UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
LISA MARTIN, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) ) Civil Case No. 08-1131 (RJL) GARY LOCKE, in his official capacity ) as Secretary of the U.S. Department of Commerce, ) et al.,1 ) ) Defendants. )
f1,- MEMORANDUM OPINION (September3t) , 2009) [#6] If the factual allegations in this case are true, it is a classic example of how a
heavy-handed bureaucratic overreaction to the somewhat questionable conduct of a
seasoned employee can mushroom into a multi-party discrimination lawsuit in the federal
courts. Lisa Martin ("plaintiff"), a black woman, brings a ten-count Complaint against
Gary Locke, Secretary of Commerce; Douglas Elznic, Acting Deputy Director of the
Office of Administrative Services; Fred Fanning, Director of the Office of Administrative
Services; and Braulio Ramon, former Associate Director of the Office of Real Estate
Policy (collectively, "defendants"). Plaintiff alleges disability discrimination under the
I Former Secretary of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez was originally named as a defendant in this case. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 25( d), if a public officer named as a party to an action in his official capacity ceases to hold office, the court will automatically substitute that officer's successor. Accordingly, the Court substitutes Gary Locke, the current Secretary of Commerce, for Carlos Gutierrez. Rehabilitation Act (Count 1); gender discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights
Act (Count 2); racial discrimination under Title VII (Count 3); racial discrimination under
42 U.S.c. § 1981 against defendants Elznic, Fanning, and Ramon (Count 4); wrongful
disclosure of an agency record under the Privacy Act (Count 5); wrongful disclosure of
medical information under the Rehabilitation Act (Count 6); wrongful disclosure of
private facts against defendants Elznic, Fanning, and Ramon (Count 7);2 retaliation under
Title VII (Count 8); retaliation under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981 and 1985 against defendants
Elznic, Fanning, and Ramon (Count 9); and conspiracy to interfere with civil rights under
42 U.S.C. § 1985(3) against defendants Elzic, Fanning, and Ramon (Count 10).
Defendants have moved for dismissal or, alternatively, for summary judgment. Plaintiff
has conceded that the claims specifically against defendants Elznic, Fanning, and Ramon
(Counts 4, 9, and 10) are improper; as a result, plaintiff consents to the dismissal of those
claims. (PI. Opp. [#11] at 16 n.5). With respect to the others, the Court will GRANT
defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment on the discrimination and retaliation claims
(Counts 1,2,3, and 8) and will GRANT defendants' Motion to Dismiss the wrongful
disclosure claims (Counts 5, 6, and 7) for failure to exhaust administrative remedies.
2 Because the Chief of the Civil Division of the United States Attorney's Office has certified that defendants Elznic, Fanning, and Ramon were acting within the scope of their employment at the time of the events alleged in the Complaint, (Declaration of Rudolph Contreras [#6-28]), the Court substitutes the United States as the exclusive defendant for the alleged tort in Count 7 pursuant to the Federal Tort Claims Act. See 28 U.S.c. § 2679(d)(l).
2 BACKGROUND
Except where noted otherwise, the Court recounts the facts as depicted in the
plaintiff s Complaint. Plaintiff has worked for the Department of Commerce since
1988-now more than twenty years. (Complaint [#1] at ~ l3). From October 2003 to
March 2007, the Department employed her as a Management Analyst in the Office of
Administrative Services. (Jd.). During that time, she also served as the Parking
Coordinator at the Commerce Department headquarters. (Jd.). As Parking Coordinator,
she administered parking assignments for permanent, temporary, and disabled parking, as
well as for offsite car-pool parking. (Jd.).
The claims in this case arise from plaintiffs decision to process a disabled parking
permit for herself. Plaintiff claims that she has long suffered from an arthritic hip
condition that causes severe pain. (Jd. at ~ 14). Following her doctor's advice, plaintiff
sought to obtain a disabled parking permit that would shorten the distance of her walk to
work. (Jd.). Consistent with Commerce Department regulations, she presented her
request in October 2006 to a manager,3 who then instructed her to see the medical officer.
(Jd. at ~ 17). After examining plaintiffs condition, the medical officer approved her
request for a disabled parking permit. (Jd. at ~ 18). Plaintiff then processed the permit.
(Jd. at ~ 19).
3Plaintiff acknowledges in her affidavit that this particular manager was not her line supervisor. (Affidavit of Lisa Martin [# 11-2] at ~ 13).
