a “covered claim” for purposes of the Insurance Guaranty Law because it is exempted by La.R.S. 22:1377(A), which states:

This Part shall apply to all kinds of direct insurance, except life, health and accident, title, disability, mortgage guaranty, financial guaranty, or other insurances offering protection against investment risks, credit insurance, and any transaction or combination of transactions which involve the transfer of investment or credit risks unaccompanied by the transfer of the insurance risk, vendor’s single interest insurance, collateral protection insurance, or any similar insurance which protects the interests of a creditor arising out of a [424]*424creditor-debtor transaction, vehicle mechanical breakdown insurance, and ocean marine insurance. It shall likewise not apply to fidelity and surety insurance nor to bail bond contracts. [Emphasis added.] La.R.S. 22:6 states,
Insurance shall be classified and defined as follows:
******
“(8) Fidelity and surety. ... becoming a surety or guarantor for the performance of any person ... or corporation of any lawful obligation, undertaking, agreement, or contract of any kind, except contracts or policies of insurance; or guaranteeing against loss or damage resulting from failure of debtors to pay their obligations to the insured * * *.”
(Emphasis added.)

“[T]he kind and coverage of insurance afforded by any policy shall be determined solely by the coverage specified and established in the provisions of |4that policy regardless of any name, label, or marketing designation for the policy.” La.R.S. 22:1377(B).

The Suspensive Appeal Bond provided by Magnolia states, in pertinent part:

WHEREAS judgment has been rendered by the 24th Judicial District Court for the Parish of Jefferson in the above entitled and numbered cause in favor of Joan Martinez, wife of/and Lionel R. Se-rigne, D/B/A Serigne’s Marina and against Pelican State Mutual Insurance Company ... and the said Pelican State Mutual Insurance Company, defendant, has obtained on June 27, 1991 an Order of Sus-pensive Appeal therein, conditioned upon the furnishing of this obligation.
NOW, THEREFORE, we, the undersigned, Pelican State Mutual Insurance Company, principal, and Magnolia Fire and Casualty Insurance Company, a domestic surety corporation, as surety, do by these presents promise and agree that Pelican State Mutual Insurance Company, appellant, shall prosecute the said appeal and that it shall satisfy whatever judgment that may be rendered against it, or that the same shall be satisfied by the proceeds of the sale of its estate, real or personal, if it be cast in this appeal, and that otherwise, the undersigned, Magnolia Fire and Casualty Insurance Company, as surety, will be liable in their place. [Emphasis added.]

The trial judge discussed the above statutes in her written Reasons for Judgment, but concluded, “This Court finds that based upon a liberal interpretation of these statutes as required by law that LIGA is responsible for the appeal bond issued by Magnolia.”

We reach the opposite conclusion. The language of the suspensive appeal bond states that Pelican agreed to prosecute the appeal and satisfy any judgment rendered against it, and that otherwise Magnolia would be liable in Pelican’s place. It is dear that Magnolia was acting as a surety insurer as defined by La.R.S. 22:6, for Magnolia was acting as surety or guarantor for Pelican’s performance of its obligation and agreement to satisfy the judgment that was rendered against it. Further, the appeal bond fits the definition of suretyship set forth in La. Civ. Code art. 3035 as “an accessory contract by which a person binds himself to a creditor to ^fulfill the obligation of another upon the failure of the latter to do so.” Under the plain language of La.R.S. 22:1377(A), surety insurance is excluded from coverage of the Insurance Guaranty Association Fund. Therefore, the appeal bond is not covered.

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Related

Ursin v. Ins. Guaranty Ass'n
412 So. 2d 1285 (Supreme Court of Louisiana, 1982)
Louisiana Insurance Guaranty Ass'n v. Watkins
842 F. Supp. 913 (E.D. Louisiana, 1994)
Serigne v. Wildey
612 So. 2d 155 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 1992)
H & H Sewer Systems, Inc. v. Ins. Guaranty Ass'n
392 So. 2d 430 (Supreme Court of Louisiana, 1980)
Senac v. Sandefer
418 So. 2d 543 (Supreme Court of Louisiana, 1982)
Ursin v. Insurance Guaranty Ass'n
396 So. 2d 400 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 1981)

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Bluebook (online)
650 So. 2d 422, 94 La.App. 5 Cir. 747, 1995 La. App. LEXIS 355, 1995 WL 59754, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/martinez-v-magnolia-fire-casualty-co-lactapp-1995.