NUMBER 13-18-00671-CV
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG
MARTIN KROESCHE, Appellant,
v.
TEXAS WORKFORCE COMMISSION AND WASSAR LOGISTICS HOLDINGS, Appellees.
On appeal from the 156th District Court of Aransas County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Benavides, Hinojosa, and Perkes Memorandum Opinion by Justice Benavides By three issues, which we address as one, appellant Martin Kroesche argues the
trial court erred by granting appellees Texas Workforce Commission (TWC) and Wassar
Logistics Holdings, LLC (Wassar)’s motion for summary judgment. Kroesche alleges (1)
that he proved that Wassar had a written policy providing for payment for unused time off;
(2) there was no summary judgment evidence that any conflicting version of Wassar’s written policy was submitted at the TWC hearing; and (3) the Texas Administration Code
requires payment of Kroesche’s paid time off (PTO) because Wassar’s written policy
provides for such payment. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
Wassar employed Kroesche as its president from January 2016 to July 19, 2016,
when his employment was terminated. Kroesche previously worked for Flo-Trend
Systems (Flo-Trend), until it was acquired by Wassar. On February 1, 2016, Kroesche
entered into an employment agreement with Wassar that stated:
4. Other Benefits. During the Term of Employment, the Company shall provide Employee the following benefits, which can be modified at any time, in the Company’s sole discretion:
(a) Vacation. Employee shall be entitled to 3 weeks of vacation for each calendar year during the Term of Employment, prorated for any partial years during the Term of Employment, in accordance with the Company’s vacation policy. Vacation shall be used by Employee at Employee’s reasonable discretion, but shall not be carried over from year to year.
Following the employment agreement, a letter dated March 16, 2016, was sent to all Flo-
Trend employees, which contained the following:
Vacation and Sick Pay: We have established guideline [sic] for vacation and sick pay. You are entitled to; [sic]
▪ One full week pay after the first year of employment.
▪ Two full weeks after 3 years of employment.
▪ After first year, 3 days per year for personal time off (sick or otherwise).
▪ After 7 years, 3 weeks and 5 days PTO or a total of 4 weeks.
2 ▪ All vacations must be scheduled with your supervisor and approved. You will need to seek management approval to take more than one week consecutively off.
▪ No carry over.
▪ The Company may or may not establish a policy to compensate for unused time off.
Note: Vacation and PTO pay is not automatically granted on the first day of the year, it is accrued by payroll period through the year. Existing employees from FTS, Inc. are grandfathered and vacation/PTO is considered earned.
An updated letter to Flo-Trend employees was issued, still dated March 16, 2016, which
included the same bulleted language, but the “Note” section now stated:
Note: Vacation and PTO pay is not automatically granted on the first day of the year, it is accrued by payroll period through the year.
Following his termination from Wassar, Kroesche filed a claim for wages with the
TWC because he claimed Wassar refused to pay him the amounts owed to him for his
unused vacation time and PTO. See TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. § 61.051. On December 28,
2016, the TWC dismissed Kroesche’s claim for wages in a preliminary wage
determination order. See id. § 61.052. He appealed, and the TWC held administrative
hearings on March 7 and April 18, 2017. See id. § 61.054. On July 14, 2017, the TWC
issued its final administrative decision affirming the dismissal of Kroesche’s claim stating
that Wassar “did not have a written agreement or policy providing for the payment of
vacation or PTO at separation.” See id. § 61.060.
Kroesche filed this suit requesting review of the TWC’s determination in district
court. See id. § 61.062. Wassar and the TWC filed a joint motion for summary
judgment and attached exhibits to support their motion. Kroesche responded stating
3 Wassar did have a written policy in place and he was entitled to unpaid wages. After
allowing Wassar and the TWC to supplement their motion for summary judgment
evidence and hearing argument, the trial court took the motion under advisement. The
trial court ultimately agreed with the TWC and Wassar and granted their joint motion for
summary judgment. This appeal followed.
II. MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
By three issues, which we construe as one, Kroesche challenges the trial court’s
granting of the appellees’ motion for summary judgment. By what we construe as sub-
issues, Kroesche argued that he proved the version of the written policy he produced at
the TWC hearing was the correct one, that Wassar did not submit any summary judgment
evidence showing a conflicting policy to the TWC, and that the written policy he presented
entitled him to PTO under the Texas Payday Law and Texas Administrative Code. See
40 TEX. ADMIN. CODE § 821.25 (2019) (Tex. Workforce Comm’m, Texas PayDay Rules).
A. Standard of Review
A trial court reviews the TWC’s decision on a wages claim by trial de novo to
determine whether there is substantial evidence to support the TWC’s ruling. See TEX.
LAB. CODE ANN. § 61.062(e); see also Evangel Healthcare Charities, Inc. v. Tex.
Workforce Comm’n, No. 14-17-00942-CV, 2018 WL 5074534, *2 (Tex. App.—Houston
[14th Dist.] Oct. 18, 2018, no pet.) (mem. op.). “Trial de novo of a TWC ruling ‘requires
the court to determine whether there is substantial evidence to support the ruling of the
agency, but the reviewing court must look at the evidence presented in trial and not the
record created by the agency.’” Harris Cty. Appraisal Dist. v. Tex. Workforce Comm’n,
4 519 S.W.3d 113, 118 (Tex. 2017) (quoting Mercer v. Ross, 701 S.W.2d 830, 831 (Tex.
1986)). The TWC’s wage decision enjoys a presumption of validity, and the party
seeking to set aside such a decision has the burden of showing that the decision is not
supported by substantial evidence—that is, it is not supported by more than a scintilla of
evidence. Id. “A trial court may not set aside a TWC decision merely because it would
have reached a different conclusion; rather, the court may do so only ‘if it finds that the
[TWC’s] decision was made without regard to the law or the facts and therefore was
unreasonable, arbitrary, or capricious.’” Id. (quoting Collingsworth Gen. Hosp. v.
Hunnicutt, 988 S.W.2d 706, 708 (Tex. 1998)). On appeal from summary judgment
affirming the TWC’s decision, we conduct a de novo review of the summary judgment
evidence to determine whether, as a matter of law, substantial evidence supports the
TWC’s decision. Id.
B. Applicable Law and Discussion
Under the labor code, wages are defined as:
compensation owed by an employer for:
(A) labor or services rendered by an employee, whether computed on a time, tasks, piece, commission, or other basis; and
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NUMBER 13-18-00671-CV
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG
MARTIN KROESCHE, Appellant,
v.
TEXAS WORKFORCE COMMISSION AND WASSAR LOGISTICS HOLDINGS, Appellees.
On appeal from the 156th District Court of Aransas County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Benavides, Hinojosa, and Perkes Memorandum Opinion by Justice Benavides By three issues, which we address as one, appellant Martin Kroesche argues the
trial court erred by granting appellees Texas Workforce Commission (TWC) and Wassar
Logistics Holdings, LLC (Wassar)’s motion for summary judgment. Kroesche alleges (1)
that he proved that Wassar had a written policy providing for payment for unused time off;
(2) there was no summary judgment evidence that any conflicting version of Wassar’s written policy was submitted at the TWC hearing; and (3) the Texas Administration Code
requires payment of Kroesche’s paid time off (PTO) because Wassar’s written policy
provides for such payment. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
Wassar employed Kroesche as its president from January 2016 to July 19, 2016,
when his employment was terminated. Kroesche previously worked for Flo-Trend
Systems (Flo-Trend), until it was acquired by Wassar. On February 1, 2016, Kroesche
entered into an employment agreement with Wassar that stated:
4. Other Benefits. During the Term of Employment, the Company shall provide Employee the following benefits, which can be modified at any time, in the Company’s sole discretion:
(a) Vacation. Employee shall be entitled to 3 weeks of vacation for each calendar year during the Term of Employment, prorated for any partial years during the Term of Employment, in accordance with the Company’s vacation policy. Vacation shall be used by Employee at Employee’s reasonable discretion, but shall not be carried over from year to year.