3 Not long after plaintiff began using the disabled parking permit, defendant
Fanning expressed doubt about her entitlement to it and ordered defendant Elznic to
investigate. (Jd. at ~ 20). Unknown to plaintiff, the defendants monitored her parking
habits, searched her office, and questioned her co-workers in a way that both revealed her
medical condition and suggested she had done something wrong. (Id.). In November
2006, plaintiff lodged a complaint with the Commerce Department's Office of Civil
Rights, alleging that the parking-permit regulations were applied differently to her than to
able-bodied white men. (Jd. at ~ 22). The following month, defendant Ramon
recommended that plaintiff be suspended seven days without pay for "'unprofessional
conduct in improperly using [her] position to obtain a parking permit. '" (Jd. at ~ 23
(alteration in original». On January 30,2007, defendant Elznic approved the suspension
but reduced it from seven days to three. (Jd. at ~ 25). The disciplinary action has since
become part of plaintiffs permanent record. (Jd. at ~ 26).
Immediately after serving the suspension in February 2007, plaintiff filed an EEO
grievance with the Commerce Department's human resources office. (Id. at ~ 27). Six
days later, defendant Fanning authorized that plaintiff be transferred to a different job.
(Jd. at ~ 28). Plaintiff claims that she was replaced with an able-bodied white male who is
paid more to do her old job, and that she was transferred to her replacement's job, where
she is paid less than what he earned doing the same job. (Jd. at ~ 30). Plaintiff does not
allege, however, that her payor grade has been reduced. Nevertheless, plaintiff asserts
4 that her new job is a constructive demotion (1) because her new supervisor has a
reputation for being difficult and has been accused of race and gender discrimination, (2)
because her new job offers less complexity, variety, responsibility, and opportunity than
her previous job, and (3) because her work hours, which once accounted for her child-
care obligations, are now more burdensome. (Jd. at ~ 31).
In addition to her alleged improper suspension and transfer, plaintiff claims
harassment on account of her race, gender, and disability. (Jd. at ~ 33). Among other
things, she alleges that defendants have surveilled her in the parking lot and in her office,
questioned co-workers about her disability and parking habits, searched her office
without her knowledge, enlisted co-workers to spy on her and to photograph her car,
disclosed details of her medical condition to co-workers, accused her of deceit, disclosed
the details of her grievance to co-workers, and humiliated her in an office meeting by
establishing a new policy that was obviously directed at her alleged violation. (Jd.).
Ultimately, plaintiff reported defendants' conduct to the Office of Civil Rights and
shortly thereafter filed a formal discrimination charge, alleging harassment, disparate
treatment, and retaliation. (Jd. at ~ 32). In the end, however, the Commerce Department
rejected her complaint in a final agency decision issued in April 2008. (Jd. at ~ 12; see
also Exhibit U [#6-24]). This lawsuit followed in June 2008.
5 STANDARD OF REVIEW
Because the Court must rely in part on evidence outside of the pleadings to address
plaintiffs discrimination and retaliation claims, summary judgment is the appropriate
legal standard. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(d). Similarly, because exhaustion of administrative
remedies under Title VII is an affirmative defense and not a jurisdictional prerequisite,
the Court must also treat defendants' motion, as it relates to exhaustion, as a motion for
summary judgment if facts beyond the pleadings are considered. Id.; see also Douglas v.
Donovan, 559 F.3d 549, 556 n.4 (D.C. Cir. 2009) (stating that Title VII's "exhaustion
requirement, though mandatory, is not jurisdictional"). Summary judgment is warranted
where the evidence shows "that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that
the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter oflaw." Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). Ifa motion
for summary judgment is properly supported, "an opposing party may not rely merely on
allegations or denials in its own pleading; rather, its response must-by affidavits or as
otherwise provided in this rule-set out specific facts showing a genuine issue for trial."
Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e). To the extent that the non-moving party offers evidence in
response, that evidence "is to be believed, and all justifiable inferences are to be drawn in
[the non-movant's] favor." Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 255 (1986).
Under the Federal Tort Claims Act ("FTCA"), the Privacy Act, and the
Rehabilitation Act, however, exhaustion of administrative remedies is a jurisdictional
requirement. GAF Corp. v. United States, 818 F.2d 901,905 (D.C. Cir. 1987) (Federal
6 Tort Claims Act); Kursar v. Transp. Sec. Admin., 581 F. Supp. 2d 7, 18 (D.D.C. 2008)
(Privacy Act); Spinelli v. Goss, 446 F.3d 159, 162 (D.C. Cir. 2006) (Rehabilitation Act).
