Martin v. Francis

600 So. 2d 1382, 1992 WL 117305
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedMay 22, 1992
Docket91 CA 0921
StatusPublished
Cited by15 cases

This text of 600 So. 2d 1382 (Martin v. Francis) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Martin v. Francis, 600 So. 2d 1382, 1992 WL 117305 (La. Ct. App. 1992).

Opinion

600 So.2d 1382 (1992)

Sheila MARTIN and Nelson Martin Individually and on Behalf of Their Minor Child Shannon Martin
v.
Stanley FRANCIS d/b/a Donaldsville Marble and Granite Company and Audubon Insurance Company.

No. 91 CA 0921.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, First Circuit.

May 22, 1992.
Rehearing Denied July 14, 1992.

*1383 Raymond Simmons, Baton Rouge, for plaintiffs/appellants.

Troy J. Charpentier, Baton Rouge, for defendants.

Before COVINGTON, C.J., and LeBLANC and WHIPPLE, JJ.

LeBLANC, Judge.

This is a personal injury case in which plaintiffs appeal from a jury verdict awarding the victim partial medical expenses only, with no award for general damages.

On April 19, 1987, thirteen-year-old Shannon Martin sustained a severe injury when a granite tombstone displayed at defendant's place of business fell on his right foot, nearly severing his big toe, second toe and the tip of his third toe. These toes were amputated a few days later when efforts to save them proved unsuccessful. Shannon's parents, Nelson and Sheila Martin, subsequently filed this personal injury suit, individually and on behalf of Shannon, against Stanley Francis, D/B/A Donaldsonville Marble and Granite Company, and his liability insurer, Audubon Insurance Company.

Trial of this matter was held before a jury on October 9 through 11, 1990. After beginning deliberations, the jury returned to the courtroom and asked whether it could add a stipulation to the verdict form requiring defendants to pay 100% of Shannon's past medical expenses, excluding the amount incurred for psychological treatment. After determining there was no objection from either counsel, the trial court replied that it had no objection to this request. After further deliberations, the jury returned a verdict assigning 75% fault to Shannon and 25% fault to Stanley Francis.[1] Additionally, the jury awarded Shannon $10,816.72 for medical expenses. The following notation was made at the bottom of the verdict form: "Donaldsonville Marble and Granite Co. is 100% responsible for Shannon Martin's medical bills to date (10,816.72) Donaldsonville Marble and Granite Co. is not responsible for plaintiff's exhibit-P21A". The jury awarded no damages for plaintiffs' other requested items of damage.

After the trial court rendered judgment in accordance with this verdict, plaintiffs made a motion for additur and/or judgment *1384 notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV) and an application for a new trial, all of which were denied by the trial court. Plaintiffs now appeal the judgment of the trial court, alleging the trial court erred in the following respects:

1. In failing to grant a new trial, additur or JNOV due to the jury's failure to award plaintiffs any general damages, despite the fact that an award was made for special damages.
2. In failing to sustain plaintiffs' Batson challenge to defendants' use of a peremptory challenge to excuse a black prospective juror.
3. In allowing the admission into evidence of a deposition given by a defense witness when there was no legal showing of the witness' unavailability.
4. In refusing to give the jury a special instruction requested by plaintiffs.
5. In giving the jury two special instructions requested by defendants.

FAILURE TO AWARD GENERAL DAMAGES

Plaintiffs contend the jury erred in failing to award general damages to Shannon for pain and suffering and to his parents for mental anguish, despite the fact that an award of special damages was made. They also maintain the trial court erred in failing to grant an additur, new trial or JNOV on the basis of this legal error in the jury verdict. We agree with plaintiffs' argument with respect to Shannon, but not as to his parents.

It is legal error for a jury to award special damages for a party's medical expenses while denying recovery to that party for pain and suffering. Marcel v. Allstate Ins. Co., 536 So.2d 632 (La.App. 1st Cir.1988), writ denied, 539 So.2d 631 (1989); Harper v. Boudreaux, 496 So.2d 439 (La. App. 1st Cir.1986). Since the jury in this case allowed recovery for some of Shannon's medical expenses, but denied him recovery for pain and suffering, it committed legal error. Id. Accordingly, the trial court erred in not granting plaintiffs the relief they prayed for with respect to Shannon's claim for pain and suffering. Odendahl v. Wild, 418 So.2d 36 (La.App. 4th Cir.1982); also see, Labauve v. Central Mut. Ins. Co., 491 So.2d 146 (La.App. 3rd Cir.1986) (the trial court correctly granted JNOV to award plaintiff general damages which the jury had denied, despite having awarded medical damages).

Since Shannon is entitled to recover for his pain and suffering, it is incumbent upon this Court to render an award for this item of damages. Gonzales v. Xerox Corporation, 320 So.2d 163 (La.1975). Further, because the jury committed legal error rather than an abuse of its discretion, we must assess damages res nova. Marcel, 536 So.2d at 635. After considering the circumstances present, we conclude that an award of $35,000.00 for Shannon's pain and suffering is appropriate. This amount is subject to reduction by 75% due to the jury's assessment of fault to Shannon. La.C.C. art. 2323.

Plaintiffs also maintain the jury erred in not awarding recovery for all of Shannon's medical expenses. Specifically, the jury denied recovery for the expense of Shannon's treatment by a psychologist, which totalled $2,400.00. Our review of the record indicates that the jury abused its discretion in disallowing this expense, which was attributable to the psychological trauma Shannon experienced as a result of the amputation of his toes. Therefore, we will further amend the judgment of the trial court to allow recovery for this medical expense. As with the award for Shannon's pain and suffering, this award is subject to 75% reduction.[2]

With respect to Shannon's parents, plaintiffs argue the jury erred in not *1385 awarding them damages for mental anguish. This contention is without merit.

After he was injured, Shannon managed to hop on one leg the short distance to the residence where his parents were visiting, where he laid on the sidewalk and screamed for his parents. When Shannon's shoe was removed, his big toe was limp, remaining attached to his foot by only a few tendons. Shannon's mother testified that she could not bear this sight and attempted to run from the scene until someone restrained her.

In a departure from a long line of jurisprudence, the Louisiana Supreme Court in Lejeune v. Rayne Branch Hosp., 556 So.2d 559 (La.1990), held that under limited circumstances, mental pain and anguish claims arising out of injuries to a third person are recoverable. However, one of the requisites for such recovery is that the emotional distress sustained by the claimant be both serious and reasonably foreseeable.

In discussing this requirement, the Supreme Court stated:

Serious emotional distress, of course, goes well beyond simple mental pain and anguish. Compensation for mental pain and anguish over injury to a third person should only be allowed where the emotional injury is both severe and debilitating. For instance, Paugh v. Hanks, 6 Ohio St.3d 72, 451 N.E.2d 759

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
600 So. 2d 1382, 1992 WL 117305, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/martin-v-francis-lactapp-1992.