Following the employment agreement, a letter dated March 16, 2016, was sent to all Flo-
Trend employees, which contained the following:
Vacation and Sick Pay: We have established guideline [sic] for vacation and sick pay. You are entitled to; [sic]
▪ One full week pay after the first year of employment.
▪ Two full weeks after 3 years of employment.
▪ After first year, 3 days per year for personal time off (sick or otherwise).
▪ After 7 years, 3 weeks and 5 days PTO or a total of 4 weeks.
2 ▪ All vacations must be scheduled with your supervisor and approved. You will need to seek management approval to take more than one week consecutively off.
▪ No carry over.
▪ The Company may or may not establish a policy to compensate for unused time off.
Note: Vacation and PTO pay is not automatically granted on the first day of the year, it is accrued by payroll period through the year. Existing employees from FTS, Inc. are grandfathered and vacation/PTO is considered earned.
An updated letter to Flo-Trend employees was issued, still dated March 16, 2016, which
included the same bulleted language, but the “Note” section now stated:
Note: Vacation and PTO pay is not automatically granted on the first day of the year, it is accrued by payroll period through the year.
Following his termination from Wassar, Kroesche filed a claim for wages with the
TWC because he claimed Wassar refused to pay him the amounts owed to him for his
unused vacation time and PTO. See TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. § 61.051. On December 28,
2016, the TWC dismissed Kroesche’s claim for wages in a preliminary wage
determination order. See id. § 61.052. He appealed, and the TWC held administrative
hearings on March 7 and April 18, 2017. See id. § 61.054. On July 14, 2017, the TWC
issued its final administrative decision affirming the dismissal of Kroesche’s claim stating
that Wassar “did not have a written agreement or policy providing for the payment of
vacation or PTO at separation.” See id. § 61.060.
Kroesche filed this suit requesting review of the TWC’s determination in district
court. See id. § 61.062. Wassar and the TWC filed a joint motion for summary
judgment and attached exhibits to support their motion. Kroesche responded stating
3 Wassar did have a written policy in place and he was entitled to unpaid wages. After
allowing Wassar and the TWC to supplement their motion for summary judgment
evidence and hearing argument, the trial court took the motion under advisement. The
trial court ultimately agreed with the TWC and Wassar and granted their joint motion for
summary judgment. This appeal followed.
II. MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
By three issues, which we construe as one, Kroesche challenges the trial court’s
granting of the appellees’ motion for summary judgment. By what we construe as sub-
issues, Kroesche argued that he proved the version of the written policy he produced at
the TWC hearing was the correct one, that Wassar did not submit any summary judgment
evidence showing a conflicting policy to the TWC, and that the written policy he presented
entitled him to PTO under the Texas Payday Law and Texas Administrative Code. See
40 TEX. ADMIN. CODE § 821.25 (2019) (Tex. Workforce Comm’m, Texas PayDay Rules).
A. Standard of Review
A trial court reviews the TWC’s decision on a wages claim by trial de novo to
determine whether there is substantial evidence to support the TWC’s ruling. See TEX.
LAB. CODE ANN. § 61.062(e); see also Evangel Healthcare Charities, Inc. v. Tex.
Workforce Comm’n, No. 14-17-00942-CV, 2018 WL 5074534, *2 (Tex. App.—Houston
[14th Dist.] Oct. 18, 2018, no pet.) (mem. op.). “Trial de novo of a TWC ruling ‘requires
the court to determine whether there is substantial evidence to support the ruling of the
agency, but the reviewing court must look at the evidence presented in trial and not the
record created by the agency.’” Harris Cty. Appraisal Dist. v. Tex. Workforce Comm’n,
4 519 S.W.3d 113, 118 (Tex. 2017) (quoting Mercer v. Ross, 701 S.W.2d 830, 831 (Tex.