Therefore, Rule 12(b)(1) applies. A court may resolve a motion to dismiss for lack of
subject matter jurisdiction either based solely on the complaint or based on evidence
outside of the complaint. Herbert v. Nat'l Academy Sci., 974 F.2d 192,197 (D.C. Cir.
1992). If the court considers evidence outside of the pleadings, it may weigh that
evidence and resolve any factual disputes, if necessary. Id.
ANALYSIS
I. Discrimination and Retaliation Claims (Counts 1,2,3, and 8)
The core of plaintiffs Complaint is that the defendants discriminated against her
on account of her race, gender, and disability. In Counts 1,2, and 3, she alleges that the
decisions to suspend her and then to transfer her to another job were motivated by an
unlawful discriminatory purpose. She also alleges a continuing course of discriminatory
harassment; however, the Court will not entertain this claim because she failed to exhaust
it. 4 In Count 8, plaintiff further alleges that her suspension, job transfer, and the
4 Plaintiff failed to prosecute her harassment claim when given the chance to do so. In correspondence with plaintiff and her counsel, the agency specifically characterized the claims under consideration as unlawful discrimination and retaliation because "she was suspended from work" and because "she was involuntarily transferred to another job" due to her sex, race, color, and disability and in retaliation for raising concerns about discrimination. (Exhibit F [#6-9] at 1). Plaintiff neither cites any evidence nor even makes a factual allegation that she or her counsel took any steps until now to correct or expand the agency's statement of the issues to include harassment, even though invited to do so by the agency. (See id. ("If you believe that the issue(s) in your client's complaint has/have not been correctly identified, you must notity the Chief, Program
7 disclosure of confidential information about her were in retaliation for her efforts to
report the discrimination. In light of plaintiffs own account of the facts, as well as other
undisputed evidence in the record, these claims lack merit. Accordingly, the Court must
and will GRANT summary judgment to defendants. 5
A. Discrimination Claims (Counts 1,2, and 3)
It is unlawful under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act for an employer to "fail or
refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any
individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of
employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin."
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a)(l). This statute establishes just two elements for an employment
discrimination claim: "(i) the plaintiff suffered an adverse employment action (ii) because
of the employee's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin." Brady v. Office of
Implementation Division .... ")). Like her wrongful disclosure claim in Count 6, which is explained more fully below, plaintiffs failure to inform the agency of her harassment claim amounts to an abandonment of the claim. Plaintiff cannot assert it now.
5 With the exception of plaintiffs harassment claim, the Court concludes that plaintiff adequately exhausted her discrimination and retaliation claims in Counts 1, 2, 3, and 8. Even though plaintiff did not prosecute her claims with vigor, oftentimes responding to the administrative judge's orders in an untimely fashion, she did not abandon them either. As a result, the administrative judge did not simply dismiss the claims; instead, he sanctioned plaintiff by cancelling her hearing request and then proceeded to decide the case on the merits by issuing a final agency decision based on the evidence before him. For these reasons, this case is unlike Smith v. Koplan, relied upon heavily by the defendants, in which the administrative judge dismissed the case and imposed a monetary sanction against the plaintiff because she did not respond at all to any of the judge's orders. 362 F. Supp. 2d 266, 267 (D.D.C. 2005).
8 Sergeant at Arms, 520 F.3d 490,493 (D.C. Cir. 2008). If the employee has suffered an
adverse employment action and if the employer has asserted a legitimate, non-
discriminatory reason for the action, then this Court need only determine at the summary
judgment stage whether the "employee produced sufficient evidence for a reasonable jury
to find that the employer's asserted non-discriminatory reason was not the actual reason
and that the employer intentionally discriminated against the employee on the basis of
race, color, religion, sex, or national origin." Id. at 494. The same approach applies as
well to disability discrimination claims under the Rehabilitation Act. See Fields v. Office
of Eddie Bernice Johnson, 459 F.3d 1, 15 n.24 (D.C. Cir. 2006) (citing Barth v. Gelb, 2
F.3d 1180, 1185-86 (D.C. Cir. 1993)).
Plaintiffs three-day suspension undoubtedly amounts to an adverse employment
action for which defendants have asserted a legitimate, non-discriminatory explanation.
Defendants claim that plaintiff acted unprofessionally when she procured a permanent
disabled parking permit for herself while acting in her capacity as Parking Coordinator
without consulting anyone in her supervisory chain of command. Plaintiff contends that
this explanation is a pretext for unlawful discrimination and offers three facts as evidence.
First, plaintiff alleges that she did not violate any agency rule or policy. (Affidavit of
Lisa Martin [# 11-2] at ~ 10). Second, she claims that her disabled parking permit has not
been revoked because she is entitled to it. (ld. at ~ 15). Third, plaintiff points to
instances where able-bodied white men used their authority to issue parking permits for
their own benefit or otherwise violated Commerce Department regulations but were not
9 punished. Specifically, plaintiff alleges that the manager, who advised her to file the
disabled parking request, and the medical officer, who approved it, were not disciplined
for their involvement. (Jd. at,-r 17). She further alleges that two of the managers who
were involved in her suspension regularly violated parking rules but were never punished.
(Jd. at,-r 18). For instance, she claims that, after an employee departed for another job,
one of the managers began using that employee's parking space, which violated the
departmental rule prohibiting the transferability of parking permits. (Jd.). She also
alleged that the other manager often used emergency parking permits when there was no
emergency. (Jd. at,-r 19). Finally, she claims that both managers regularly used temporary
parking permits for themselves and for family members. (Jd. at,-r 20).
Even if true, these facts do not suffice as a matter of law to establish that
defendants' explanation for plaintiffs suspension is a pretext for unlawful discrimination.
That plaintiff did not violate any explicit rule or procedure does not mean she acted in a
professionally appropriate manner. Indeed, defendants acknowledged that even though
she violated no explicit rule, her decision to process a disabled parking permit for herself
without informing anyone in her chain of command was, nonetheless, unprofessional
conduct sufficient to warrant disciplinary action. (Declaration of Douglas Elznic [#6-16]
at 3; Declaration of BrauIio Ramon [#6-17] at 2). Plaintiff obviously disagrees with this
judgment, as is her prerogative. But disagreement as to what constitutes professionally
appropriate conduct is not proof of racial, or any other unlawful, discrimination.
Furthermore, the fact of her entitlement to the parking permit is not proof that her
10 suspension was discriminatory because she was disciplined, not for having the permit, but
for processing it herself without the approval of her chain of command.
Plaintiffs strongest argument that her suspension was actually motivated by
discriminatory animus is that other agency personnel, who issued parking permits for
their own benefit or otherwise violated Commerce Department regulations, were not
similarly disciplined. This disparate treatment argument ultimately fails, however,
because the agency personnel who plaintiff references are not similarly situated to her.
To establish that a comparator is similarly situated for purposes of proving disparate
treatment, a plaintiff must show that "all of the relevant aspects of her employment
situation were 'nearly identical'" to the comparator's employment situation. Neuren v.
Adduci, Mastriani, Meeks & Schill, 43 F.3d 1507, 1514 (D.C. Cir. 1995). Plaintiff points
first to the manager who advised her to submit a disabled parking request and to the
medical officer who approved her request. Neither the manager nor the medical officer,
of course, are similarly situated to plaintiff. In the first place, they do not hold similar
positions as plaintiff, and in any event, they did not engage in the allegedly inappropriate
conduct for which she was disciplined. Indeed, plaintiff has cited no evidence that the
manager or the medical officer either knew of her failure (or intent not) to inform her
supervisors or advised her not to inform them. Plaintiff also alleges that two of the
managers involved in her suspension regularly violated departmental parking regulations
or otherwise issued parking permits for improper purposes. Even ifplaintiffs allegations
are true, this evidence is proof, at best, that her supervisors treat themselves differently
11 than they treat their subordinates. As a subordinate, plaintiff is not similarly situated with
her managers. Absent some evidence that those managers treat some subordinates
differently than others based on race, gender, or disability, no reasonable jury could
conclude that plaintiff's suspension was the product of unlawful discrimination,
notwithstanding the remarkable zeal of their investigatory process.