1986)). The TWC’s wage decision enjoys a presumption of validity, and the party
seeking to set aside such a decision has the burden of showing that the decision is not
supported by substantial evidence—that is, it is not supported by more than a scintilla of
evidence. Id. “A trial court may not set aside a TWC decision merely because it would
have reached a different conclusion; rather, the court may do so only ‘if it finds that the
[TWC’s] decision was made without regard to the law or the facts and therefore was
unreasonable, arbitrary, or capricious.’” Id. (quoting Collingsworth Gen. Hosp. v.
Hunnicutt, 988 S.W.2d 706, 708 (Tex. 1998)). On appeal from summary judgment
affirming the TWC’s decision, we conduct a de novo review of the summary judgment
evidence to determine whether, as a matter of law, substantial evidence supports the
TWC’s decision. Id.
B. Applicable Law and Discussion
Under the labor code, wages are defined as:
compensation owed by an employer for:
(A) labor or services rendered by an employee, whether computed on a time, tasks, piece, commission, or other basis; and
(B) vacation pay, holiday pay, sick leave pay, parental leave pay, or severance pay owed to an employee under a written agreement with the employer or under a written policy of the employer.
TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. § 61.001 (emphasis added). Kroesche alleges that Wassar’s above
referenced policy constituted a “written policy.” Wassar and the TWC argue that there
was no written policy regarding unused vacation time and PTO in place, so therefore,
5 Kroesche is not entitled to pay for his unused vacation time and PTO. As exhibits to their
motion for summary judgment, Wassar and the TWC attached copies of Kroesche’s
employment agreement as well as the original March 16, 2016 policy letter sent to all Flo-
Trend employees, which stated that Wassar “may or may not establish a policy to
compensate for unused time off.” Although the trial court later allowed Wassar and the
TWC to include the amended policy letter to their summary judgment evidence, the
amended policy still contained the same language that Wassar “may or may not establish
a policy to compensate for unused time off.” The only difference in the two letters related
to when vacation time was “earned.”
Kroesche argues that once he “earned” vacation time and PTO, it was similar to
wages and he was entitled to payment for that time. However, his argument is not
supported by the code provisions. See TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. § 61.001, 40 TEX. ADMIN.
CODE § 821.25. 1 Wassar stated it did not have a written policy concerning unused
vacation time or PTO, and the submitted documentation by Kroesche before both the
TWC and the trial court support Wassar’s argument. The TWC found that there was no
written policy between Wassar and Kroesche regarding payment for unused vacation time
and PTO; thus, Kroesche was not entitled to his claim of unpaid wages. Thus, having
found more than a scintilla of evidence to support the TWC’s administrative decision, we
hold that Kroesche did not rebut the presumption of validity of the TWC’s ruling. See
Harris Cty. Appraisal Dist., 519 S.W.3d at 118. The trial court properly granted Wassar
1 The administrative code states that vacation pay, sick leave pay, and PTO are considered wages
or payable to the employee upon separation “only if there is a written agreement with the employer or a written policy of the employer specifically provides for payment.” 40 TEX. ADMIN. CODE § 821.25(a), (f), (g) (2019) (Tex. Workforce Comm’m, Texas PayDay Rules). 6 and TWC’s motion for summary judgment. We overrule Kroesche’s issue.2
III. CONCLUSION
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
GINA M. BENAVIDES, Justice
Delivered and filed the 22nd day of August, 2019.
2 Kroesche’s sub-issues do not change our holding in this case. Both the original policy letter
and the amended policy letter included the same language that Wassar “may or may not establish a policy” regarding compensation for unused time. Consideration of either letter would support the TWC’s finding of no written policy. Additionally, the administrative code does not support Kroesche’s position regarding payment of unused leave because there was no written policy in place. See 40 TEX. ADMIN. CODE § 821.25. 7