Plaintiff has also failed to show, as a matter of law, that her job transfer constitutes
an adverse employment action. Plaintiff does not allege that her payor grade has been
reduced. Rather, she claims that her new job is a "constructive demotion" because: (1)
her new supervisor has a reputation for being difficult and has been accused of race and
gender discrimination; and (2) her new job offers less complexity, variety, responsibility,
and opportunity than her previous job. 6 (Complaint [# 1] at ~ 31). According to plaintiff,
she was responsible in her former job for human resources duties, budgeting tasks,
contracting activities, and credit purchase management and oversight, in addition to
serving as the parking coordinator. (Affidavit of Lisa Martin [#11-2] at ~ 22). She claims
that the "level and diversity of [her] customer base was broad," spanning entire divisions
6 In the Complaint, plaintiff also alleges that her work hours are now more
burdensome, but she fails to offer any evidentiary support for that allegation in her affidavit. In any event, even if this allegation were properly supported, she has not alleged that her hours exceed (or are more burdensome than) the normal work hours expected for an employee at her pay and grade level. Therefore, she cannot claim that her new hours are so adverse as to materially affect the terms of her employment. See Mayers v. Laborers' Health & Safety Fund ofN. Am., 478 F.3d 364, 369 (D.C. Cir. 2007) (holding that, because the plaintiff did "not allege that the project increased her workload above and beyond what ordinarily was expected of her," she "failed to allege an adverse action").
12 and agencies. (Id.). She also "liked and trusted" the people with whom she worked, and
she believed that the opportunities for professional growth were "limitless." (Id. at ~~ 22-
23). Plaintiff characterizes her new job differently. She says that it has "very few
management-level functions" and that "[ mlost of her responsibilities were given to other
employees," leaving her with "busywork." (Id. at ~ 26). Unlike her previous job, she
"rarely interact[s] with employees outside [her] group, division, or agency." (Id.). She
claims that there is "no possibility" for professional growth in her new job, that she has
"no concrete daily responsibilities," and that the work is "beneath" her grade. (Id. at ~
27).
Although plaintiffs comparison of her old and new jobs is short on details, what
she does describe is not sufficient as a matter of law to establish that her transfer is an
adverse employment action. As our Circuit Court itself has noted:
[A] plaintiff who is made to undertake or who is denied a lateral transfer-that is, one in which she suffers no diminution in payor benefits-does not suffer an actionable injury unless there are some other materially adverse consequences affecting the terms, conditions, or privileges of her employment or her future employment opportunities such that a reasonable trier of fact could conclude that the plaintiff has suffered objectively tangible harm.
Brown v. Brody, 199 F .3d 446, 457 (D.C. Cir. 1999). That plaintiffs new supervisor is
reputed to be "difficult" and has been "accused" of race and gender discrimination in the
past does not materially affect the terms, conditions, or privileges of employment.
Plaintiff is certainly not the first or only federal employee ever to have labored under a
difficult boss. Moreover, a person's reputation and the accusations of third parties about
13 that person's supposed past discriminating conduct are not always accurate. Speculation
of this nature cannot suffice as evidence of an adverse employment action.
In addition, plaintiffs generalized claims about the importance, quality, and scope
of her duties are also inadequate. While plaintiff claims that she has fewer and less
complex responsibilities, the removal of responsibilities does not alone constitute an
adverse action when the employee has been laterally transferred to a new position at the
same pay and grade level. Jordan v. Evans, 355 F. Supp. 2d 72, 80 (D.D.C. 2004) (noting
that the "courts in this Circuit have previously declined to find an 'adverse action' where
a plaintiffs new duties were 'non-technical and purely clerical in nature' following a
transfer, where the plaintiff can show no diminution in payor benefits"). Plaintiffs
subjective belief that her new position is somehow less important or "beneath" her falls
short as well given that "[p ]urely subjective injuries, such as dissatisfaction with a
reassignment, or public humiliation or loss of reputation are not' adverse action. '" Jd.
(internal quotation marks omitted) (alteration in original). Moreover, plaintiffs
dissatisfaction that her new job offers less interaction with employees outside her division
or agency is also inadequate as proof of adverse action because "[ mJere idiosyncracies of
personal preference are not sufficient to state an injury." Brown, 199 F.3d at 457.
Plaintiffs characterization that there is "no possibility" of professional growth in her new
job is also insufficient "because she has not alleged any facts to support this contention."
Jordan, 355 F. Supp. 2d at 80. In short, plaintiff raises no tangible allegations showing
that her transfer is really a demotion. She has "not alerted the Court to any specific duties
14 or responsibilities that clarify" why her new job is materially worse than her old job. Id.
(emphasis added). In Stewart v. Ashcroft, the only case plaintiff cites on this point, the
employee was denied his supervisor's job. 352 F.3d 422, 427 (D.C. Cir. 2003). The
Court held that "[b]ecause of the equality of pay and benefits, we may call it a lateral
transfer, but in reality, it is more similar to a denial of a promotion-which is clearly an
adverse employment action." Id. None of plaintiff's vague allegations come remotely
close to the showing made in that case.
B. Retaliation Claim (Count 8)
Plaintiff's retaliation claim fails for the same reasons as her disparate treatment
claims. Title VII makes it unlawful "for an employer to discriminate against any of his
employees ... because [an employee] has opposed any practice made an unlawful
employment practice by [Title VII], or because he has made a charge, testified, assisted,
or participated in any manner in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing under [Title
VII]." 42 U.S.c. § 2000e-3(a). To state a claim for retaliation, the employee must show
"(1) that she engaged in a statutorily protected activity; (2) that the employer took an
adverse personnel action; and (3) that a causal connection existed between the two."
Stewart v. Evans, 275 F.3d 1126, 1134 (D.C. Cir. 2002). Like discrimination claims, the
burden then shifts to the agency to present some legitimate, non-retaliatory reason for its
actions. Jones v. Bernanke, 557 F.3d 670,677 (D.C. Cir. 2009). If the agency does so,
"the burden-shifting framework disappears, and a court reviewing summary judgment
IS looks to whether a reasonable jury could infer retaliations from all the evidence." ld.
(internal quotation marks and alteration omitted).
Plaintiff claims that defendants suspended her and then transferred her to a
different job because she reported her allegations of discrimination. 7 (Complaint [# 1] at ~
35). As to her suspension, plaintiff has not shown, for reasons already set forth, that
defendants' legitimate, non-discriminatory explanation is a pretext for anything unlawful.
Nor has plaintiff shown as a matter of law that her lateral transfer is a "material" or
"significant" adverse action. To prove retaliation, the employee must show that the
employer's action is so material or significant that it would "dissuade[] a reasonable
worker from making or supporting a charge of discrimination." Rochon v. Gonzales, 438
F.3d 1211, 1219 (D.C. Cir. 2006) (internal quotation marks omitted). As explained
already, plaintiffs generalized impressions about the inferiority of her new job,
unsupported by any specific factual allegations, do not rise to this level.
II. Wrongful Disclosure Claims (Counts 5,6, and 7)
Nowhere in the Complaint does plaintiff allege that she filed an administrative
grievance for wrongful disclosure of confidential information. In November 2006,
plaintiff, for the first time, complained to the Commerce Department's Office of Civil
Rights that the parking permit regulations were applied differently to her on account of
7 Plaintiff also claims that defendants disclosed confidential information about her in retaliation for her efforts to report unlawful discrimination, (see Complaint [# 1] at ~ 35), but for reasons to be explained more fully below, the Court will not entertain any wrongful disclosure allegation because it was not properly presented to the agency.
16 her race, color, gender, and disability. (Complaint [#1] at ~ 22). In February 2007, she
filed an EEO grievance with the Commerce Department's human resources office,
alleging that her suspension was discriminatory. (Id. at ~ 27). In her formal charge to the
Office of Civil Rights, she alleged "harassment, disparate treatment, and retaliation." (Id.
at ~ 32). Even though plaintiff did not allege any facts showing that she exhausted her
administrative remedies with respect to any wrongful disclosure claims, plaintiffs
Complaint nevertheless raises three such claims against defendants. Count 5 alleges that
defendants violated the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552a, by improperly disclosing
information about plaintiff s medical condition, her suspension, and her discrimination
grievances and by failing to maintain the accuracy of her records. (Id. at ~ 65). Count 6
alleges that defendants violated the Rehabilitation Act by wrongfully disclosing
confidential information about her medical condition. (Id. at ~ 69). Count 7 alleges a
common law tort against her supervisors, defendants Elznic, Fanning, and Ramon, for
disclosing to co-workers confidential information about her medical condition, her
disciplinary proceedings, and her EEO grievance. (ld. at ~ 75).
Plaintiff argues that she adequately exhausted her administrative remedies by
providing notice of her wrongful disclosure claims on a number of occasions.
Specifically, plaintiff avers that she notified the agency in January 2007 when her counsel
responded in writing to the seven-day suspension proposed by defendant Ramon and
again in February 2007 when her counsel responded to the three-day suspension approved
17 by defendant Elznic. 8 (PI. Opp. [# 11] at 12). Plaintiff further avers that she informed the
agency of her "privacy concerns" when she met with an EEO officer on March 31, 2007. 9
(Jd. at 11). In addition, plaintiff claims that she alleged in her response to the defendants'
interrogatories that similarly situated co-workers were not subjected to invasion of
privacy for violating departmental regulations. (Jd. at 13). She also points to statements
during the mediation in June 2007 and during her deposition in which she made clear that
private information about her medical condition had been disclosed to co-workers. (Jd. at
13-14).10
Without more, however, notice of this sort does not suffice to exhaust
administrative remedies for any of the three wrongful disclosure claims. Administrative
exhaustion for Count 5 under the Privacy Act requires that the claim first be made in
person or by mail to the Commerce Department's Privacy Officer. 15 C.F.R. §§ 4.24,
8 In both letters, plaintiffs counsel stated that "several employees who do not have need to know of [plaintiffs] condition have been given that private information" and that "the law has a remedy called invasion of privacy, which is enforceable under state and federal law ... for publishing and distributing private medical records." (PI. Opp. [# 11] at 12 (internal quotation marks omitted) (alteration in original)).
9 In her formal grievance, however, plaintiff did not specifically mention those privacy concerns. Instead, she merely stated that she had "complained orally and in writing that her supervisor's and other managers' defamatory accusations, proposed suspension, and related activities were unlawful, discriminatory acts based on her sex, race, color, and disability." (Exhibit A [#6-4] at 2).
10 Although plaintiffs Opposition references supporting documentation for the foregoing averments, that documentation has not been docketed. In any event, the Court will treat the averments made in plaintiffs Opposition as true for the purpose of resolving this case.
18 4.27; see also Dickson v. Office a/Personnel Mgmt., 828 F.2d 32, 40 (D.C. Cir. 1987)
(requiring exhaustion of administrative remedies under the Privacy Act). Plaintiff points
to no evidence contravening the Privacy Officer's declaration that she had not received
any Privacy Act claim from plaintiff. (Declaration of Brenda Dolan [#6-27] at 1-2).
Exhaustion for Count 6 under the Rehabilitation Act also fails because plaintiff did
not prosecute this claim when she had an opportunity to do so during the formal EEOC
process. In June 2007, the agency notified plaintiff and her counsel of the claims under
investigation. (Exhibit F [# 6-9] at I). Specifically, the agency characterized plaintiffs
claims as alleging unlawful discrimination and retaliation because "she was suspended
from work" and because "she was involuntarily transferred to another job" due to her sex,
race, color, and disability and in retaliation for raising concerns about discrimination.
(Id.). The agency directed plaintiff to notifY the Chief of the Program Implementation
Division in writing within 15 days if the issues identified by the agency were not correct.
(Id.). She didn't. And once again, plaintiff points to no evidence that she took the
required steps to correct the agency and thus to prosecute her wrongful disclosure claim
under the Rehabilitation Act. Plaintiff effectively abandoned this claim, and as a result,
neither the agency nor the administrative judge in the EEOC proceedings addressed it.
Administrative exhaustion for Count 7, a tort claim, fails for essentially the same
reason. The Federal Tort Claims Act ("FTCA") requires that plaintiffs first file with the
relevant agency "( 1) a written statement sufficiently describing the injury to enable the
agency to begin its own investigation, and (2) a sum-certain damages claim." GAF Corp.,
19 818 F.2d at 905. Yet here, plaintiff provides no evidence that she submitted in writing a
"sum-certain damages claim" for the tort she now alleges. Plaintiff cites only two letters
written by her counsel regarding her suspension (one to defendant Elznic and the other to
the human resources director). In both letters, counsel merely noted that several
employees had been given confidential information about plaintiff without need to know
and that the law provided a remedy for invasion of privacy. (PI. Opp. [#11] at 12). The
letters did not affirmatively state that plaintiff was seeking damages against the agency
under the FTCA, and they certainly did not provide a sum certain. Because plaintiff
failed to prosecute this claim before the agency in full accordance with the FTCA, she has
failed to exhaust.
Thus, for all the foregoing reasons, the Court must GRANT defendants' motion
[#6]. It does so, however, with the utmost hope that someone at a senior level in the
Department of Commerce will review this entire situation dispassionately and glean from
it the lessons necessary to prevent such events from escalating to this extent in the future.
An Order consistent with this Memorandum Opinion is attached herewith.
,A
~~ J: RICHARD United States District Judge